The 128 patients (78 males, 50 females) managed in the Nephrology Department, Chî RÉy hosptial, were enrolled in this study to compare the classical clearance creatinine 24h with the clearance creatinine estimated by Cockcroft Gault formula. Almost 2/3 patients had glomerular diseases, in which the majority was manifested by the nephritic syndrome. The range of clearance creatinine 24h varied from 0.02 ml/min to 131 ml/min. A good correlation between clearance creatinine/1.73m2 in 24h and estimated clearance creatinine/1.73m2 from Cockroft Gault formula (r=0.89, R2=0.8, p<0.0005), a regression line was drawn. There had a strong correlation in the subgroup of female and subgroup with serum creatinine (3mg% (r=0.985). In conclusion, the Cockroft Gault formula estimated clearance creatinine can be replaced the classical clearance 24h on the evaluation of kidney function in renal disease patients
Kidney ; Kidney Function Tests

PURPOSE: Diuretic (99m)Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-DTPA) renal scans may show false-negative or false-positive results in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). We evaluated whether modified differential renal function (DRF) revised by the renal cross-sectional area on imaging study may be a more valuable predictor than conventional DRF on a renal scan for deciding on a proper interventional time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2001 and January 2008, we reviewed the diuretic renal scan results of 29 pediatric patients who underwent pyeloplasty due to unilateral UPJO. Diuretic renal scans using the standard (99m)Tc-DTPA protocol and imaging studies for renal unit measurement area were done. Conventional DRF measurement and modified calculation of DRF per unit area were done. Conventional DRF was classified into group I (below 40%) and group II (above 40%). RESULTS: The mean age of all patients was 42.6+/-52.6 months (range, 3-198 months). The mean cross-sectional areas of the UPJO kidney and of the normal contralateral kidney were 62.1+/-29.2 cm2 and 41.3+/-22.5 cm2, respectively (p<0.01). The conventional and modified DRF of the UPJO kidney were 45.2+/-9.2% and 35.2+/-9.5%, respectively (p<0.01). Thirteen children (62%) in group II (n=21) were classified in group I by the modified DRF measurement. CONCLUSIONS: The modified DRF measurement calculated according to cross-sectional area showed fewer false-negative results and may be a valuable method for deciding on pyeloplasty under equivocal circumstances.
Child ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Function Tests ; Ureteral Obstruction

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze the changes of postmortem human biochemical indexes. METHODS: Subclavian venous blood samples were collected from 81 cases of traffic fatalities. Thirteen blood biochemical indexes including liver function (ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL), renal function (UA and Cr), cardiac function (CK, CK-MB and LDH), electrolytes (K+, Na+ and Cl-), and glucose (GLU) were tested by Roche cobas c311 automatic biochemical analyzer. The descriptive analysis was made by SPSS 17.0 statistical software. RESULTS: The values of ALT, AST, CK, CK-MB, LDH and K+ were higher than normal reference values with more fluctuations. The values of TBIL, DBIL, UA, Cr, Na+, Cl- and GLU were relatively stable with less fluctuations. CONCLUSION The postmortem human blood biochemical indexes of liver function, renal function, cardiac function, electrolytes and glucose could be affected by the factors, especially hemolysis and autolysis. The biochemical indexes, particularly enzymes, increased significantly with higher standard deviation.
Accidents, Traffic/mortality* ; Autopsy ; Blood Chemical Analysis/methods* ; Heart Function Tests ; Humans ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver Function Tests ; Reference Values

Acute Kidney Injury ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Kidney ; injuries ; Kidney Function Tests ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of different doses of lead acetate (1/20, 1/40 and 1/60 of LD50) on body weight gain, blood picture, plasma protein profile and the function of liver, kidney and thyroid gland.

METHODSMale albino rats were divided into four groups, the first group represented the health control animals, while the second, third and fourth groups were ingested orally with sub lethal doses of lead acetate (1/20, 1/40 and 1/60) of the oral LD50, respectively. One dose was ingested every two days during the experimental period (14 weeks) including the adaptation time. Blood was collected and used for all analysis.

RESULTSThe results showed that, the ingestion of Pb(2+) induced significant stimulation in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease (AST) activity. Also, total soluble protein and albumin contents of plasma were significantly decreased, while the content of globulin was changed by the Pb(2+) treatments. The cholinesterase activity was inhibited, but the activities of alkaline and acid phosphates and lactate dehydrogenase were stimulated, while plasma glucose level was elevated as a result of lead acetate intoxication. In case of blood picture, Pb(2+) ingestion reduced the contents of hemoglobin and RBCs count of intoxicated rat's blood and the plasma levels of T3, T4 and blood WBCs count were decreased.

CONCLUSIONSIt can be concluded that lead acetate has harmful effect on experimental male albino rats. Therefore, the present work advises people to prevent exposure to the lead compound to avoid injurious hazard risk.

Animals ; Blood Cells ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; Kidney Function Tests ; Lead Poisoning ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Organometallic Compounds ; toxicity ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thyroid Function Tests

PURPOSE: Simple cysts are a common structural abnormality in seemingly healthy individuals, but their clinical significance, especially on changes of renal function, remains unknown. We examined whether sporadic cysts can influence changes of renal function in apparent healthy individuals. METHODS: The records from 424 people who underwent two ultrasonographic examinations in a routine check-up at our health promotion center from 2000 to 2003 were reviewed. Patients who had a medical disease were excluded. The healthy individuals (n=199) were divided into two groups according to whether they had renal cysts (cyst group, n=61), or not (control group, n=138). Renal function was evaluated by serum creatinine level (Scr), creatinine clearance (Ccr), using the Cockcroft-Gault equation, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), using the MDRD equation. RESULTS: Individuals in the cyst group were significantly older (44.18+/-7.55, 41.02+/-7.06, p=0.013) and more likely to be male (90.16%, 72.46%, p=0.006) than those without cysts. Compared with the control group, the cyst group had no significant differences in Scr (1.03+/-0.15 mg/dL, 1.08+/-0.11 mg/dL, respectively, p=0.06), in Ccr (82.34+/-13.26 ml/min, 81.00+/-12.6 ml/min, respectively, p=0.56) nor in GFR (84.35+/-11.65 ml/min/1.73m2, 82.47+/-10.27 ml/min/1.73m2, respectively, p=0.38). Furthermore, the parameters for changes of renal function were not significant over three years. Conclusions:The presence of renal cysts was associated with neither renal dysfunction nor a reduction in renal function over three years in Korean individuals without apparent renal disease.
Creatinine ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male

Since 1954. radioisotope renography has been performed as a useful kidney function test in the urological field The author using Hypaque-I which has no liver interference, performed radioisotope renography on 25 cases, in which 10 cases of normal, 5 cases of obstructive uropathy, 7 cases of renal dysfunction, 1 case of acute glomerulonephritis and 2 cases of hypertensive uropathy were included In the normal cases, the Hypaque-I renogram has 3 typical segments, namely vascular segment, functional segment and evacuation phase. The vascular segment begins 8~20 seconds after a rapid intravenous injection of Hypaque-I, lasting 30-40 seconds and occurs the functional segment. The functional segment is completed within 3~10 minuets, having a peak And then, the evacuation phase appears, inclining down rapidly. In the renogram of obstructive uropathy, the vascular and functional segments are almost normal together, but the evacuation phase is either prolonged or increased In the renogram of renal dysfunction, the vascular segment is not only reduced, but also the functional segment is low and the evacuation phase shows a dull inclining curve. In the renogram of acute glomerulonephritis, shows no changes of each segment. The renogram of hypertensive uropathy represents the remarkably lower vascular and functional segments and evacuation phase than those of renal dysfunction. The Hypaque-I renogram has many practical advantage, offering rapid and immediate results, being easily performed, being non-traumatic and innocuous, making each kidney to be tested separately, being able to be repeated frequently, and being free from any preparation and anesthesia of patients.
Anesthesia ; Glomerulonephritis ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver ; Radioisotope Renography

In order to understand survey of medication combined with acupuncture and moxibustion for clinical treatment of renal diseases, clinical application and the mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of renal diseases were summarized by electric retrieval of literature from 1982 to 2007. It is indicated that acupuncture and moxibustion can increase human immunity, reduce urinary protein, improve renal function, antagonize the side-effects of glucocorticoid hormones, etc. and medication combined with acup-moxibustion has the advantages of convenience, lower cost, safety, no adverse effects, etc.
Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; pathology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Kidney Function Tests ; Moxibustion ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Biopsy ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male

In recent years, the concept of "augmented renal clearance" (ARC) has been proposed in the field of critical illness and is defined as enhanced renal clearance of drugs. ARC is considered when the creatinine clearance rate exceeds 130 mL/(min·1.73 m). An increasing number of evidence has shown that ARC is commonly seen in critically ill adults and children. In critically ill children, low drug concentration due to ARC may lead to treatment failure. Unfortunately, ARC is often neglected due to the lack of reliable tools to assess renal function in critically ill children. Therefore, with reference to the articles on ARC in critically ill children, this article reviews the concept of ARC, the pathogenesis of ARC, the influencing factors for ARC, the identification tools for ARC, and the influence of ARC on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of antibacterial agents and clinical outcome, in order to provide a reference for clinical medication.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Creatinine ; Critical Illness ; Humans ; Kidney Function Tests ; Risk Factors