Wistar rats (30 days after birth) were trained by treadmill running for fifteen weeks. The training program consisted of endurance running at a speed of 30 meters per minute, for 30 minutes a day, and 5 days a week. After the training, fiber composition and fiber area of thier leg muscles were histochemically studied.
Samples of the soleus, EDL, and plantaris muscles were stained with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and myosin ATPase, and the muscle fibers were classified into the three types : fast-twitch glycolytic (FG), fast-twitch oxydative glycolytic (FOG), and slow-twitch oxydative (SO) .
The body and muscle weights of the rats in the training group were larger than those of the control group, but the difference was not significant.
After the training, the ratio among the numbers of three fiber types showed no difference between the training and control groups. Also, the average cross-sectional areas of the FG fibers showed no difference between the training and control groups ; however, those of the FOG and SO fibers were 8-11% larger in the training group than in the control group.
These results obtained in the present experiments indicated that the trained rats increased in their fatigue resistivity through the training.

We report a clinical study conducted to investigate the effects of Electric Field Therapy (EFT) generated by HEALTHTRON on the stiffness in the neck and shoulder area. In Japan, most cases of stiffness in the neck and shoulder area are caused by painfully hypertonic muscles due to various causes such as cervical damage, mechanical stress, disordered cutaneous sensation and psychogenic stress. Internal disorders can also be significant causes of the painful stiffness in the neck and shoulder area. Subjects were 62 outpatients with chief complaints of stiffness in the neck and shoulder area. Informed consent was obtained from each subject. The patients with organic and/or pathological changes in the muscloskeletal system, mental disorder, or internal disease were not included in this study according to the exclusion criteria for feasible focus in hypertonic muscles.
The present study consists of two comparisons, 1) standard treatment in our clinic vs. additional HEALTHTRON, by observing the visual analogue scale (VAS) of stiffness in the neck and shoulder area and general condition, lymphocyte percentage in peripheral blood, blood pressure, and 2) HEALTHTRON alone vs. direct-contact electric stimulation (DCES) alone by observing circulatory blood in the trapezium, and the changes of autonomic nervous activity by heart rate variability (HRV). Results of the first research revealed that the stiffness in the neck and shoulder area was improved more quickly by additional HEALTHTRON than by the standard treatment, according to the results of VAS analysis. The general conditions were also improved in the patients treated with the additional HEALTHTRON. The lymphocyte percentage was increased by the addition HEALTHTRON, which suggested that parasympathetic nerve get a predominant position. The average blood pressure in the hypertensive patients in both groups was decreased after the treatment in this investigation, but blood pressure did not change in the patients with hypotension. The second research found that the blood circulation in the trapezium increased in each group treated with HEALTHTRON or DCES; however, the differences between two groups were not statistically significant. No changes in activity of the autonomic regulation were observed in the patients treated with DCES from an analysis of HRV. In contrast, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems were activated by HEALTHTRON, according to HRV analysis. These results suggest that EFT (HEALTHTRON) are effective for treating stiffness in the neck and shoulder area, and improve the status of the autonomic nervous system.

We investigated the effect of season or meteorological phenomena, on chief complaints and disorders of outpatients, by way of clarification of relationship between weather and health. This study covered the new outpatients of our division, and carried out on February '03 and June '03 (February: 72 males, 106 females, aged 49.9±18.5, June: 98 males, 109 females, aged 47.6±19.5). We categorized their clinical data into chief complaints (pain, headache, discomforts, fever, cough, vertigo/stagger, palsy) and disorders (gastrointestinal, mental, inflammatory, orthopedic, infection, respiratory, circulatory, tumorous, urinary, autoimmune/allergic, dental/oral, gynecological), then, compared the clinical data of February with June, in terms of seasonal disease. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between weather data and clinical data of February and June, from a perspective of meteoropathy. The average of meteorological phenomena (air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, velocity of wind, day length, rainfall level) of a week before first visit, were used as weather data. The main results of analysis about seasonal disease, showed that the complaint of discomfort were more frequent in June than February (p=0.005). The orthopedic disorder was more frequent in June than February (p=0.012). Infection was more frequent in February than June (p=0.011). The analyses in terms of meteoropathy, showed that the complaint of cough were more frequent after cold temperature in February (p=0.014). The gastrointestinal disorders were more frequent after humid (p=0.018) and pluvious days (p=0.016) in February. The complaint of headache was liable to be frequent after pluvious weather in June.
The relationship between weather and health is known in the prior an, and our study anew demonstrated the effect of season or meteorological phenomena, on chief complaints and disorders of outpatients, as statistical evidence.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional development characteristics of body composition, lower-leg multi-joint power output and sprint running in non-elite junior and youth soccer players. The leg extension power, counter-movement vertical jump(CMJ), and 30m-sprint time for eighty male soccer players aged 13.8-18.1 yrs were measured. Junior and youth soccer players were compared with sedentary normal identical aged boys. Statistical analysis was used by one-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons of variance were performed on the basis of the Tukey-Kramer HSD test. Statistical significance was accepted at level of p < 0.05. Relative increases from 14 yrs to 18 yrs players were significantly (p < 0.05) indicated; body height (7.7%), leg extension power (87.8%), CMJ (35.3%), 30m-sprint (8.7%). 10m-sprint time was negatively correlated with both leg extension power (r = -0.52) and CMJ (r = -0.60). Comparison of relative values of increase from 14 to 18 yrs in junior and youth soccer players to those in sedentary normal boys were as follows; 2.3 (body height), 2.5 (leg extension power), 3.0 (CMJ), 2.1 (sprint ability). It might be suggested that consistent regular soccer training from junior and youth aged might prompt developmental gains not only largely for lower-leg multi-joint power but also not a little for sprint ability.

We conducted a preliminary study of the facial skin-improving effects of collagen-containing beverages as evaluated by objective indices. After obtaining written informed consent, 61 healthy females (age: 25–68, 34±8 y.o.) were randomly divided into two groups, receiving beverages containing 5 g (N=30) and 10 g (N=31), respectively, of collagen daily for one month. Facial skin moisture content and lower eyelid wrinkles were assessed before, 1 week and 1 month after consuming the test beverages. Results were analyzed of the 5 g and 10 g groups, as well as responder and non-responder groups. 10 g collagen beverages showed 50% effectiveness, and were more effective than the 5 g beverage; the effect was observable within 1 week. Furthermore, subjects with more wrinkles and drier skin showed greater benefit than those with higher facial skin moisture content and/or fewer wrinkles. It is suggested that a beverage containing 10 g collagen should be used for aged subjects with more wrinkles and/or drier skin for a period of 1–2 months in future randomized placebo-controlled trials of collagen-containing beverages.

In order to investigate the effects of fruits granola intake on defecation and quality of life (QOL), 20 females (mean age: 20.0 ± 1.1 y.o.) with frequency of defecation of less than 5 times per week were selected for this open study. Daily intake of 50 g of fruits granola was used as a substitute staple food for 2 weeks, and changes in defecation and QOL were compared before and after the procedure. The results showed that, compared with the pre-intake period, the frequency of defecation and the amount of defecation increased after fruits granola intake (p = 0.014, p = 0.024), and improvement of QOL (p = 0.011) was also observed. We conclude that, a continuous intake of fruits granola can improve defecation, and also improve quality of life.

The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan is planning a pooling system for multiple-choice questions (MCQs) for the national examination for medical practitioners. To clarify possible problems of such a system, a field study was performed by 10 medical schools in Japan using 90 MCQs from previous examinations. Nine hundred twenty-four 6th-year students participated in the field test. For each MCQ, the correct-response rates at the originating school and those obtained in the field test were significantly correlated. Thus, the correct-response rates to questions on the field test could be predicted from the rates at the originating schools. However, for each question the correct-response rate was significantly higher for students of the originating school than for students of other schools. In the national examination, care should be taken to prevent differences in scores on the basis of question sources.

Canine mammary gland tumors (CMGTs), which are the most common neoplasms in sexually intact female dogs, have been suggested as a model for studying human breast cancer because of several similarities, including relative age of onset, risk factors, incidence, histological and molecular features, biological behavior, metastatic pattern, and responses to therapy. In the present study, we established a new cell line, the SNP cell line, from a CMGT. A tumor formed in each NOD.CB17-Prkdc (scid)/J mouse at the site of subcutaneous SNP cell injection. SNP cells are characterized by proliferation in a tubulopapillary pattern and are vimentin positive. Moreover, we examined miRNA expression in the cultured cells and found that the expression values of miRNA-143 and miRNA-138a showed the greatest increase and decrease, respectively, of all miRNAs observed, indicating that these miRNAs might play a significant role in the malignancy of SNP cells. Overall, the results of this study indicate that SNP cells might serve as a model for future genetic analysis and clinical treatments of human breast tumors.
Age of Onset ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor* ; Cells, Cultured ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mammary Glands, Human* ; Mice ; MicroRNAs* ; Risk Factors ; Vimentin