Cisplatin,carpolatin and oxaliplatin are platinum-based drugs that are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. Peripheral neuropathy is major dose-limiting side effect of platinum-based drug. Accordingly, this side effect restrict its clinic application. This review will focus on the research advancement on the mechanism of dorsal root ganglia neurons apoptosis in cellular and molecular biology.

Objeetive To evaluate the effect of single-level Discover cervical artificial disc replacement on cervical sagittal alignment.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent single-level Discover cervical artificial disc replacement in our hospital from February 2012 to September 2014.Sixty-two patients (34 males,28 females) with an average age of 45.2±8.2 (31-61) who were diagnosed with single-level cervical disc herniation were included (C3-4 3 cases,C4-5 12 cases,C5-6 34 cases,C6-7 13 cases).We measured the cervical sagittal alignment parameters:index level disc angle,functional spinal unit (FSU) angle,C2-C7 angle, anterior disc height (ADH),middle disc height (MDH),posterior disc height (PDH),anterior FSU height (AFH),middle FSU height (MFH),posterior FSU height (PFH) on neutral lateral radiographs before surgery and 3 months after surgery.Results All of the patients were followed up for 3 months.The cervical sagittal alignment parameters before surgery and 3 months after surgery were as follows.Index level disc angle increased from 0.0°±4.2° to 7.3°±3.9°,FSU angle increased from 2.3°±5.0° to 6.9°±4.8°,C2-C7 angle increased from 9.5°±10.8° to 13.1°±9.1°,ADH increased from 4.3±1.0 mm to 7.9±1.1 mm,MDH increased from 5.8±0.9 mm to 8.1±0.9 mm,PDH increased from 3.7±0.9 mm to 5.5±0.9 mm,AFH increased from 34.1±3.5 mm to 36.2±3.4 mm,MFH increased from 32.3±3.5 mm to 33.6±3.3 mm,PFH increased from 33.9±3.5 mm to 34.6±3.2 mm.All changes were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Single-level Discover cervical artificial disc replacement can improve the disk angle,FSU angle,and disk height effectively in early follow-up period,thereby improving the cervical sagittal alignment.

Objective:To explore the effect of leptin on proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells Huh 7 and its probable molecular mechanism.Methods:The human hepatocellular carcinoma cells Huh 7 cultured in vitro was treated with leptin at different concentrations.The proliferation of the cells was measured by MTT assay.The cell cycle was monitored by flow cytometry analysis(FCM).The expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins Cyclin D1 and P21waf1 were determined by immunocytochemistry and imageanalysis system,and real-time quantitative PCR.Results:Leptin significantly raised the proliferation rate of Huh 7 cells.The effect was dose and time-depended partly.Leptin promoted Huh 7 cells in entering the S phase from the G0/G1 phase.mRNA of Cyclin D1 in the leptin treated Huh 7 cells was increased,as compared with that in the control cells(P

Unilateral spatial neglect is an important factor for affecting the brain damage,especially in patients with functional recovery after stroke.Seeking for the effective rehabilitation measles of unilateral spatial neglect has an important significance for improving the quality of life in patients.Currently,prism adaptation is the most widely used and well-studied treatment for unilateral spatial neglect,however,there is less domestic research in this field.This article reviews the advances in research on the therapeutic mechanism of prism adaptation for unilateral spatial neglect,the application in unilateral spatial neglect after stroke as well as its efficacy.

Hemispatial neglect often occurs after brain injury, especially the higher incidence after stroke. The studies on cognition, attention, and perception have greater significance. However, the related domestic studies at present are rare. Being themed by line bisection, this article reviews the influencing factors and relevant mechanisms, brain location, and extensional study in the assessment of hemispatial neglect.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of expressional chimeric faces on the attentional bias in unilateral spatial neglect (USN) patients.Methods12 USN patients and 30 matched healthy controls (HC) were involved in this study.All of them were performed with happy-neutral and sad-neutral expressional chimeric faces (ECF) and the attentional deviation scores were compared between and within groups.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences of attentional deviation scores ( happy-neutral ECF:t =15.550,P ＜ 0.0l ; sadneutral ECF:t=12.192,P＜0.01 ) between the USN group (happy-neutral ECF:0.78 ±0.22;sad-neutral ECF:0.50 ±0.20) and the HC group (happy-neutral ECF:-0.31 ±0.20;sad-neutral ECF:-0.25 ±0.17),with rightward bias in the USN group and small leftward bias in the HC group.For the USN group,the magnitude of rightward bias in the sad-neutral ECF condition was reduced than in the happy-neutral ECF condition ( t =3.954,P=0.002 ).There were no statistically differences under happy-and sad-neutral ECF conditions within the HC group ( t =- 1.302,P =0.203 ).ConclusionsUSN patients show rightward attentional bias under both happyand sad-neutral ECF conditions.However,the magnitude of rightward bias under the sad-neutral ECF condition are reduced significantly.This might be attributed to the unconscious processing of stimuli in the neglected side and emotion cognition of the brain hemispheres.

Objective To explore the safety and efficiency of holmium laser percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of upper ureteral calcui.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 132 cases of upper ureteral calcui treated by holmium laser percutaneous nephrolithotomy.After retrograde placement of the ureteral catheter,a track from the skin surface into the middle renal calyx was established under the guidance of a C-arm fluoroscopy.Then a ureteroscope was passed to introduce a holmium laser lithotriptor.Stones were broken up and a nephrostomy tube was placed in the incision to carry fluid from the kidney.Results Holmium laser percutaneous nephrolithotomy was completed on one session in all the 132 cases(155 sides),including 116 cases of single-tract nephrolithotomy and 16 cases of double-tract nephrolithotomy.The stone-free rate was 95.5%(148/155).The duration of operation was 30~320 min(mean,108 min).The intraoperative blood loss was 50~200 ml(mean,100 ml).No blood transfusion was required and no postoperative hemorrhage happened.No analgesics were needed after operation.The nephrostomy tube was left for 3~8 d(4.6 d).The length of postoperative hospital stay was 5~11 d(mean,7.4 d).Follow-up observations in the 132 cases for 1~6 months(mean,3 months) showed complete relief of symptoms.B-ultrasonography showed a mean of renal pelvis separation of 15 mm,which had decreased by 9~28 mm postoperatively.Conclusions Holmium laser percutaneous nephrolithotomy is safe and effective in the treatment of upper ureteral calcui.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficiency of laparoscopic operation for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO).Methods A total of 19 patients with UPJO underwent laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty.The operation was performed under general anesthesia.The patients were maintained in a lateral decubitus on unaffected side.After the establishment of pneumoperitoneum,3~4 trocars were introduced at proper sites.During the operation,the lateral peritoneum was opened and the ureteropelvic junction obstruction was dissociated and dissected.The end-to-end anastomosis of the renal pelvis and ureter was conducted and a double-J stent was placed in the ureter.Results All the operations were performed successfully.The operation time was 110~240 min(mean,150 min),the blood loss was 50~100 ml(mean,80 ml),and the postoperative hospitalization time,6~10 d(mean,7.8 d).No severe complications occurred.Follow-up assessment with intravenous urography for 3~15 months(mean,6 months) in 14 patients showed no ureteral stricture.Conclusions Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is an effective and safe procedure in the treatment of UPJO.It can replace the open surgery.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for ureteral calculi after failed extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy(ESWL).Methods A total of 89 patients with ureteral calculi were treated by ureteroscopic holmium YAG laser lithotripsy after failed ESWL.Among them,69 cases were complicated with ploypi or calculi surrounded by granuloma tissues,which were melted by holmium laser simultaneously;4 cases were complicated with distal ureteral stenosis,and received open surgery for resection of the stenotic segment.Results Of the patients,calculi were fragmented by one operation in 81 cases.The success rate was 91%.67 cases were stone free in one week and 14 cases in two weeks.In 4 cases,calculi were flushed into the pelvis,and were cured by open surgery.Conclusions Ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is an effective and safe method for ureteral calculi after failed ESWL.It should be used as the first choice for the disease.

Hyaluronic acid(HA)is a linear polysaccharide chain composed of alternating ?-1,4-glucuronic acid(GlcA)and ?-1,3-N-acetylglucosamine(GlcNAc)moieties.Construction of engineering strain has become the prevailing strategy for increasing yield and improving its quality,especially the molecular weight.Here the molecular mechanism of HA biosynthesis in Streptococcus strains was reviewed,involving fermentation strains,operon structure,crucial enzyme and construction of engineering strains.In addition,the prevalent problems in HA fermentation production were also discussed and the protocols were tentatively put forward for the upcoming research and industrial production.