After the implementation of health education for schistosomiasis control among floating population in Cixi City, Zhejiang Province, the awareness rate of knowledge on schistosomiasis control and correct behavior rate of floating population increased from 33.5% and 34.5% to 90.1% and 93. 2% , respectively, and the initiative examined rate of floating population increased obviously.

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics,outcome and prognostic factors of primary intraspinal tumor treated with postoperative radiotherapy.Methods Thirty-three patients diagnosed as suffering from intraspinal tumor treated with postoperative radiotherapy were analyzed.There were eighteen male and fifteen female,with a median age of 37 years(range 7-64 years).Two patients were treated with grossly total resection,25 subtotal resection,2 biopsy only.These patients were treated either with(~(60)Co)(n =18,before 1998) or 6?MV-X ray(n =15,after 1998) to the total dose of 45-68?Gy.The overall response and survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and the difference between groups was tested by the log-rank method.The prognostic factors related to the characteristics of patient,tumor,and treatment were determined.Results The overall response,five-year and disease-free survival rate was 81.3%,59.4% and 56.3%,respectively.By multivariate analysis,the histological type(P= 0.039) and gender(P= 0.049) had independent impact on the 5-year survival rate.Ependymoma had a better prognosis compared to other histological subsets and female gained more survival advantage over male.There was no close relationship between survival and other factors,such as age,extent of surgery,initial site,irradiation dose,or the interval between surgery and radiotherapy.Conclusions Postoperative radiotherapy is safe and effective for primary intraspinal tumor.The histological type and gender are important prognostic factors of survival in primary intraspinal tumors.

Objective To analyze the curative effects,late phase reactions and their prognostic factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with radiotherapy.Methods Retrospective analysis was made for 246 cases of NPC which were confirmed by pathological diagnosis and with complete follow-up data in the first affiliated hospital of Soochow university.Kaplan-Meier method was used for analysis of survival rate and the log rank method was used to compare the survival between groups.Cox regression was used for analysing the prognostic factors.Logistic regression was used for analysing the factors which affect the late phase reactions.Results The follow-up rate was 94.6％.The 1-year,3-year,5-year overall survival (OS) were 97.97％,81.82％,67.85％.The 1-year,3-year,5-year progression-free survival (PFS) were 83.33％,70.00％,39.29％ respectively.Age (x2=6.604,P=0.010),T stage (x2 =3.670,P=0.050),N stage (x2=19.658,P =0.001) and the clinical stage (x2 =4.626,P =0.031) were the prognostic factors for the OS.Cox multi-variate analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors for the OS were clinical stage and age.Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors for the late phase reactions were age and rehabilitation time.Conclusion The main factors for the long term survival of NPC patients after radiotherapy are early TNM stage and young age.Patients with younger age and longer rehabilitation time have lower incidence of late phase reactions.

The curriculum of oncology radiotherapy covers basic radiology,clinical oncology and other aspects.With the development of new radiation therapy technology and the extensive application of computer technology in the field of radiotherapy,the traditional lecture-based teaching model has not adapted to the rapid development of the needs of oncology radiotherapy any more.Teachers in the first affiliated hospital of Soochow university integrated computer multimedia with problem-based learning in the teaching of oncology radiotherapy.With those innovations,the quality of teaching as well as the creative and self-learning abilities of students have been enhanced.

Seventy-one patients with variant angina (VA) admitted in the Cardiology Department from January 2003 to March 2011,were divided into non-stenosis group (stenosis ＜ 50％,n =43) and stenosis group (stenosis ≥50％,n =28) according to the degree of stenosis.The differences of the risk factors,clinical manifestations,electrocardiogram,echocardiogram and laboratory examinations between these two groups were compared.The average age of patients in stenosis group 58 ± 8 y was higher than that in non-stenosis group (52 ± 9 y,t =2.43,P =0.02).Other risk factors,including male gender,smoking,hypertension,diabetes mellitus and lipid disorder did not show any differences between the two groups.Percentage of patients with angina pectoris lasting less than 5 min was higher in stenosis group (x2 =5.98,P =0.02),while percentage of effort angina,seeking medical consultation ≤ 6 months of onset and hemodynamic disorders showed no difference.Laboratory examinations had no differences.It is difficult to determine whether the VA patient has fixed coronary stenosis by analyzing the risk factors,clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations; to determine the fixed coronary stenosis coronary angiography is necessary.

Five patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis admitted to Taihe hospital from 2006 to 2008, were treated by whole lung lavage under intravenous anesthesia, the clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The patients were followed up for 2 to 20 months, and their symptoms and pulmonary function were improved significantly after lung lavage treatment. Our experiences showed that lung lavage with intravenous anesthesia is the most effective treatment for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO) gene on radiosensitivity of human glioma cell A172 and investigate its potential mechanism by changing the expression of FTO gene.Methods Cells were divided into five groups according to their FTO protein expression level.The normal expression group was recorded as A172 Group,the low-expression and its negative control group was A172/siRNA and A172/NC Group,and the over-expression and its negative control group was A172/FTO and A172/PC group.FTO protein expressions were assayed by Western blot in A172 Group after irradiation.Clonogenic assay was executed to evaluate the relationship between FTO gene and radiosensitivity.Immunofluorescence and Western blot assay were applied to detect the proteins of DNA damage and repair.Results FTO protein expression level in A172 Group was significantly related to the irradiation dose and the time post-irradiation.The radiosensitization ratio (SERD0) of A172/siRNA and A172/FTO group were 1.829 and 0.812 respectively.Not only the number of γ-H2AX foci increased (t =-21.884,P ＜ 0.05) in A172/siRNA 1 h post-irradiation but the decreases of p-p95/NBS1 and Ku80 proteins were also detected (t =24.731,23.293,P ＜ 0.05) together with the increase of Rad50 protein (t =3.140,P ＜ 0.05).But the expressions of these proteins in A172/FTO group were opposite to the above phenomenon (t =0.642,-8.364,26.829,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions FTO gene is a radiation-resistant gene,which may because the regulation of FTO gene could alter the primary injury and DNA damage repair in the irradiated tumor cells.

Objective Based on the published articles,this paper aims to study the pattern and probability of lymph nodes metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and establish a radiotherapy standard for selecting and delineation of clinical target volume of neck lymphatics for NPC patients with N0 or N1.Methods Clinical trials about NPC by MRI as the main or only diagnostic imaging way were collected and extracted from database,such as WanFang,CBM,PubMed,Cochrane Library.Statistical analyses were performed using Stata software,version 12.0.Results Twenty-one clinical trials from 963 original articles were included in this analysis.The most commonly involved regions included retropharyngeal (67％) and level Ⅱ lymph nodes (71％).The overall probability of levels Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴnodal involvement were 37％,14％ and 21％,respectively.Low-risk node groups included levels ⅠA,ⅠB,Ⅵ nodes,and the rates of lymph node metastasis were 0,2％,2％ and 1％,respectively.Nodal metastases followed an orderly pattern of top-down,and the probability of skip metastasis between levels varied between 0.5％ ～7.9％.Conclusion Lymph node metastasis in NPC follows a predictable and orderly pattern.The rarity of metastasis in certain nodal groups andskip metastasis suggest that reduced treatment volume is feasible in conformal radiotherapy for NPC patients with No or N1.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of VEGF mRNA and protein in the injured brain of rats irradiated by 20 Gy of electron beams.Methods A total of 114 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups,42 rats in sham group with sham-irradiation,and the other 72 rats in irradiation group that the whole brains of rats were administered with a single dose of 20 Gy electron beam (6 MeV) to establish an animal model of radiation-induced brain injury.All rats were terminated at 1,3,7,14,28,42,56 d post-irradiation respectively.The pathological changes were observed with light microscopies.Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to measure the level of VEGF mRNA in the brain tissue.The expression of VEGF protein in whole brain tissue was detected with Western blot.The VEGF protein expression in brain endothelium,gliacyte and neuron were measured via immunohistoehemistry with computerized image processing.Results The pathological process of radiationinduced brain injury (RBI) included brain endothelial cell damage,brain edema,thrombosis formation and ablation,revascularization and angiogenesis.In the irradiation group,the expression of VEGF mRNA was declined significantly at 1,3,7,2g,42 d post-irradiation (t =16.275-46.118,P ＜ 0.05).The VEGF protein expression in whole brain tissue was up-regulated at 1 and 7 d after irradiation,but downregulated at 3,14,28,42,56 d post-irradiation.There were VEGF positive cells in the brain endothelium,gliacyte and neuron at 1 d after irradiation.The expression of VEGF protein in gliacyte and neuron significantly was increased at 1,14,42,56 d post-irradiation (t =-8.394--4.697,P ＜ 0.05),and increased significantly in brain endothelial cells at 1,14,and 42 d after irradiation (t =-5.554--4.159,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of VEGF mRNA was relatively suppressed in RBI rats.The expression of VEGF protein in whole brain tissue was up-regulated only at the early stage of RBI.The expressions of VEGF protein in brain endothelium,gliacyte and neuron were increased in the observation period,which induced brain edema and the formation of thrombosis at the acute RBI stage,and participated in the progression of angiogenesis and thrombosis ablation at the early-delayed RBI stage.

Objective To compare the radiosensitivity effect of celecoxib on oln93 and u373 cells,and to explore the related mechanism.Methods Both oln93 cells and u373 cells were respectively divided into control group,drug group,radiation group and combined group when treated with celecoxib and irradiation.Cell survival ratio was evaluated by MTT assay and clogenic assay.Flow cytometry and Western blot assay were used to measure cell cycle and protein expression.Results Celecoxib had a similar effect on oln93 and u373 cells in enhancing the radiosensitivity (t =2.215-30.996,P ＜ 0.05 ; t =0.383-11.732,P＜0.05)and blocking cellcycle in G0/G1(t=-6.1-5.141,P＜0.05).Compared with the radiation group,the combined group showed S phase arrest(t =-18.174,P ＜ 0.05),and increase of Cyclin A protein (t =-8.087,P ＜ 0.05) in oln93 cells,and G2/M arrest and decrease of Cyclin B1 and DNA-PKcs and MRE11 protein (t =-8.838-10.45,P ＜ 0.05) in u373 cells.Conclusions Celecoxib illustrates a more sensitive radiosensitivity to u373 cells by regulating its cell cycle and DNA damage repair.