The number of people needed to accept radiotherapy is increasing with the higher incidence of tumor,and the continuous development of radiation therapy technology has extended the longterm survival of patients.Avoiding the occurrence of radiation damage is particularly important.Since NF-κB plays an important role in gene transcription and regulation of radiation damage,this article introduced the structure,activation and function of NF-κB,reviewed the findings of NF-κB alterations in radiation injuries of brain and lung,and sketched the studies of NF-κB inhibitor.

0.05) while the active-rosette rate of T lymphocyte was markedly declined(P0.05). Yeast rosette rate of RBC C_3b receptor, as an active index of immunity of RBC, can serve as an indicator of patient's immune fuction and also can be reference for judging treatment effect and prognosis of a disease just as active rosette rate of T lymphocyte can do.

Objective To analyze factors affecting the expenses of inpatients and their comprehensive force of influence so as to check irrational increases of medical expenses. Methods Data on hospitalization expenses for disease entities ranking in the first ten places in a third tier hospital in 1997 were taken as samples and a statistical analysis was conducted of the medical expenses incurred in the discharged cases by means of the nerve network model. Results Major factors affecting hospitalization expenses were days of hospitalization, pre hospitalization conditions, pre operation length of stay and age, the comprehensive force of influence of which was respectively 0 4879 , 0 2124 , 0 1847 and 0 0612 . Conclusion To check the irrational increases of medical expenses, we must focus our efforts on the reduction of expenses for medicine and shorten days of hospitalization and pre operation length of stay.

Objective To evaluate the screening effect of OSTA in Chinese post-menopausal women, to provide suggestions for the further development of OP screening in mainland China. Methods With the data from Chinese Database of Bone Mineral Density of Chinese women aged 50 years old and above, each subject was calculated a OSTA score by the formula of OSTA and classified into three risk levels (the normal, the osteopenia and the osteoporosis) or two groups (the low and the high risk) by the original cutoffs, and compared with results by T-score. A series of screening indexes, such as sensitivity, specificity, kappa value and ROC etc., were employed to compare and analyze the diagnosis results of OSTA with T-score from the femoral neck bone density. Results According to the 3 levels by original cutoffs, the Kappa value was 0.357 (P

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) during brain injury of irradiated rats.Methods According to the random number table method,82 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups:50 rats in the irradiation group and the other 32 rats in the control group given sham-irradiation.The whole brains of rats in the irradiation group were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy electron beam to establish an animal model of radiation-induced brain injury.All brain tissues were respectively taken out 1,3,7,14 and 28 d after irradiation.The quantificational real-time-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of the NF-κB mRNA while the expression of NF-κB protein was analyzed by ELISA and Western blot.The positioning expression of NF-κB protein in the hippocampus was measured with immunohistochemical staining.Results In the irradiation group,the expression of NF-κB mRNA significantly increased at 3 and 7 d following irradiation (t =37.79,35.30,P ＜ 0.05) and it approached a peak value on the third day following irradiation.The expression of NF-κB protein in whole brain tissues after irradiation was up-regulated and reached a peak on the first day post-irradiation and it was significantly higher than controls at 1,3,7,14 d after irradiation (t =30.94,14.87,27.17,13.27,P ＜ 0.05) then declined and dropped to the normal level by 28 d.The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of NF-κB positive cells in the hippocampus increased at 1,3 and 7 d following irradiation (t =-8.49,-4.47,-3.46,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After irradiation,the expressions of NF-κB mRNA and corresponding protein first increase and then later decrease,which promotes the development of brain injury.

Objective To evaluate the effect of infiltration anesthesia at Calot's triangle on postoperative analgesia in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods One hundred and forty patients,aged 18-64 yr,with 18 kg/m2 ≤ body mass index ≤ 31 kg/m2,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =70 each):control group (group A) and infiltration anesthesia at Calot's triangle group (group B).In group B,1％ ropivacaine 10 ml was injected into Calot's triangle before dissection of the gallbladder,while the equal volume of normal saline was injected into Calot's triangle in group A.The patients in both groups received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) for 48 h starting from 10 min before the end of surgery.The VAS score was maintained below 4 during PCIA.When VAS score ≥ 4,lasting for more than 30 min,tramadol 1.5 mg/kg was injected intravenously.The consumption of physic liquor for PCIA,and requirement for tramadol were recorded.The incidence of puncture-related damage to Calot's triangle and local anesthetic intoxication and adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting within 48 h after surgery were also recorded.The first postoperative flatus time was recorded.Results Compared with group A,the consumption of physic liquor for PCIA,requirement for tramadol,and consumption of tramadol were significantly reduced,and no significant change was found in the incidence of nausea and vomiting and the first postoperative flatus time in group B.No puncture-related damage to Calot's triangle occurred in A and B groups.There was no local anesthetic intoxication in group B.Conclusion Infiltration anesthesia at Calot's triangle can optimize postoperative analgesia in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial distribution and antibiotic resistance situation with urinary tract infection(UTI) for the guidance of rational use of antibiotics.METHODS The antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates from urinary tract infection from Mar 2005 to Jul 2006 was analyzed. RESULTS The most common pathogens in urinary tract infection were Escherichia coli(50.2%),Enterococcus(14.4%),Staphyloccus aureus(8.7%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(7.3%),and Proteus mirabilis(3.9%).E.coli,K.pneumoniae,and P.mirabilis were found to be highly resistant to ampicillin,quinolones and SMZ(70.6-100.0%).Enterococcus were highly resistant to penicillin and quinolones(81.0-96.8%).41.4% of E.coli and 31.3% of K.pneumoniae isolates produced ESBLs.HLGR-Enterococcus were 79.4%.78.9% S.aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin.CONCLUSIONS The high antibiotic resistance of commonly encountered pathogens is a serious problem and much attention should be paid to detect pathogens and their antibiotic resistance.

Objective To analyze the correlation between three evaluation methods of middle cerebral artery occlu -sion and focal cerebral ischemia , and to explore a new method and standard for the evaluation of the model .Method Thirty healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group ( n=20 ) and model group .According to Zea-Longa procedure ,we established the disease model to detect the changes in cerebral blood flow before and after sur -gery.The resulted cerebral infarction area was taken as gold standards .Then we analyzed the correlation between the standards and the changes in cerebral blood flow .Results The changes of infarction area ratio were positively correlated with the changes of cerebral blood flow in the model rats .Conclusions The changes of rat cerebral blood flow can be used to evaluate whether the cerebral ischemia model is successful or not .

Objective X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a genetically determined disorder that is characterized by demyelination of central nervous system,and impaired adrenal cortex and abnormal accumulation of very long chain fatty acids in body fluid and tissue.The clinical manifestation,biochemical change,and magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed.Methods Clinical data of 11 cases with X-ALD were summarized and analyzed,including symptoms,signs,and inspection result.Relevant literature was reviewed.Results All cases were males,whose average onset age was (7.2 ± 4.7) year-old.It was (2.4 ± 1.9) years that the mean interval appears from onset to diagnosis.Six cases were with onset of adrenal insufficiency (AI),remaining 5 onset neural symptoms,where plasma very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) was tested in 6 patients,all with abnormally high levels and brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) showed demyelination of cerebral white matter in 9 ones.Conclusions ALD is a X-linked genetically determined disorder that mainly affects the nervous system and adrenal gland.Plasma VLCFA test,ALD gene test,and cerebral MRI are reliable diagnostic methods.Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy would improve survival and neurological outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics,treatment,outcome and complications of child and adolescent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods From January 1970 to April 1997, the records of 145 NPC patients younger than 21 years of age were reviewed. The clinical stages according to 92'Chinese NPC Staging System were :stageⅠin 1, Ⅱin 8, Ⅲ in 79 and Ⅳ in 57. All patients were treated with external beam radiotherapy. Before 1988, parallel opposed lateral pre-auricular portals were chiefly used in 75 patients and after 1988, parallel opposed lateral facio-cervical portals were adopted in 70. The radiation dose to the primary tumor ranged 45-80?Gy: 70?Gy in 50 cases and 32 of them also received chemotherapy. Results Distant metastasis developed in 26 cases, while local and/or regional recurrence in 14. The actuarial overall survival rates of 1-, 3-, 5, and 10-years were 96.3%, 79.9%, 76.5% and 69.4%, respectively. Among 45 dead cases, 16 did so of metastasis, 11 of local and/or regional recurrence and 18 of other reasons. Univariate analysis suggested that clinical stage, size and site of involved lymph nodes, skull base involvement were significant prognostic factors of survival, whereas sex、age、dose、therapeutic method and chemotherapy were not. Conclusions 1. Even though the majority of pediatric and adolescent NPC were advanced, it signifies a relatively good survival. 2. As the normal tissue of pediatric and adolescent patients tolerates radiation poorly, prudence should be meticulously practiced in deciding the radiation dose and radiotherapeutic fields.