Animals ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Running

Objective: To study the minor triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Panax notoginseng, which provided basis for the systematic research, quality control and safety evaluation of P. notoginseng. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by MCI resin, ODS, along with Preparative-HPLC, and the structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis, and comparing with the pubished literature values. Results: Twelve monomeric compounds isolated from the roots of P. notoginseng, were identified as notoginsenoside P1 (1), notoginsenoside T5 (2), ginsenoside Rk3 (3), ginsenoside Rh4 (4), notoginsenoside T3 (5), 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (6), dammar 20 (21),24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol (7), ginsenoside Rg3 (8), gypenoside XIII (9), ginsenoside Rk1 (10), ginsenoside Rg5 (11), and 20 (S)-ginsenoside Rh2 (12). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponin

Objective To investigate the role of activated cylic AMP(cAMP) signaling in chemical-induced podocyte injury.Methods Eight-weeks-old male BalB/C mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group,Adriamycin (ADR) group and Forskolin+ADR group.ADR nephropathy models were established by tail intravenous injection,and part of them were injected Forskolin,an agonist of adenylate cyclase,intraperitoneally.Phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) was detected by laser confocal microscopy,morphology of foot processes were determined with transmission electron microscope,and WT-1 expression in glomeruli were detected by immunohistochemistry.Conditionally immortalized podocytes were treated with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN),Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) agonist 8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP (2Me),protein kinase A (PKA) antagonist H89 and its agonist pCPT-cAMP(pCPT).Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of Epac,caspase3 and cleaved caspase3.PKA activity was assayed using cAMP-dependent protein kinase detection system.Cell viability was determined by a cell count kit and podocyte apoptosis was estimated by TUNEL staining.Mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated by JC-1 staining.Results (1)Compared with ADR group,the urine albumin decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05) among Forskolin + ADR group and the WT-1 positive cells per glomerulus increased obviously (P ＜ 0.05).(2)PAN decreased podocyte number in a time-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05),pre-treatment with pCPT obviously inhibited PAN induced podocyte decrease (P ＜0.05),but H89 prevented the effect of pCPT in a dose-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.05).(3)JC-1 staining showed that the percentage of podocyte with green fluorescence for control,PAN and pCPT+PAN group were (12.67±2.15)％,(31.35±4.60)％ and (16.96 ± 2.51)％ respectively (P ＜ 0.05),and pretreatment with H89 inhibited the effect of pCPT (P ＜ 0.05).(4) PAN promoted podocyte apoptosis and cleaved caspase3 expression (P ＜ 0.05),and pretreatment with pCPT significantly prevented PAN-induced podocyte apoptosis and cleaved caspase3 expression (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions cAMP signaling activation ameliorated podocyte injury in ADR nice and PAN-induced podocyte apoptosis,and cAMP/ PKA pathway may mediate these processes.

Objective To evaluate risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with undetectable HBV DNA levels.Methods From August 2012 to Sepemter 2015,all patients who underwent TACE for HBV-related HCC with HBV DNA level less than 103 copies/ml in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were enrolled into the study.These patients were followed-up for at least 6 months after TACE to assess HBV reactivation.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to evaluate the risk factors related to HBV reactivation in these patients.Results With predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria,99 patients were enrolled into the study.Twenty-four patients (24.2％) developed HBV reactivation after TACE in the followed-up period.The level of transaminase was significantly higher in the HBV reactivation group than the non HBV reactivation group (P ＜ 0.05).HBeAg positivity and tumors more than 3 in number were independent risk factors of HBV reactivation.Conclusion HCC patients with undetectable levels of HBV DNA had a significant risk of HBV reactivation after TACE.

Eestablishing a scientific supervision system is essential to achieve a better environment for teaching and learning and improve teaching quality in medical college.We took undergraduate education evaluation as an important supervising subject and made a scientific evaluation program for teaching,learning,and testing,based on specific features of medical college.The practice of the program proves to be successful.We present the main contents in this article.

Objective To assess the protective effect of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib on rat liver subjected to bile duct obstruction. Methods Thirty rats were divided randomly into three groups, which were sham-operation group (SO group), bile duct ligation control group (Con group) and bortezomib group (Bor group). All rats in the Con group underwent ligation of the common bile duct, and rats in the Bor group were given bortezomib intrabominally at-1 d, 4 d post-ligation of the common bile duct. All the rats were sacrificed at 7 d post-surgery. ALT, TB and TBA levels were determined. The expression of NF-κB p65 was assessed using immunohistological staining. RT-PCR was employed to detect TNF-α mRNA levels in liver samples. Results There was no significance in the levels of TB and TBA between Con and Bor groups. The ALT revel in the Bor group [(92.4±21.4)μmol/L]was significantly lower than that in the Con group [(145.7 ±33.5) μmol/L], P＜0.05. The positive staining rate of NF-κB p65 subunit in the Bor group showed significant lower value (11.6% ±2.7 % ) compared to that in the Con group (15.5 %±4.3 % ), P＜0.05. The expression ratio of TNF-α mRNA in the Bor group was 1.0± 0. 2, which also significantly lower than that in the Con group (1.3±0.4), P＜0. 05. Conclusion These data suggest that the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib reduces rat hepatocyte injury in the bile duct ligation by mechanisms associated with the inhibition of NF-κB as well as the attenuation of inflammation.

Objective To investigate the impact on registration accuracy with the different registration ranges of CBCT images and CT images.Methods CBCT and CT scans were performed on the of 5 patients.The registration ranges of five patients' images of abdomen,head and chest performed CBCT and CT scanning were processed with four modes.Mode 1:the registration range of CT images was larger than the registration range of CBCT images,mode 2:the registration range of CT images and CBCT images were equally,mode 3:taking a 5 cm translation of CT images range from mode 2,mode 4:The CBCT range and CT range reduced 2 cm both sides simultaneously from mode 2.Using the registration program from Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) to the four modes,the Mean Square Difference (MSD) metric values of four modes after registration were compared and the relationship between mode 2 and another three modes was analyzed by paired t test.Results For the MSD metric values,mode 3 was maximum,mode 2 and 4 were minimum,and mode 1 was centered.The difference between the mode 2 and mode 4 was not statistically significant(P ＞ 0.05).The difference between the mode 2 and mode 1 was statistically significant(t =-4.586,-4.164,-5.618,P ＜ 0.05).The difference between the mode 2 and mode 3 was statistically significant(t =-6.423,-8.109,-19.601,P＜0.05).Conclusion The registration ranges of CBCT and CT images has a certain extent of influence on the accuracy of image registration.The closer the registration range of CBCT and CT is,the higher the registration accuracy is.

To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on prognosis after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the patients.For this retrospective study,753 patients of both sexes,aged 18-84 yr,who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB from September 2013 to May 2015,were divided into 2 groups depending on whether or not dexmedetomidine was used during surgical procedures:control group (group C,n=548) and dexmedetomidine group (group D,n =205).Propensity score matching analysis with preset caliper width was used.A total of 197 matched pairs were selected from the patients.The development of postoperative arrhythmia,in-hospital mortality,pulmonary infection after operation,and acute renal injury,length of intensive care unit stay,length of hospital stay and 30-day readmission to the hospital were collected.Compared with group C,the incidence of postoperative tachyarrhythmia and inhospital mortality rate were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant changes were found in the incidence of postoperative bradyarrhythmia,pulmonary infection after operation and postoperative acute renal injury,length of intensive care unit stay,length of hospital stay and rate of 30-day readmission to the hospital in group D (P＞0.05).Dexmedetomidine can effectively improve prognosis after cardiac surgery with CPB in the patients.

Objective To investigate the changes of reactive oxygen species(ROS) level and mitochondria fission-fusion-balance in cortical neurons of rats with chronic fluorosis and reveal the correlation between these two factors. Methods One hundred and twenty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(control group, low-dose fluorosis group, high-dose fluorosis group) and 40 rats were in each group according to body weight and the experiments were carried out for 3 months or 6 months. The rats were fed with different concentrations of fluoride (NaF) to establish fluorosis models. Controls were fed with tap water( < 0.5 mg/L), experimental animals in low- or high-dose group were fed with water containing NaF 10.0,50.0 mg/L, respectively. The level of ROS and the morphology in mitochondria fission-fusion balance in neurons of the cortex of rat brains prepared with cortical frozen sections were detected with ROS fluorescent probe and MitoTracker RED probe, respectively. Results Significant differences of the level of ROS and the numbers of abnormal mitochondria in morphology in the cortical neurons were found between 3 groups at the experiment period of 3 month and 6 month(F= 3.07,3.06,3.05,3.07, all P < 0.05). As compared with control group(10.43 ± 5.98,4.12 ± 3.86) at the experiment period of 3 month, the level of ROS and the numbers of abnormal mitochondria in morphology in the cortical neurons were obviously increased in high-dose fluorosis group(25.48 ± 6.09,20.47 ± 6.09, all P < 0.05), whereas no significant changes were found in low-dose fluorosis group(11.67 ± 3.49,6.68 ± 3.48, all P> 0.05). Furthermore, the increases in both ROS level and abnormal numbers of mitochondria were significant observed in the cortical neurons of low-dose fluorosis group (63.02 ± 8.15, 49.33 ± 8.61) and high-dose fluorosis group(65.60 ± 7.40,53.10 ± 6.95) as compared with the control group (25.26 ± 6.41,20.26 ± 6.41) at the experimental period of 6 month (all P < 0.05). The abnormal numbers of mitochondria correlated with ROS level(r = 0.93,0.81, all P < 0.05). Conclusions Taking excessive amount of fluoride results in high level of oxidative stress and impaired the balance of mitochondrial fission-fusion,which is dependent on the feeding times and doses of fluoride. The mechanism of the mitochondrial abnormalities might be associated with the high level of oxidative stress induced by chronic fluorosis.

Objective To investigate the incidence and causes of complication of stenting in the treatment of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) for its proper prevetions. Methods Thirty nine patients with SVCS due to various diseases were retrospectively analyzed. The location, extension and degree of the stenosis were identified on venography before stent placement. Lumen narrowing becoming less than 50% or 20% improvement after stenting was taken as effective. Complications after stenting were analyzed. Results Thirty-five(89.7%, 35/39) patients relieved after stenting. Six patients (15.4%) had complications, including stents displacement due to mass lessened after chemotherapy in 1 cases, stents displacement and thrombogenesis due to lack of anticoagulant therapy and mass lessened after chemotherapy in 1 cases, restenosis due to mass growing into the screening of Gianturco Z-type stent in 1 cases, acute pericardial effusion in 1 cases, 1 of acute pulmonary embolism(PE) in 1 cases and acute congestive right heart failure and relieved after treatment in 1 cases. Conclusions Some complications of stenting in SVCS is serious. Proper procedure, stents selection and skillful handling can reduce the frequency of the complications.