Prophylactic cranial irradiation is an effective means of dealing with brain metastasis of cancer,which can reduce the incidence of brain metastasis by killing the micrometastasis and then improve the prognosis.The effectiveness has been verified in small cell lung cancer,but the application is still in the exploration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and breast cancer.Prophylactic cranial irradiation is expected to become the conventional treatment for patients with NSCLC of ⅢA-N2 stage after operation and adjuvant chemotherapy or breast cancer of epithelial growth factor receptor-positive after receiving trastuzumab.

The paper stated several typical problems in the medical charges,such as be short of considerate service,low quality but high price, abuse expensence medicine etc. the author forther proposed some countermeasures including respection to patient's health and making facts, right,implement of standardization manag ement by Health Ministry,enhanuing moral eductation and marco-controlling the price of medicines, etc. Only through theoe counfermeasures,may health service have more full emotional and humanisium spirit.

Objective To investigate formalin-induced nociceptive behavior and c-fos expression of interbrain following stellate ganglionic block (SGB) in rabbits. Methods Catheters were inserted closely to right stellate ganglia in rabbits by operation.One week later,twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, each group containing 8 animals. groups A,B and C received 0.5ml of normal saline,3% formalin and 3% formalin stimulation by intraplantar injection , respectively. 10 minutes before stimulation,0.5 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was administered via the catheter in group B, while in groups A and C 0.5 ml of normal saline was applied. Nociceptive behavior was observed for 1 hour using weighted pain score. 2 hours after stimulation, whole interbrain was removed to immunohistochemically detect the expression of c-fos. Results Formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in phase 2 was relieved following SGB, c-fos expression level of hypothalamus in group B was significantly lower than that in group C(P0.05). Conclusion SGB could relieve formalin-induced nociceptive behavior, and downregulate formalin-induced c-fos expression of hypothalamus, which may be related to the mechanisms of SGB for the treatment of inflammatory pain.

Objective To compare the effects of propofol intravenous balanced anesthesia with infusion of remifentanil combined with fentanyl to simple infusion of remifentanil or fentanyl during laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods Sixty patients scheduled for LC were randomly divided into three groups(n=20): simple remifentanil group(R),remifentanil combined with fentanyl group(RF) and simple fentanyl group(F).Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR) and SpO2 during the anesthesia induction phage,maintenance phage and analepsia phage,the recovery time of spontaneously breathing and consciousness from withdrawal,extubation time,pain score(verbral report score,VRS) and conscious state score(observers assessment of alertness/sedation scale,OAAS) at instant,1 h,3 h,7 h,12 h after extubation and complications of analepsia phage were recorded.Results As compared with the RF Group,the F Group and pre-induction intro-group,the R Group showed lower MAP and quicker HR when induction intubation,higher MPA and quicker HR after operation,and no obvious difference in maintenance phage was found.MAP and HR showed no obvious difference between the RF and F Group as well as within groups in induction and maintenance phage.MAP increased and HR became quicker in the RF Group when extubating and leaving operating room.All observed index at every time showed no significant differences between the R and RF Group after operation,but it prolonged significantly in the F Group.Complications of the three groups showed no statistical difference.VRS of the R Group was significantly higher than that of RF and F groups after operation(P

OBJECTIVE:To study the mechanism of Cassia obtusifolia L in decreasing blood-lipid.METHODS:Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes in vitro were used to determine the concentrations of proteins in hepatocytes by the method of Folin-phenol reagent and to assay the cholesterol synthesis from 14 C-acetate with liquid scintillation count.RESULTS:Ex?tract of Cassia obtusifolia L inhibited cholesterol synthesis from 14 C-acetate,but cassiaside B didn't affect cholesterol synthe?sis.CONCLUSION:The mechanism of extract of Cassia obtusifolia L in decreasing blood-lipid may result from inhibition of cholesterol synthesis,but inhibiting cholesterol synthesis may be not the main approach of cassiaside B in decreasing blood-lipid.

Objective To investigate the effects of unilateral stellate ganglion block (SGB) on the expression of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) in bilateral hippocampus and temporal lobe induced by global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rabbits. Methods Twenty-eight healthy Japanese long-ear rabbits of either sex weighing 2.5-3.0 kg were anesthetized with intravenous 1.5% pentobarbital, intubated and mechanically ventilated. Global cerebral ischemia was produced by clamping bilateral external and internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries for 10 min. Global cerebral ischemia was confirmed by blanching of lips and conjunctival, respiratory and EGG changes. The arteries were then declamped for reperfusion. The animals were randomly divided into 4 equal groups ( n = 7) : SGB group, NS control group, blank control group and sham operation group. In SGB group left stellate ganglion was blocked by 0.25% bupivacaine 0.5 ml injected through an epidural catheter with its tip placed close to left stellate ganglion when reperfusion was started followed by continuous infusion of 0.25 % bupivacaine at a rate of 0.5 ml ? h -1 . SGB was confirmed by ptosis and miosis. In NS control group normal saline was used instead of 0.25 % bupivacaine. In blank control group no medication was give. In sham operation group the six arteries were exposed but not occluded. The HSP70 expression in the neurons in hippocampus CA1 section and cortex of temporal lobe was detected by immunohistochemistry using an antibody specific for HSP70 30h after reperfusion was started. Results HSP 70 expression in bilateral hippocampus CA1 section and cortex of temporal lobe was significantly lower in SGB group compared with the two control groups ( P 0.05) . Conclusion Left SGB can depress the over-expression of HSP 70 in bilateral hippocampus and temporal lobe induced by global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

OBJECTIVE: To propose a HPLC method for quantitative assessment of cilostazol in human plasma. METHODS: Chromatogram column was C18(150mm?4.6mm, 5?m), mobile phases were acetonitrile-water(40∶60,V/V), the flow rate was 1.4ml/min,determined wavelength was 254nm. RESULTS: Cilostazol concentration was in the linear range of 25～2000ng/ml(r=0.9 999)with the lowest determinable concentration of 12.5ng/ml,recoveries of cilostazol from plasma were 99.99%～101.44%,the relative standard variation of intra-day and inter-day were 0.20%～2.90% and 0.19%～2.13%(n=5) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This method is s simple, convenient, accurate, and applicable for study of pharmacokinetics of cilostazol in clinic.

BACKGROUND: Stellate ganglion block has many functions by improving brain circulation, modulating immunity, reducing plasmic catecholamine content, interleukin-6 is one of the most sensitive and important predictors and mediators for acute organic stress response, playing neuroprotective and neurotoxic double roles in brain ischemic injury.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of stellate ganglion block in rat brain during ischemic-reperfusion period on the changes of serum interleukin-6,in order to probe the role of stellate ganglion block in brain ischemicreperfusional injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experimentation.SETTING: Anaesthesia Department of Taihe Hospital Mfiliated to Yunyang Medical College, and Anaesthesia Department of Renmin Hospital Affiliated to Yunyang Medical College.MATERIALS: This experiment on animals was carried out at the Experimental Center of Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Yunyang Medical College at March 2003, interleukin-6 reagent kit and determination was provided and conducted by the immunity research institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. Totally 28 big-ear healthy rabbits in which male or female was not limited were selected and randomly divided into stellate ganglion group, saline comparison group, blank comparison group and sham operation group with 7 rabbits in each group.METHODS: A pipe was set approximate to the stellate ganglion of all animals by operative method, six-vessels block method was used to simulate whole brain ischemic-reperfusion model, in stellate ganglion block group,artery clamp was lossen for reperfusiion at 15 minutes after ischemia, simultaneously 2.5 g/L bupivacaine was continuously pumped into left side of stellate ganglion for nerve block, which replaced by physical saline and nothing in respectively physical saline comparison group and blank comparison group, while rabbits in sham operation group were only subjected to surgery without artery clamp. RIA was used to determine serum interleukin-6 content at before ischemia, reperfusion of 10 minutes, 4 hours, 10hours, when 20 hours and 30 hours individually.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum interleukin-6 content in each group at various post-reperfusional time points.RESULTS: Totally 28 big-ears white rabbits were enrolled in this experiment and all data was entered the result analysis. Interleukin-6 content was on an increasing tendency in all groups, while was higher in stellate ganglion block group than in sham operation group only at reperfusion 30time point, the difference has significance [(321±52) and (299±45) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05]; Comparing to pre-ischemic group, interleukin-6 in physical saline group began increase remarkably from onset of reperfusion 4 hours[(365±46) ng/L], but began obviously increase at reperfusion 10 hours in blank comparison group [(368±31) ng/L, P ＜ 0.05]. The difference of interleukin-6 among stellate ganglion block group, sham operation group,physical saline group and blank comparison group does not have statistical significance (P＞0.05); the level of interleukin-6 in physical saline group and blank comparison group were higher than in sham at all reperfusion 4-30 hours, and even higher than in stellate ganglion group after reperfusion 10 hours, the difference has significant meaning (P ＜ 0.05). Moreover the increase of interleukin-6 content in stellate ganglion block group was remarkably lower than physical saline comparison group and blank comparison group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Stellate ganglion block may obviously reduce serum interleukin-6 level in rabbit brain during ischemic-reperfusion period, implying stellate ganglion block has a certain protective and curative function on the whole brain ischemic-reperfusion damage, and considered as a promising way in the treatment of brain ischemic-reperfusion damage.

Objective To investigate the effect of stellate ganglion block ~SGB) on formalin-induced nociceptive behavior of rabbits, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor ~BDNF) of dorsal root ganglia ~DRG) and the concentration of serum interleukin-8 ~IL-8) in rabbits. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were used in this study. Catheters were inserted closely to right stellate ganglia of the animals, which were randomly divided into control group ~A), SGB group ~B) and pain model group ~C). Group B and C were administered with an injection of 0.5ml of 3% formalin into the right front paw subcutaneously, group A 0.5ml saline by the same way. 0.5ml of (0.25)% bupivacaine was administered via the catheter in group B at 10 minutes before injection, while group A and C were given 0.5ml of saline at the same time. Nociceptive behavior was observed for 60 minutes after injection, and assessed by weighted pain score. Serum IL-8 was measured radioimmunologically at 10 minutes ~T_0) before injection, 10 ~T_1), 60 ~T_2) and 120 minutes ~T_3) after injection. The expression of BDNF in the right DRG of cervical 7, 8 and thoracic 1 was investigated immunohistochemically at 120 minutes after injection. Results Formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in phase Ⅱ was relieved following SGB. The concentration of serum IL-8 in groups B and C at T_2 and T_3 was significantly increased than that at T_0 and T_1~P

Sixty-eight patients with pneumoconiosis combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent large volume lavage in one lung under double cavity tracheal intubation and intravenousinhalant anesthesia. The vital signs of patients were recorded before, 10, 30min after and at the end of lavage. Results showed that the vital signs were stable during the lavage; and after the lavage all patients had relief significantly from the symptoms of dyspnea, polypnea and cough. Our results indicate that general anesthesia with bilateral lung ventilation are a safe and effective method in large volume whole lung lavage for treatment of pneumoconiosis patients combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.