The paper introduces the development and basic concept of virtual reality technology,and reviews the application of virtual reality and augmented reality technology in the aspects of clinical skills training,rehabilitation therapy,psychotherapy and telemedicine.The virtual reality technology will constantly develop in the aspects of disease diagnosis,surgical simulation,telemedicine and health management for improving the service level of medical staff and the treatment experience of patients.

Objective To explore the relationship between osteoporosis and chronic vascular complications in elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes and to evaluate its related risk factors.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 428 elderly type 2 diabetic patients.The bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spines (L2 ～L4),femoral neck,Ward's triangle were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry,and chronic vascular complications in patients were tested.The correlation between BMD and chronic vascular complications was analyzed.Results Diabetic course was longer in osteoporosis group than in non-osteoporosis group (P＜0.05).Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PBG) were significantly higher in osteoporosis group than in non-osteoporosis group (P＜ 0.05).The incidences of diabetic nephropathy,diabetic retinopathy,diabetic neuropathy and hypertension were higher in osteoporosis group than in non-osteoporosis group (59.8％ vs.12.0％,41.8％ vs.22.3％,33.6％ vs.24.5％,and 35.7％ vs.26.1％,respectively,all P＜0.05).Logistic analysis showed that diabetic course,FBG and diabetic nephropathy were correlated with diabetic osteoporosis (OR =1.055,1.168,7.401,95％ CI:1.015-1.096,1.073-1.273,4.303-12.727,P=0.007,0.001,0.001).Conclusions Osteoporosis has a close relationship with diabetic microvascular complications in elderly diabetic patients.Diabetic nephropathy plays an important role in the development of diabetic osteoporosis.It is helpful for osteoporosis prevention to early monitor and intervene on microvascular complications index such as urinary albumin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Fetal Heart ; Heart Failure ; Heart Rate, Fetal ; Humans

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal compartment syn-drome (ACS)aftergiantabdominal incisional hernia surgery.Methods The diagnosis and treatment of eight cases of ACS after giantabdominal incisional hernia surgery in our hospital from June 201 0 to June 201 4 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Seven cases of ACS were cured,with a cure rate of 87.5%. One case with chronic pulmonary heart diseasedied ofsevere lung infection caused by ARDS,with a mor-tality of 1 2.5%.The cured patients discharged and werefollowedup for threeto six months,without any signs of recurrence and organ dysfunction.Conclusion Abdominal compartment syndrome is a serious complication aftergiantabdominal incisional hernia surgery,with treatment difficult and high mortality.The keysinreducingmortalityare early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment.

Objective To compare the safety and efficiency of endoscopic total extraperitoneal patchplasty(TEP)and modified Kugel hernioplasty for inguinal hernia.Methods The clinical data of 284 cases(312 surgeries)of preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair,including 134 cases(152 surgeries)of TEP and 150 cases (160 surgeries)of modified Kugel hernioplasty,were retrospectively evaluated from June 2009 to June 2011.Mean operative time,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative complications and recur-rence were compared between groups.Results There were no significant differences in mean operative time [(48.75 ±12.14)min vs(51.46 ±24.76)min,P=0.248],postoperative hospital stay [(5.23 ± 1.85)d vs(5.84 ±1.52),P=0.126],postoperative complications [5 cases(3.3%)vs 8 cases(5.0%), P=0.598]and recurrence [1 case(0.7%)vs 2 cases(1.3%),P=1.00]between TEP and modified Kugel hernioplasty,espectively.Conclusion TEP and modified Kugel hernioplasty are both methods for preperitoneal hernia repair and they can completely repair the defect of myopectineal orifice.They are safe and effective,which is worthy of being spread in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic repair for ingunal hernia after peritoneal dialysis. Methods Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia was conducted in 26 patients with chronic renal insufficiency who had received peritoneal dialysis for a long time. For indirect inguinal hernia, a piece of mesh was placed in the abdominal cavity and the internal ring was sutured and ligated under laparoscope. For direct inguinal hernia, the hernia sac was high suspended and then the mesh onlay was placed under laparoscope. Results The laparoscopy was successfully performed in all the 26 patients, without conversions to open surgery. No postoperative hematoma of scrotum or refractory neuralgia was observed. Follow-up examinations for 6~12 months (mean, 9 months) showed no recurrence. Conclusions Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy for inguinal hernia after peritoneal dialysis is feasible, effective, and safe.

Objective To stuey effects of coloprotectomy under colonoscopy combined with laparoscope on exfoliated tumor cells in abdominal cavity.Methods 42 cases of colorectal cancer proved by pathologic histology were devided into two groups randomly: Laparoscope Group(laparoscopic surgery) and Combined Group(colonoscopy combined with laparoscope surgery).Operation time,the positive rate of exfoliated tumor cells in abdominal cavity after and before operation,the positive rate of residual tumor cells in resection of operation specimen and postoperative complications between 2 groups were compared.Results Operation time of the Combined Group was shorter than that of the Laparoscope Group [(160.5?12.6) min vs.(201.2?18.4) min,t=-8.363,P=0.000].The positive rate of exfoliated cells in abdominal cavity before operation had no significant difference between the 2 groups[9.5%(2/21) vs.19.0%(4/21),?2=0.194,P=0.659],but the postoperative positive rate of exfoliated cells in the Combined Group was significantly lower than that in the Laparoscope Group[14.3%(3/21) vs.42.9%(9/21),?2=4.200,P=0.040].There were no residual tumor cells in resection of operation specimen of 2 groups.No infection of incisional wound and lung occurred.A follow-up for 6-24 months in the Laparoscope Group showed abdominal metastasis in 1 case.Conclusions Coloprotectomy for colorectal cancer under colonoscopy combined with laparoscope can decrease exfoliated tumor cells in abdominal cavity and shorten operation time.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and therapies of the lateral patellar compression syndrome.Methods This group included 21 cases(30 knees) of lateral patellar compression syndrome,with the average 45 years old(2 males and 19 females of 36～58 years old).All of the patients had obvious Clinical sings and symptoms,whose auxiliary examination was negative.It was almost as same as the Merchant classificasion of the lateral patellar compression syndrome.We adopt the lateral retinaculum release and debridement cartilage defects and drilling.Results All of the definitely diagnosised patients were reviewed with an average of 4 years follow-up visiting(range from 0.5 to 15 years) after operation.The rate of fineness is 96.7% in accordance with Ye Qibin's synthesis estimation for the ailing knee.Conclusion The lateral patellar compression syndrome is a common disease.The lateral retinaculum release and debridement cartilage defects and drilling is a good therapy with minor injury and significant effects for the severe or recurrent attacking lateral patellar compression syndrome.

Purpose:To study the effect of amifostine on ef ficacy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) treated w ith chemotherapy and the protection of amifostine on myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy and to investigate major adverse reaction induced by amfostine. Methods:33 patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly divided i nto protection group (amosfostine + MMC +VDS + DDP) and control group (MMC + VDS + DDP), The regimen was given every 4 weeks , All enrolled patients were evalua ted for efficacy and hematologic toxicity after 3 cycles of treatment , Patients in both groups were well-matched for baseline disease characteristics. Results:In protection group (PG) , the response rate was 40% (1 CR , 5 PR , 6 NC , 3 PD), whereas in control group (CG) , the response rate was 33.3% (0 CR , 5 CR , 8 NC , 2 PD), the differentce of response rates betwee n two the groups was not statistically significant (P=0.705). The minimum wh ite blood cell (WBC) counts after chemotherapy in treatment group and in control group were (3.387?1.169)?109/L and (2.46?0.98)?109/L respectively (P =0.026). The minimum blood platelet cell (BPC) counts in PG and in CG were (11 4.53?48.24)?109 /L and (88.2?32.83)?109 /L respectively (P=0.091) . The minimum hemoglobin (HB) counts in CG and in CG were (94.4?14.69)g/L and (89 .33?13.98)g/L respectively (P=0.341). Grade (Ⅱ-Ⅳ) leukopenia rate in PG and in CG were 66.7% (10/15) and 33.3% (5/15) respectively (P= 0.068), Gr ade (Ⅱ-Ⅳ) thrombocytopenia rate in PG and in CG were 33.3% (5/15) and 20% (3/ 15) respectively (P= 0.409), Grade (Ⅱ-Ⅳ) hypochromia rate in PG and in CG were 53.3% (8/15) and 46.7% (7/15) respectively (P= 0.715). Major ad verse effects of amifostine were mild hypotension , nausea and vomiting , dizzin ess , malaise etc. Conclusions:Amifostine does not reduce the efficacy of chemothe rapy in patients with advanced NSCLC , it can reduce the hematologic toxicity as sociated with chemotherapy of MVP regimen , the adverse effects of amifostine ar e mild.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors leading to sudden cardiac death (SCD) of incarcerated prisoners. METHODS: Seventy-five SCD cases of prisoners between 2000 and 2013 in Henan province were collected, and environment, psychological and physical factors were retrospectively analyzed. Combined with histopathological results, specific factors of SCD were also studied. RESULTS: In the 75 cases, 21 cases (28%) had definite chronic past medical histories, and 75 cases (100%) had cardiovascular disease confirmed by autopsy. CONCLUSION Due to presence of the potential cardiac diseases, special incarcerated environment, psychological stress, and body-restraint might be the precipitating factors in SCD of those prisoners.
Autopsy ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Environment ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Prisoners ; Retrospective Studies ; Stress, Psychological