This review is to provide an overview of current situation and advance of abdominal compartment syndrome. Progress has been made in diagnosis and therapy of abdominal compartment syndrome. At present patients who are diagnosed as abdominal compartment syndrome are associated with a high mortality rate. Therefove, it is important to diagnoze and treat the disease early. Surgical treatment of increased intraabdominal pressure leads in most instances to a rapid and profound correction of the physiological abnormalities. Operative treatment is the unique and effective approach of abdominal compartment syndrome.

Objective To evaluate the clinic effect of two kinds of interventional intracavitary closure combined with deligation of varicose veins of lower extremity. Methods Seventy-five sick legs of 68 cases,23 sick legs of 21 cases accepted interventional intracavitary closure combined with high deligation, while 52 sick legs of 47 cases accepted interventional catheter electric coagulation combined with high deligation. Results The average hospitalization time was(2.7±1.4)days, lyins in bed time was 6 hours,12 sick legs(16.0%)suffered superficial skin mild numbness. The follow-up time was(7.3±3.0)months, all the varicose veins were occluded by color Doppler and no local recurrence was found. Conclusion Interventional intracavitary closure is a kind of safe, convenient and effective therapy to varicose veins of lower extremity.

The paper introduces the development and basic concept of virtual reality technology,and reviews the application of virtual reality and augmented reality technology in the aspects of clinical skills training,rehabilitation therapy,psychotherapy and telemedicine.The virtual reality technology will constantly develop in the aspects of disease diagnosis,surgical simulation,telemedicine and health management for improving the service level of medical staff and the treatment experience of patients.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate efficacy of letrozole in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. METHODS:RCTs about letrozole in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women were collected using Cochrane systematic evaluation method by retrieving from Cochrane Library,PubMed,CBMdisc and CNKI. The quality evaluation of those trials and data extraction were performed and Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.0 software. RESULTS:6 RCTs involving 6 316 patients were included. In neoadjuvant endocrine therapy,letrozole was more effective than tamoxifen in PFS but there was no statistical significance in difference of total survival rate;in rescue therapy for recurrence and transform,letrozole was more effective than long-term therapy of tamoxifen in OS,PFS and OR;in new neoadjuvant endocrine therapy before operation,letrozole was more effective than tamoxifen in OR. CONCLUSION:The current evidence shows that letrozole is more effective than tamoxifen for breast cancer in postmenopausal women.More high-quality clinical trials are expected for further study.

Objective To observe the pain behavior of rats with Oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy(OXIPN)and cal‐citonin gene related peptide(CGRP)expression.Methods Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups :normal con‐trol group and model group.Oxaliplatin(20 mg/kg)was injected intraperitoneally to the rats in the model group.Mechanical pain threshold and cold allodynia were detected before and 6 ,24 ,72 h and 7 days after modeling ,respectively.Western blot and im‐munohistochemical method were employed to measure the expression of CGRP in dorsal spinal root ganglion of control group and model group.Results The mechanical pain threshold of modal group rats decreased 6 h after injection of Oxaliplatin as compared with the normal group[(11.6 ± 2.2)g vs. (13.9 ± 3.7)g] ,and decreased with prolongation of time ,reduced to the lowest at 72 h[(3.9 ± 1.4)g]and maintained to day 7 ,and the same trend was found in cold chemical allodynia test.CGRP ex‐pression of dorsal root ganglion increased significantly in the model group rats ,and there was a significant positive correlation between the expression of CGRP and the degree of mechanical pain threshold.Conclusion CGRP plays an important role in Ox‐aliplatin‐induced central sensitization of rats with peripheral neuropathy.

This research explored the rehabilitation of hearing and speech for children with hearing and speech impairments using the theory and method of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. An evaluation system of rehabilitation for children with hearing and speech impairment, which consisted of the functions and structures of cognition and speech, verbal behaviors, activity and participation, and environments, had been developed.

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC)are a class of breast cancer cells that have the capacity of selfrenewal and can differentiate into different cell lineages. These cells, with the ability of high tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis, play a important role in breast cancer metastasis, recurrence and treatment resistance. The treatments targeting on breast cancer stem cells are very important for improving the efficacy of clinical therapy.

Objective To explore the relationship between osteoporosis and chronic vascular complications in elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes and to evaluate its related risk factors.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 428 elderly type 2 diabetic patients.The bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spines (L2 ～L4),femoral neck,Ward's triangle were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry,and chronic vascular complications in patients were tested.The correlation between BMD and chronic vascular complications was analyzed.Results Diabetic course was longer in osteoporosis group than in non-osteoporosis group (P＜0.05).Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PBG) were significantly higher in osteoporosis group than in non-osteoporosis group (P＜ 0.05).The incidences of diabetic nephropathy,diabetic retinopathy,diabetic neuropathy and hypertension were higher in osteoporosis group than in non-osteoporosis group (59.8％ vs.12.0％,41.8％ vs.22.3％,33.6％ vs.24.5％,and 35.7％ vs.26.1％,respectively,all P＜0.05).Logistic analysis showed that diabetic course,FBG and diabetic nephropathy were correlated with diabetic osteoporosis (OR =1.055,1.168,7.401,95％ CI:1.015-1.096,1.073-1.273,4.303-12.727,P=0.007,0.001,0.001).Conclusions Osteoporosis has a close relationship with diabetic microvascular complications in elderly diabetic patients.Diabetic nephropathy plays an important role in the development of diabetic osteoporosis.It is helpful for osteoporosis prevention to early monitor and intervene on microvascular complications index such as urinary albumin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To observe the regulatory effects of the preventive acupuncture and moxibustion at Guanyuan (RN4) points in ovariectomized rats, and discuss the mechanism of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion on hyoathalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis. Methods Totally 48 female SD rats were divided into 5 groups, including normal group, sham operation group, ovariectomized rats group, preventive acupuncture group and preventive moxibustion group. Except normal group and sham operation group, rats were ovariectomized after preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion for 30 d in corresponding groups. ELISA was used to determine the levels of E2, ER, GnRH, FSH and LH in the tissues including hypophysis, hypothalamus and uterus. Results Compared with the normal group, E2, ER and GnRH level in the tissue of the model group was significantly lower (P<0.01), the levels of FSH and LH increased obviously (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, E2, ER and GnRH level of preventive acupuncture group and preventive moxibustion group increased in different degree (P<0.05). FSH and LH level reduced in different degree (P <0.05). There was no obvious difference between preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion group (P>0.05). Conclusions The preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion at Guanyuan (RN4) has benign modulation to disordered HPO axis of ovariectomized rats. The ability of preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion are almost the same.

The esophageal cancer mouse models have three categories:chemical carcinogenesis model,xenograft tumor model and genetic engineering model.Chemical carcinogenesis model can simulate well the pathological processes of human esophageal cancer and is prepared simply.Xenograft tumor model is currently the most commonly used esophageal cancer animal model,which has advantages of rapid tumor formation,higher tumor formation rate and lower cost.Genetic engineering model involves mainly p53,Cyclin D1,Brca1 and p120ctn,and it helps to understand the biological characteristics of tumors,but it is expensive and the preparation time is long.