The development of transitional epithelium of ureter and urinary bladder in the rats from prenatal 15 days old to postnatal 4 weeks old was studied by histological and histochemical methods. During the development, RNA and glycogen contents are increased at first and then decreased. The activity of SDH,AcP and AlP increased gradually and ATPase reaction was negative. These parameters tended to be stable from the postnatal 3rd week, it meants that the epithelium tend to maturation. On the prenatal 15th day there were some significant differences between the epithelium of the two organs, however thereafter they gradually become identical and they showed the same type of epithelium, i.e. transitional epithelium at maturation. This means that they reached the same goal by different routes. In addition, on the prenatal 15th day the epithelium of urinary bladder stratified in most portions, some of the superficial cells degenerate. Hence it deduced that the epithelium of urinary bladder undergo primitive stratification firstly, nad then cell degeneration happens, and evolve into trasitional form ultimately. Meanwhile, We presume that in certain extent, the development of the epithelium of the two organs, including cell temporary degeneration, in addition to the action of embryonic induction, probably related to the content of urinary tract also.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topotecan(TPT) in the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Methods 84 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma received TPT(1.25mg/m~2) as a 30-minute infusion daily for 1-5 days,21 days for a cycle.The efficacy was evaluated after 2 cycles of chemotherapy.Response was confirmed 4 weeks later.Results In 84 selected patients,72 were assessable for response and 84 for toxicity.The overall response was 22.2%,including 2 CR and 14 PR.The response rate for untreated and recurrent advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma was 25.0% and 20.8%,respectively.The main side effects were neutropenia and leukopenia.WHO grade III-IV of them were 26.1% and 26.1%,respectively.The non-hemotological toxicity was mild.Conclusion TPT is effective and well-tolerated in the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma,especially in recurrent patients.

The TNA mRNA expression in 33 samples of cervical carcinoma and 28 samples of condyloma have been observed by using ~3H and Digoxigenin labeled TNF—? cDNA probes and in situ hybridization technique, we found that the results of in situ hybrdfzation with these two kinds of labeled probes were alike, the sensitivity with ~3H labeled probe was slightly higher than that with Digoxigenin labeled probe. Nevertheless, the nonisotope probe would be used more and more in future because of its safety, rapidity and convenience in work.

Objective: To study the effects of adrenomedullin (ADM) and proadrenomedullin N terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) alone or in combinations on the isolated rat hearts as well as the possible signaling pathways involved in their actions. Methods: In isolated rat hearts, the left ventricular pressure (LVP), LVP?dp/dtmax, coronary fluid (CF) and heart rate(HR) of the hearts infused at different concentrations of ADM and/or PAMP were determined by a 4 cannal physiological recorder, then the cAMP contents were assayed in myocardium. Results: After being infused with ADM from 10 -11 to 10 -8 mol?L -1 or PAMP from 10 -11 to 10 -8 mol?L -1 , the LVP and LVP?dp/dtmax of the isolated hearts decreased gradually in a concentration dependent manner, and at the same concentration, the effects of PAMP were more potent than those of the ADM. When ADM and PAMP were co administrated with both concentrations as low as from 10 -11 to 10 -10 mol?L -1 , the cardiac parameters were decreased more than either ADM or PAMP administrated alone. However, the inhibitory effects of ADM and PAMP were attenuated when they were in combination at higher concentrations as from 10 -9 to 10 -8 mol?L -1 . When the rat hearts were infused with ADM, PAMP,and ADM plus PAMP, the CF were always higher than those of the controls and decreased when co administrated with L NAME, an inhibitor of NOS, but the decreaseddegree of LVP and LVP?dp/dtmax were attenuated by L NAME.The cAMP contents in the left cardiac ventricle were increased significantly by ADM infusions but not changed obviously by PAMP, and were of no statistical difference in rat hearts with ADM administrated alone from those combinated with ADM and PAMP. Conclusion: These results showed that ADM and PAMP infused alone or in combinations inhibited the function of rat hearts in vitro, which might be partly involved with the NOS/NO pathway.

Objective:To investigate the changes of plasma prothrombin fragment 1+ 2 (F 1+2), tissue factor positive microparticle (TF+ MP) and thrombin antithrombin complex (TAT) level before and after the treatment of low molecular weight heparin combined with reteplase in patients with malignant tumor and lower extremity venous thrombosis. Methods:From July 2016 to October 2019, 64 patients with malignant tumors and lower extremity venous thrombosis in the Third Hospital of Changsha were selected, they were divided into observation group ( n=32) and control group ( n=32) by simple randomization. The control group was treated with low molecular heparin, and the observation group was treated with low molecular heparin combined with reteplase. The efficacy, clinical symptom improvement time, incidence of adverse reactions, difference in lower limb circumference, blood flow velocity, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), plasma F 1+2, TF+ MP, TAT level before and after treatment were compared between the two groups; the correlations of plasma F 1+2, TF+ MP, and TAT level with clinical symptom improvement time, peripheral diameter difference of lower extremity, blood flow velocity, APTT, and PT were analyzed. Results:The total effective rate of the observation group (87.50%) was higher than that of the control group (65.63%) ( P<0.05); The improvement time of clinical symptoms in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group ( P<0.05); After treatment, the peripheral limb diameter difference of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the blood flow velocity was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05); The APTT and PT in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after treatment ( P<0.05); The plasma F 1+2, TF+ MP, and TAT level in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after treatment ( P<0.05); The levels of plasma F 1+2, TF+ MP, and TAT were positively correlated with symptom improvement time and lower limb circumference difference, and negatively correlated with blood flow velocity, APTT, and PT ( P<0.05); There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions (18.75%) between the observation group and the control group (12.50%) during the treatment period ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Plasma F 1+2, TF+ MP, and TAT expression in patients with malignant tumors and venous thrombosis of the lower extremity can be used as biological indicators to evaluate the patient's condition and treatment effect. Low molecular weight heparin combined with reteplase can significantly reduce the plasma F 1+2, TF+ MP and TAT level, promote the improvement of symptoms, effectively reduce the peripheral diameter difference of lower extremity, improve blood flow velocity and coagulation function, and has a significant effect.

Objective To investigate the mental health status of patients with cervical spondylosis and the curative effect of psychotherapy.Methods71 patients of cervical spondylosis with psychological obstacles were randomly divided into the experiment group (32 cases, treated by physiotherapy combined with psychotherapy simultaneously) and control group (39 cases, treated by physiotherapy only). The patients' somzatization and mental health status were evaluated by the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the table of curative effect estimation of cervical syndrome before and four weeks after treatment.ResultsThere was no significant difference between two groups in the degrees of somzatization and scores of SCL-90 before treatment. After four weeks treatment, both two groups had improvement in the physical symptom and psychological condition, but the curative effect of the experiment group was better than the control group ( P<0.05).ConclusionBecause having a long disease course, the patients with cervical spondylosis have different level mental health troubles. Psychotherapy is helpful to improve curative effect.

Objective:To understand the molecular pat hophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer.Methods: We studied novel gene expression by cDNA microarray method. The PCR pro ducts of 4 096 genes and 12 800 gene were spotted onto a kind of chemical-mater ial-coated-glass slide in array. Both the mRNAs from 5 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporation of fluorescent-labeled dUTP to prepare the hybridization probes. After hybridization, BioDoor4096 and BioDoor12800 cDNA microarray were scanned for the fluorescent intensity. Tumor invasion-related gene expression w as screened through the analysis of difference in gene expression profile.Results:Among 4 096 and 12 800 target genes, there were 15 genes who se expression level differed from normal and carcinoma tissues. Therefore, they might be associated with metastasis.Conclusion:Further analysis of these differentially expressed metastasis-associated genes will be helpful for understanding the molecular mechanism of malignant carcinoma.

Objective:To discuss the relationships between the expressions of silence information regulator 6 (SIRT6) and survivin and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer, and to investigate their effects in gastric cancer.Methods:The tumor tissues of 110 gastric cancer patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from March 2013 to October 2014, as well as 40 adjacent tissues and 20 normal tissues, were selected to detect the expressions of SIRT6 and survivin by immunohistochemistry. The correlations between the expression levels of SIRT6 and survivin and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer patients were analyzed.Results:The positive rates of SIRT6 were 41.8% (46/110), 77.5% (31/40) and 85.0% (17/20) in gastric cancer, adjacent tissues and normal gastric tissues, respectively, and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant ( χ2=23.200, P<0.001). The positive rate of SIRT6 in gastric cancer tissue was lower than that in adjacent and normal tissues ( χ2=14.949, P<0.001; χ2=12.634, P<0.001). The expression of SIRT6 was correlated with tumor differentiation ( χ2=19.654, P<0.001). The positive rates of survivin were 58.2% (64/110), 15.0% (6/40) and 0 (0/20) in gastric cancer, adjacent tissues and normal gastric tissues, respectively, and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant ( χ2=38.449, P<0.001). The positive rate of survivin in gastric cancer tissue was higher than that in adjacent and normal tissues ( χ2=21.976, P<0.001; χ2=22.920, P<0.001). The expression of survivin was correlated with the depth of infiltration ( χ2=20.853, P<0.001). The expression of SIRT6 was correlated with survivin in gastric cancer tissues ( C=0.211, P=0.024). Survival analysis showed that 3-year survival rate was 53.1% in the SIRT6 negative patients, lower than 78.3% in the positive patients, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.004, P=0.045), while the 3-year survival rates of the survivin positive and negative patients were 53.1% and 78.3%, and the difference was not significant ( χ2=3.717, P=0.054). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that lymph node metastasis ( RR=6.618, 95% CI: 2.152-20.358, P=0.001) and SIRT6 negative expression ( RR=0.228, 95% CI: 0.081-0.644, P=0.005) were the risk factors for poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Conclusion:SIRT6 is poorly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and is related to the prognosis of gastric cancer, while survivin is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues. The expression of SIRT6 and survivin is negatively correlated, suggesting that the expression imbalance of SIRT6 and survivin may play an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.

Objective: To explore the correlation of monocyte to HDL-C ratio (MHR) and post-operative slow lfow or no relfow in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 216 STEMI patients treated in our hospital from 2014-10 to 2016-05 were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Slow lfow or no relfow group, the patients with TIMI grade≤2,n=43 and Normal lfow group, n=173. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to assess the best cut-off value for MHR predicting slow lfow or no relfow with its sensitivity and speciifcity; Logistic regression analysis was conducted to studied weather MHR could be used as an independent risk factor for coronary slow lfow or no relfow in STEMI patients after PCI. Results: Compared with Normal lfow group, Slow lfow or no relfow group had the higher MHR (18.6±9.8) vs (10.9±5.5), P<0.001. Univariate Regression analysis indicated that MHR was a risk factor of slow lfow or no relfow occurrence (OR=2.22, 95% CI 1.58-3.28); multivariate regression analysis presented that MHR was an independent risk factor of slow lfow or no relfow occurrence (OR=1.55, 95% CI 1.01-2.38). ROC curve showed that the best cut-off value for MHR predicting slow lfow or no relfow occurrence was 13.37 with the sensitivity and speciifcity at 67.4% and 70.5% respectively, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.734, 95% CI 0.646-0.822. Conclusion: MHR was an independent risk factor for slow lfow or no relfow occurrence in STEMI patients after PCI.

Objective: To explore the clinical and molecular genetic features of a Chinese patient with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Methods: Clinical data including resting electrocardiography, echocardiography and treadmill exercise testing of a patient with CPVT admitted to our department in March 2013 were analyzed, and the peripheral venous blood samples of the patient and his family members and 400 ethnicity-matched healthy controls were obtained. All exons and exon-intron boundaries of the six CPVT-related genes including RYR2, CASQ2, TRDN, CALM1, KCNJ2 and ANKB were sequenced to detect the variants related to CPVT. The relationship between the genotypes and phenotypes was analyzed to direct the target therapy. Results: Recurrent syncope induced either by exercise or extreme frightened fear was observed in this patient. There was no positive family history of syncope or sudden death. The resting electrocardiography and echocardiography of the patient were normal, while the exercise testing revealed bidirectional and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. A cardiac ryanodine receptor gene mutation (R2401H) was identified in this patient, while this mutation was absent in his parents and sister and 400 controls. No variant was detected in the remaining five candidate genes. Treatment with high dose of metoprolol succinate (118.75 mg/d) was effective and patient was free of syncopal attack during the 2 years follow-up. Conclusion This is the first report on RyR2-R2401H mutation in Chinese patient with CPVT, and high dose of metoptolol is the effective therapy option for CPVT related to RyR2 mutation.