AIM: To observe the effect of ligustrazine on the calcium contents and calmodulin activity of lung tissue in rats of the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: Thirty-two SD rats were replicated into pulmonary fibrosis models by intratracheal injection of bleomycin A 5 in one lump and were divided into two groups randomly, untreated model group (n=16) and ligustrazine group(n=16). The calcium contents and calmodulin activity of the lung of the rats of each group were assayed on d 14, d 28 after the injection and compared with control group (n=8). RESULTS: The calcium contents and calmodulin activity of model group were obviously higher than control group (P

Objective To explore the changes of several sero-enzyme activity including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),creeatine phosphatase kinase (CPK) and its isoenzyme (CK-MB),?-hdroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) in patients with chronic cor disease and its clinical significance. Methods The sera LDH,AST,ALT,CPK,CPK-MB and HBDH from 15 healthy controls and 61 patients with chronic cor disease were examined before and after treatment.CPK-MB/CPK and HBDH/LDH were calculated and simultaneously the blood gas analysis was performed. Results In experimental group all the sera enzymes contents before treatment were significantly higher than those after treatment (P

ObjectiveThe study was designed to understand the education training situation and demand of rural doctors,identify problems in training and provide theoretical basis for the relevant government departments to further the development of rural doctors education,explore the pattem of ru ral health education and improve the effectiveness of training.MethodsThe participants were a sample of rural doctors among the east and center-west region in China (Beijing Municipality,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hainan,Shanxi,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Guizhou,Yunan and Gansu).20 288questionnaires were issued,18 259 of them were taken back,which occupied 90.1％ recovery rate.Group interview method and stratification-cluster sample method were conducted in the Cross-sectional study.Results70.2％ were male doctors,with an average age of 44.3 ±10.9 years,63.0％ of whom received technical school education and technical secondary school Training time was mainly less than 12 days per year (48.8％),training content was mainly about clinical skills(80.6％),and traning mode was mainly conference traning (56.6％).There was a certain gap between training status and demand.ConclusionThe on-site clinically guide-based,comprehensive and short-term non-job training should be demand-orientedly carried out aiming at young doctors in rural areas.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for prehospital delay in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods A total of 807 consecutive patients with AMI who presented to the emergency department of Beijing Anzhen Hospital were analyzed. The influence of several potential risk factors on the prehospital delay time (PDT) was evaluated by comparing patients admitted more than 2 hours after onset of chese pain with those admitted within 2 hours after onset. Results Among 807 patients, 402 came to the hospital within 2 hours while the others arrived at the hospital after 2 hours. The median PDT was 130 min. Among the potential variables, advanced age, history of diabetes mellitus, occurrence of symptom at night and use of emergency medical service significantly affected PDT by multivariate analysis. Conclusion Interventions aimed at reducing the prehospital delay in AMI should primarily focus on the awareness of the risk and help-seeking behavior of patients.

Objective To study the relationships of health risk factors and health-related presenteeism in medical personnel of a tertiary grade A hospital. Methods A literature review and expert consultation were used to identify 14 health risk factors included in the survey, and the Michigan's Health Risk Appraisal Questionnaire was modified. Medical personnel of a tertiary grade A hospital in Beijing were selected for this cross-sectional study, including doctors, nurses, medical technicians, pharmacists, as well as scientific researchers, and staff members responsible for education, medical affairs, journal editors and other work. Physical measurement and questionnaire survey were conducted to collect demographic data, distribution of health risk factors of medical staff, and productivity information. Results Among 14 health risk factors, pressure or stress had the highest proportion (80.2%), followed by poor quality of sleep (63.7%), high blood lipid (33.8%), low physical activity (30.9%), and unreasonable diet (29.6%). Medical staff of different ages( c 2=16.141, P=0.001) and different occupations( c 2=15.982, P=0.003) had different probability of presenteeism. Medical staff under 30 years of age were most likely to be presenteeism (38.3%). The probability of presenteeism in nurse was the highest(56.2%). Under a high pressure and taking relax medicine seemed more likely to be presenteeism. Conclusion In the 14 kinds of health risk factors, pressure and taking relax medicine in medical staff may be associated with health-related presenteeism.

Objective To study about the cardiac function of the mice suffering from sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) so as to probe the physiopathologic mechanism of the cardiac dysfunction of the mice.Method Sixty male C57BL/6 mice of eight weeks old were randomly (random number) divided into four groups:one control group (n =15) and three experimental groups (n =15 in each group).The mice of control group received intra-peritoneal injection of normal saline (10 mg/kg) while the mice of experimental groups got intra-peritoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg).The cardiac function of mice (n =12) was determined by echocardiography 6 h,12 h and 24 h later,respectively.The heart,kidney and lung tissues of mice (n =6) were stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining after embedding with paraffin for observing the histopathological changes under optic microscopy.The expressions of PECAM-1 and α-SMA of the heart tissue of mice (n =3) in three groups determined by immunohistochemical method.The RT-PCR method was used to test the expressions of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and HIF-α (hypoxia-inducible factor) of the myocardium of mice.In addition,the Western blot method was employed to test the levels of p53 and HIF-1α proteins in myocardium of mice,while ELISA was utilized to detect the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the interleukin-6 (IL-6).The data were analyzed by independent samples of t-test and one-way ANOVA respectively.Results The experiment result proved that the thickness of anterior wall of left ventricle of mice during systolic and diastolic periods increased and the inner diameter of the left ventricle also increased during the diastolic period in mice of the experimental group,while the stroke volume decreased compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The immunohistochemical method showed that the new vessels of the mice' s heart in experimental groups increased compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).RT-PCR showed the expressions of VEGF and HIF-1α of the mice heart of experimental group increased (P ＜ 0.05) and Western blot showed the levels of HIF-1 α and p53 proteins in experimental groups increased significantly compared with the control group.The experimental group had higher levds of VEGF,HIF-1α,and IL-6 were evidenced by using ELISA than those of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The lipopolysaccharide can lead to cardiac dysfunction.In this process,myocardium angiogenesis and apoptosis phenomenon coexists,as VEGF and HIF-1α participating in angiogenesis,whereas BAX and p53 playing a role in the process of apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the current situation of clinical practice of nosocomial infection on nurses from medical institutions so as to provide evidences for policy administrative department to formulate nursing-related nosocomial infection prevention and control, and implement best practice for nosocomial infection.Methods Epidemic disease cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2015. Nosocomial Infection Specialized Committee of Chinese Nursing Association organized medical institution of each province and city, municipality and direct-controlled municipality to carry out investigation at a random date. The investigation content included basic information medical institutions and nursing staffs and three key sites of nosocomial infection (catheter-related bloodstream infection, catheter-associated urinary tract infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia).Results A total of 122 medical institutions from 15 provinces and cities/municipalities/direct-controlled municipalities were involved in the investigation. A number of 11437 questionnaires were collected. On the investigation day, the utilization rates of central venous catheter (CVC), indwelling catheter, trachea cannula/ tracheotomy breathing machine were 2.7%, 4.3% and 1.0%. In terms of patients with indwelling central venous catheter, 44.2% patients had the catheter position of subclavian vein; the proportion of using chlorhexidine sanitizer for puncture skin sterilization was 5.4%; the proportion of no indication and non-renewal of catheter was 41.2%. In terms of patients with indwelling catheter, the proportion of collecting urine sample via cutting off the connection between catheter and urine collection bag was 39.0%; the proportion of patients with conducted bladder irrigation was 22.1%. In terms of patients with trachea cannula/tracheotomy breathing machine, 68.7% of patients used semi-reclining position; the proportion of using chlorhexidine oral cavity solution was 40.1%.Conclusions "Distance" and "gap" exist in clinical practice and best infectious control practice. The sanitation administrative department should formulate corresponding policy and index system to carry out the best clinical practice of nosocomial infection prevention and control on nursing staff.

Objective To study the nursing status of the patients with mechanical ventilation in China. With the reference literature and guidelines, seeking and providing the best evidence and the basis for best practice nursing about mechanical ventilation. Methods We use the convenience sampling method that under the organization and call of the hospital infection nursing professional committee from China nursing association from July to September 2015. 87 hospitals of 13 provinces were selected, and the self-designed questionnaires were used to survey the status of 948 patients with mechanical ventilation. Results For the position management, 26.9% of patients were supine position;69.6% of patients used semireclining position;26.9% of patients had orders about position management. For the oral nursing, 4.0% of patients were 1 times/day;49.7%of patients were 2 times/day;43. 7% of patients were 3 to 4 times/day; 37. 5% of patients used chlorhexidine solution to cleaning the oral cavity;39.3% of patients used normal saline; 84.8% of patients had orders about oral care. For the airbags secretion clean, 78.6% of patients used methods to attract the airbags secretion. For the replace the outside line, 77.8% of patients were 1time/week;5.4% of patients were 1 time/2 weeks;1.1%of patients were 1time/4weeks;3.8% of patients were no indications and no replacement. For the prevention of peptic ulcer, 56.5% of patients used medicine to prevent peptic ulcer. Conclusions Clinical nurses hadn′t achieve unified norms and standards in nursing for patients with mechanical ventilation. There was also existing great gap between guideline recommendations and clinical practice. Currently, the biggest challenge of clinical workers is how to introduce the best evidence to clinic effectively.

Objective To observe the role of dendritic cells (DC) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial dysfunction in mice. Methods Eighty wild type male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups, according to random number table method: sham group, DC inhibitors in control group (VAG539-sham group), LPS sepsis model group (LPS group) and DC inhibitors pretreatment group (VAG539-LPS group), 20 in each group. The cardiac dysfunction model of sepsis mice was established by LPS intraperitoneal injection; the sham group was injected with the same dose of normal saline. VAG539-sham group and VAG539-LPS group were injected with the DC inhibitor VAG539 (30 mg/kg, twice per day, for 2 days) before injection with normal saline or LPS, respectively. Ten mice in each group were used to observe the 14-day survival rate. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the remaining 10 mice was measured through the small animal tail artery cannula; the cardiac function [including the heart rate (HR), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and short axial shortening rate (FS)] were evaluated by small animal echocardiography; the aggregation and maturation of myocardial DC were detected by flow cytometry; and serum inflammatory factors [including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-12, IL-6)] were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with sham group, the 14-day cumulative survival rate in LPS group was significantly reduced, while HR, MAP, LVEF and FS were significantly decreased, and the number of DC in myocardial tissues was significantly increased, and the levels of serum inflammatory factors were increased significantly. The 14-day cumulative survival rate in VAG539-LPS group was significantly higher than that in the LPS group (55% vs. 15%, P < 0.05). Compared with LPS group, after pretreatment by VAG539, the HR, MAP, LVEF and FS were significantly increased [HR (bpm): 610±25 vs. 556±28, MAP (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 68±6 vs. 42±2, LVEF: 0.48±0.02 vs. 0.30±0.03, FS: (34±3)% vs. (14±2)%, P < 0.05]; the number of DC in myocardial tissue was significantly decreased from 6.5% to 3.7%; the level of serum inflammatory factors were significantly decreased [TNF-α(ng/L): 192.00±25.45 vs. 291.34±23.12, IL-12 (ng/L): 58.44±12.37 vs. 78.43±11.24, IL-6 (ng/L): 46.97±8.12 vs. 149.12±15.45, all P <0.05]. Conclusion Sepsis can cause cardiac dysfunction, and it can play an important role by inhibiting the DC cell function of myocardium and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors.

Elderly patients with COVID-19 are at high risk of nosocomial infection due to the factors such as advanced age, frequent invasive operations, extensive use of antimicrobial agents, and lower compliance of medical staff to implement hospital infection control measures during epidemic prevention and control. During the COVID-19 epidemic, on the basis of actively treating patients, we should pay attention to the prevention and control of nosocomial infection in elderly patients, and strictly prevent and control the aggregation and outbreak of nosocomial infection.