Objective To observe the metabolic changes in the whole brain of chronic unpredictable mild stimulations ( CUMS)-induced depressive rats using PET imaging technology.Methods After 4 weeks’ of CUMS, rats of experimental group were divided into two groups:Group D( depression) and Group ND( no depression) , according to the degree of sugar addiction, distance of spontaneous activity and relative body mass.Then metabolic changes in the whole brain of these rats and those in control group ( CON) were observed using PET technology, and the differences were companred between the threegroups.Results (1)ComparedwithGroupCON,metabolismofGroupDwaselevatedinbilateralS1,thalamus, globus pallidus, insula, M2 and left claustrum, but descended in right inferior colliculus, splenium of corpus callosum and cerebellum.(2) Metabolism of Group D increased in the bilateral CA3 region of hippocampus, M1, M2, striatum, S1 and olfactory bulb, but decreased in the left cuneate nucleus and hippocampus compared to Group ND.( 3 ) Compared with Group CON, there was no region of the brain in Group ND where metabolism was enhanced, but metabolism in the lateral septal nucleus, bilateral striatum, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, bilateral S1 and right globus pallidus of Group ND was reduced.Conclusion The metabolic characteristic in the brain of depressive rats is that heightened regions are all in front of the coronal plane 4 mm post bregma, while lowered regions are behind.Moreover, both cerebral hemispheres are roughly symmetrical.It can be concluded that abnormal interactions between different regions of the brain contributes to the occurrence of depression.

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease. The diagnosis of schizophrenia so far relies heavily on subjective evidence, including self-reported experiences by patients, manifestations described by relatives, and abnormal behaviors assessed by psychiatrists. The diagnosis, monitoring of the disease progression and therapy efficacy assessment are challenging due to the lack of established laboratory biomarkers. Based on the current literature, clinical consensus, guidelines, and expert recommendations, this review highlighted evidence-based potential laboratory biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, including genetic biomarkers, neurotransmitters, neurodevelopmental-related proteins, and intestinal flora, and discussed the potential future directions for the application of these biomarkers in this field, aiming to provide an objective basis for the use of these biomarkers in the early and accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and rehabilitation assessment of schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (split virion) and to analyze its cross-reactive antibody responses to H7N9 avian influenza virus.

METHODSAn open-labeled clinical trial was carried out in infants aged 6-35 months, adults aged 18-60 years and the elderly aged >60 years. After vaccinations (one dose for adults and the elderly and two doses for infants), adverse events were observed. Serum samples were obtained before vaccination and 21 days after vaccination from adults and elderly subjects. Three types of antibody against seasonal influenza virus and antibody against H7N9 avian influenza virus were tested using microhemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Immunogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated based on the immunogenicity criteria for adults and the elderly, set by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) for the European Medicines Agency.

RESULTSA total of 202 subjects (65 infants, 69 adults and 68 elderly) were enrolled and injected for at least one dose. The overall rate of adverse events was 12.4% (25/202) and most of them were under systemic reaction. No serious adverse event was reported. Pre- and post-vaccination serum samples were collected from 124 subjects (64 adults, 60 elderly). After 21 days of vaccination, the sero-conversion rate, sero-protection rate, and geometric mean titer (GMT) ratio (post-/pre-vaccination) of antibody against seasonal influenza virus were 78.1%-90.6%, 92.2%-100.0% and 7.9-41.0 among adults while 66.7%-83.3%, 86.7%-100.0% and 5.7-20.4 among the elderly, respectively. However, after vaccination, both sero-conversion rate and sero-protection rate of antibody against H7N9 avian influenza virus among adults and the elderly became zero, with GMT ratio between 1.2 and 1.4.

CONCLUSIONThis trial vaccine appeared to have good safety and immunogenicity but inducing no cross-reactive antibody response to H7N9 avian influenza virus.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Antibody Formation ; Child, Preschool ; Cross Reactions ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; Influenza Vaccines ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

The rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies has led to a dramatic decrease in the money and time required for de novo genome sequencing or genome resequencing projects, with new genome sequences constantly released every week. Among such projects, the plethora of updated genome assemblies induces the requirement of version-dependent annotation files and other compatible public dataset for downstream analysis. To handle these tasks in an efficient manner, we developed the reference-based genome assembly and annotation tool (RGAAT), a flexible toolkit for resequencing-based consensus building and annotation update. RGAAT can detect sequence variants with comparable precision, specificity, and sensitivity to GATK and with higher precision and specificity than Freebayes and SAMtools on four DNA-seq datasets tested in this study. RGAAT can also identify sequence variants based on cross-cultivar or cross-version genomic alignments. Unlike GATK and SAMtools/BCFtools, RGAAT builds the consensus sequence by taking into account the true allele frequency. Finally, RGAAT generates a coordinate conversion file between the reference and query genomes using sequence variants and supports annotation file transfer. Compared to the rapid annotation transfer tool (RATT), RGAAT displays better performance characteristics for annotation transfer between different genome assemblies, strains, and species. In addition, RGAAT can be used for genome modification, genome comparison, and coordinate conversion. RGAAT is available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/rgaat/ and https://github.com/wushyer/RGAAT_v2 at no cost.
Genome ; Genomics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; methods ; standards ; Humans ; Reference Standards ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; methods ; standards ; Software