This study was designed to investigate the properties of the three typical kendo practices (kirikaeshi, kakarigeiko, and jigeiko) in terms of changes in urine flow and creatinine excretion after practice events. The subjects were six male university kendo practitioners. They performed four exercises that were three kendo practices and a warming up without a kendo practice as the control, at a separate day respectively. In each exercise, five urine samples were collected continuously as follows: (1) after 30 minutes rest (rest), (2) immediately after warming up (w-up), (3-5) at every 30 minutes after practice event up to 90 minutes (30'--90'-urine) . Two blood sam-ples were collected at the rest period and 5-10 minutes after exercise. The blood lactate concentration after kendo practices rose to 1.09-8.02 times of rest level. The 30'-urine flow tended to decrease than w-up in kirikaeshi, jigeiko and control, but to increase in kakarigeiko. Creatinine concentration of 30'-urine rose significantly in the control, kirikaeshi and jigeiko than w-up, but significantly fell in kakarigeiko. The kakarigeiko brought peculiar changes in 30'-urine. The urinary changes after exercises (30'-urine rest) indicated nonlinear relation with blood lactate change ratios. These results indicate that the kendo practices bring the two-way influences in urinary change, one is diuretic effect accompanied with lactate accumulation in the kakarigeiko, and the other is the antidiuretic effect accompanied with less lactate accumulation in the kirikaeshi and jigeiko.

This study was designed to examine the relationship between exercise diuresis and running load, following seven types of running events by five male athletes, aged 19 to 25 years. None had a history of renal disease.
Informed written consent was obtained from all subjects prior to the study.
1. Compared to the resting levels, significant increases in the urinary volume were observed thirty minutes after performing a 400-meter dash, but not after the other exercises.
2. The changes in creatinine concentration (30 min after exercise/after warm-up) were inversely proportional to the changes in urinary volume, indicating that exercise diuresis depends on the depressed reabsorption of water in the renal tubules.
3. The absence of diuresis after 60 and 100-meter sprints, indicates that the phosphagen system is mainly employed for energy supply.
4. The urinary volumes after 200, 300 and 400-meter dashs highly correlated with the changes in the excretion rate of pyruvate. This suggests that exercise diuresis is related to the lactic system in energy metabolism.
5. The decreased excretion rate of creatinine after 800 and 1, 500-meter runs indicates that GFR is reduced by these exercises. Furthermore, the lactic energy system caused the diuretic effect. Thus, even though secretion of antidiuretic hormones is increased following exercise, their effectiveness is reduced by lactic oxygen deficit.

For revealing the post exercise proteinuria, the variation of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GTP) activities were observed to know the fluctuation of the substances excreted in the urine and the composition of the urinary protein in 4 college athletes aging from 19 to 21 years before and after 10-mile road race.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) During the race and in the early stage of recovery the excretion of creatinine, uric acid, and urea-nitrogen decreased, and in this term clearance in the kidney reduced. More than 60 minutes after the end of the road race, the excretion of these substances returned to the level before the race.
2) The urinary pH value began to increase just after the race, became alkaline at pH more than 7 and less than 8 in all the subjects 30 to 60 minutes after the race, 90 to 120 minutes after the race it returned to level obtained before the race.
3) In the term when the excretion of the substances decreased, as described in the above 1), protein was much excreted, and it gradually decreased in the urine collected 60 to 90 minutes and later after the race, but the level of the excreted protein was still higher than that obtained before the race.
4) The Albumin/Globulin ratio of the urinary protein was low at rest, but in the early stage of recovery it was higher than 1, but in the later stage of recovery it decreased.
5) LAP and γ-GTP activities were also high in the term when protein was much excreted, but gradually decreased following the progress of recovery. LAP activity in the urine collected 120 to 150 minutes after the race recovered nearly to the level before the race, but γ-GTP remained still at a rather high level, and indicated the difference in the composition of the post exercise proteinuria.
6) It was estimated that the post exercise proteinuria would include not only the leaked plasma component caused by increase of the permeability but also some part derived from the renal tissue.

Fourteen female handball players who were candidates for Olympic representative team were asked to run 12 minutes, and the relationship between the variation of the urinary components and the variations of the running speed and the heart beats was researched.
The obtained results in short are in the following:
1) The covered distance of the 12-minute running was from 2, 385 meters to 3, 050 meters, and the average was 2, 830±196.6 meters.
2) The heart beat rate quickly recovered for about 5 minutes after running, and then gradually reduced; after 30 minutes the rate was considerably higher than the level before the running in many cases.
3) The urinary volume was obviously less after the running than that before it.
4) The 1-hour after urine including the running time contained much pyruvates and lactates exhausted therein, and then the excretion amount reduced to the previous level. The ratios of Pyruvic acid/Creatinine and Lactic acid/Creatinine showed similar tendencies. The ratio of Pyruvic acid/Creatinine before the running against that after the running showed positive correlation with the running speed more than 230m/min., but showed a negative correlation clearly with the recovering rate of the heart beat after 30 minutes being higher than 60%. It suggests that the excretion of urinary pyruvate increase with more anaerobic factors for energy production under the conditions of the higher speed running and the larger oxygen debt.
5) The urinary citrate obviously decreased just after the running, but in recovered considerably in the urine obtained after 2 hours. The ratio of Citric acid/Creatinine was low just after the running. The variations appears not to be simply due to the reduction of renal clearance.
6) The urinary creatinine tended to reduce in the urine obtained 1-hour after the running, and particularly with the urinary pyruvate more than 50μg/ml there was observed clear negative correlation with creatinine which showed lower concentration with more anaerobic factors; it suggests some reduction of renal clearance.