Objective: To prepare betahistine dihydrochloride sustained-release matrix tablets. Methods: The tablets were pre-pared with water soluble HPMC matrix, and the release behaviors were investigated by single factor study. The formula and preparation procedures were optimized by orthogonal design. Results:The optimal technology was as follows:using 60% HPMC K15M as the ma-trix material, calcium hydrogen phosphate as the filler, 10% PVP in 90% alcohol as the bonding agent;wet granulation compression technique was used to prepare the tablets with the tablet weight of 500mg. The in vitro drug release fits a Higuchi equation and the drug can be sustained-released within 12 h. Conclusion:The preparation technology is simple and the tablets have sustainol release behav-ior.

Objective To summarize early complications and treatment after regional pancreatectomy for periampullary carcinoma. Methods Clinical data of 325 periampullary carcinoma cases in our hospital from Dec 1997 to Jul 2004 were collected. Postoperative early complications were analyzed. Results There were 109 cases from Dec 1997 to Dec 2001 and 216 cases from Jan 2002 to Jul 2004. Early complications rate were 21/109( 19. 3% ) and 18/216(8. 3% ) respectively (P

Colorectal cancer is currently the third most common cancer worldwide,and there are still half of the patients undergoing recurrence and metastasis after surgical treatment,so it is necessary for colorectal cancer patients to receive radiation therapy routinely.Due to the side effects brought by radiotherapy,it is of great importance to solve how to minimize the radiation dose in radiation therapy and improve radiation sensitivity.In recent years,people discovered that microRNAs can not only be involved in the origins of colorectal cancer and progress,but also play a increasingly important role in cancer radiosensitivity.MicroRNAs can regulate tumor radiosensitivity by influencing tumor microenvironment and function on target genes.DNA damage response caused by radiation includes the activation of ATM,histone modification and chromatin remodeling,cell cycle arrest,damage repair and apoptosis.microRNAs can regulate tumor radiosensitivity through above processes.This review focuses on the mechanism of microRNAs in affecting DNA damage repair and prospects the future of microRNAs in influencing the sensitivity of cancer radiotherapy in clinical application.

Objective To observe the morphological characteristics of congenital optic disc pit with maculopathy, the natural de-velopment, and changes after laser photocoagulation. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Twelve cases with congenital optic disc pit. Methods Records of 12 patients with congenital optic disc pit with maculopathy were reviewed. Clinical examination includes optical coherence tomography (OCT), color fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography (FA). The data was analyzed with the exist-ing theory of pathogenesis of the disease. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity and morphology of macupopathy. Results All the patients were noted to have serous maculopathy associated with optic disc pit. Serous detachment of neuro-retina was found in two pa-tients, schisis of neuro-retina in two patients, and both serous detachment and schisis of nearo-retina were observed in other patients. Two patients were associated with choroidal coloboma. Four patients were treated with laser photocoagulation, in which 3 patients had vision improved. Conclusions Schisis and detachment of neuro-retina are the important morphologic changes of congenital optic disc pit with maculopthy. Proper understanding of the relationship between the development of the disease and these changes will be helpful to study its pathogenesis. Patients may benefit in part from laser photocoagulation. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 233-236)

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of different doses ambroxol hydrochloride on lung protection of patients in perioperative thoracotomy. METHODS:60 patients in perioperative thoracotomy were randomly divided into control group(30 cas-es)and observation group(30 cases). Control group received 30 mg Ambroxol hydrochloride injection from 1 week before surgery to 1 week after surgery,adding into 100 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride injection,intravenously,twice a day. Observation group re-ceived 300 mg Ambroxol hydrochloride injection from preoperative 1 week to postoperative 1 week,adding into 100 ml 0.9%Sodi-um chloride injection,intravenously,twice a day. All patients received the second-generation cephalosporin antimicrobial drugs for anti-infection after surgery. lung surfactant-associated protein A(SP-A),intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM-1)levels preopera-tive 1 week and postoperative 1 week,and incidence of postoperative complications in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:Preop-erative 1 week,there were no significant differences in the SP-A and ICAM-1 in 2 groups(P>0.05). Postoperative 1 week,SP-A and ICAM-1 in control group and ICAM-1 in observation group were significantly higher than preoperative 1 week,but SP-A and ICAM-1 in observation group were lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),there were no significant differences in SP-A in preoperative 1 week and postoperative 1 week(P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative compli-cations in observation group was significantly lower than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). CON-CLUSIONS:The effect of high-doses ambroxol hydrochloride on lung protection of patients in perioperative thoracotomy is signifi-cantly superior to small dose,which can reduce the incidence of lung complications.

Humans ; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery* ; Length of Stay ; Laparoscopy ; Postoperative Complications ; Gastrectomy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the short-term clinical outcome of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for the treatment of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee.

METHODSFrom September 2013 to April 2014,5 patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee underwent unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, included 3 males and 2 females, aged from 65 to 80 years old with an average of 74 years. The courses of disease was from 1 to 6 years with the mean of 3 years. According to the radiographic staging criteria of Koshino, 1 case was stage II, 2 cases were stage III, 2 cases were stage IV. Clinical effects were assessed by VAS score, HSS score, and knee range of motion, tibiofemoral angle before and after operation.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 6 to 7 months with an average of 6.4 months. All incisions obtained primary healing, and there were no complications such as infection, thrombosis, fracture of lower limbs. All 5 patients' pain relieved and their knee function improved significantly after operation, but knee range of motion had no obviously improved. Postoperative HSS scores, VAS scores, tibiofemoral angle were significantly improved than that of preoperative.

CONCLUSIONThe short-term effect of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in treating spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee is satisfactory.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Osteonecrosis ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular

Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To report a multiple metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) case successfully treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy after neoadjuvant Sunitinib,and discuss the efficacy and treatment regime of neoadjuvant targeting therapy.Methods A 51 years man presented with painless gross hematuria for one week and admitted into our hospital in August 2010.Abdominal CT demonstrated a 6.6 cm ×6.3 cm left lower pole renal tumor associated with renal vein tumor thrombus,bulky hilar lymph nodes and extensive local invasion.The patient was also found to have lung and right tibial metastasis.The clinical stage was T3bN1 M1.Percutaneous biopsy confirmed clear cell renal carcinoma.Neoadjuvant Sunitinib 50 mg daily was administered with 4 weeks on,2 weeks off schedule for two cycles.Cytoreductive nephrectomy was preformed 2 weeks after discontinuation of neoadjuvant Sunitinib.Imaging evaluation was performed to assess the primary tumor and metastatic sites.The patient was followed up till present.Results After two cycles of neoadjuvant treatment,CT scan revealed 23％ size reduction of left renal tumor to 5.1 cm ×4.4 cm,renal vein tumor thrombus regression,local perirenal invasion improvement,lung metastasis resolution and static right tibial metastasis.According to RECIST criteria,the objective response was stabilization of disease (SD).Cytoreductive nephrectomy was successfully performed to remove the primary tumor in December 2010.Pathology revealed Fuhrman Ⅱ renal cell carcinoma with major necrosis in primary tumor and thrombus localized in renal vein.During 6 months of post-operative follow-up,there was no local recurrence,lung metastasis had vanished completely and tibial metastasis had not progressed.Local recurrence and other distant metastasis were not demonstrated in 20mon follow-up till now.Disease control of this patient was partial response (PR) by RECIST.Conclusions Neoadjuvant Sunitinib treatment could result in downstaging of primary tumor and facilitate cytoreductive nephrectomy,thus eventually increase patient overall survival.

5.70log copies/mL)were determined.All patients received a treatment regimen consisting of indinavir plus combivir(AZT+3TC)for12months.During the treatment,changes in CD4 + T cell counts were monitored using a MultiSET flow cytometric assay while changes in HIV-1viral load were determined by bDNA method(range of detection1.70~5.70log RNA copies/mL).The treatment-related adverse events were clinically evaluated.Results Twelve months after the initiation of HAART,CD4 + T cell counts increased by a mean of267?10 6 cells/L(P