High-energy fractures are known to result in a long healing proce ss and a high incidence of nonunion. In the traditional treatment of high-energ y fractures, bone grafting or bone substitute grafting is applied only after the delayed union or nonunion has already been confirmed. Secondary interventions t o treat nonunion are associated with a high morbidity of complications and a lon g time recovery. Charnley (1961) first recommended prophylactic bone grafting in treatment of high-energy fractures to reduce total time of fracture healing. H owever, autogenous bone graft has certain drawbacks, such as limited harvest ava ilable and serious complications at the donor site. In order to overcome these p roblems, various bone graft substitutes, such as growth factors, bioceramics and composite grafts, have been developed as early grafting materials.

Drug Therapy, Combination ; Echinocandins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Lipopeptides ; Liver Failure ; complications ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Voriconazole ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

This study was aimed to analyze the dynamic accumulation of active ingredients of Echinacea purpurea. Contents of cichoric acid and total polyphenols in different parts through the whole growth process were determined by HPLC and colorimetry. The results showed that the content of total polyphenol changed little in annual plant. There were differences in content of cichoric acid of different parts in different periods. And the content reached the maximum at flowering stage. It was concluded that the harvest stage depended on the content of cichoric acid. The results provided theoretical basis for induced plant in Shandong province.

Objective To identify the relationship of the femoral morphology with the sex and age, analyze and compare the two methods of defining the morphology of marrow cavity.Methods AP and lateral radiography of the hip joint was made in 45 patiens who accepted total hip arthroplasty.The anatomic parameters of the proximal femur were measured on those radiography.The femoral morphology was analyzed using Dorr criteria and Noble class respectively.Results (1)The anatomic parameters of the proximal femur were not correlated with the age in male.(2)The inner diameter of canal 10 em distal to the lesser trochanter, isthmus width and canal to calar isthmus rate were positively correlated with age in female.(3)The medial cortical and lateral cortical thickness 10 cm distal to the lesser trochanter,cortical index and canal-flare index were negatively correlated with age in female.(4)According to Dorr criteria,13 femora were classified as type A,20 as type B,and 12 as type C.According to Noble class,4 femora were classified as champagne type,34 as normal type,and 7 as stove pipe type.Conclusions The femoral morphology don't change with age in male.The width of femoral canal increase with age in female.Type C of Dorr criteria contains all of stove pipe type and a portion of normal type.

Objective To explore the initial stability of a carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone composite (CF/PEEK) stem in human femurs after total hip replacement. Methods 8 pairs of human cadaveric femurs were used to test the CF/PEEK prosthesis versus a conventional cementless stem of cobalt-chrome molybdemum alloy(CoCrMo). The bone-femoral prosthesis interface motion was measured in vitro using displacement transducers. Combined axial and torsional loads and simulated single-leg stance loading were applied. Subsidence, rotation and interface motion were measured with load cycles up to 1 000 N. Results The extent of the micro-motion in the proximal femoral region was larger than that in the distal femoral region. The CF/PEEK composite prosthesis showed less dynamic micro-motion in the proximal region compared with the CoCrMo alloy prosthesis stem, with the average difference being 42%. The extent of the distal micro-motion in the 2 groups was small but the difference was significant (P

[Objective]To develop a new femoral prosthesis that can integrate with femur compactly and increase proximal femoral stress transfer,and further improves the long-term curative effect of total hip arthroplasty.[Method]Five pairs of human cadaver femora were divided equally into two groups one of which received a cobalt-chrome molybdemum alloy(CoCrMo) implant and the other a carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone composite(CF/PEEK) implant.Six strain-gauge rosettes were attached to the external surface of each implant and proximal femora.The loading conditions simulated single-limb stance and the strains were recorded first with the femora intact and then with the femoral components of two different designs implant inserted.[Result]After the insertion of a femoral component,the normal pattern of a progressive proximal-to-distal increase in strains was similar to that in the intact femur and the strain was maximum near the tip of the prosthesis.On the medial and lateral aspects of the proximal femur,thc strains were reduced after implantation of both types of implant.The pattern and magnitude of the strains,however,were closer to those in the intact femur after insertion of the CF/PEEK stem than that of CoCrMo stem.[Conclusion]Our findings suggest that the CF/PEEK stem can provide immediate postoperative stability,better proximal loading transfer in the metaphysis and further reduce stress shielding,bone resorption and osteanabrosis,thus prevent the implant from failuri.

BACKGROUND: Greatly higher elastic modulus of traditional metal prosthesis than bone elastic modulus is mechanical factor for aseptic loosening of artificial joint, resulting in stress shielding, bone resorption and bone atrophy.OBJECTIVE: To measure femoral stress after prosthetic replacement made of carbon fiber reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (CF/PEEK), and compare with domestic AML prosthesis, so as to explore the application prospect of compound material in total hip femoral head prosthesis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Comparative analysis was performed at Orthopedics Laboratory, First Hospital of Soochow University and Institute of Biomechanical Engineering of Shanghai University from September 2002 to March 2004.MATERIALS: CF/PEEK prosthesis was designed by the authors, composed of long CF/PEEK compound material as inner layer, 100 Gpa and short CF/PEEK compound material as outer layer, 20 Gpa; the layer intensity at stress center was strengthened, and the appearance and size of the CF/PEEK prosthesis simulated domestic AML cobalt alloy prosthesis (Beijing Huajiehao Company). Five pairs (10 femurs) of femurs were from fresh adult cadavers. METHODS: Five pairs of human cadaveric femora were divided equally into left and right groups: one group received a cobalt-chrome molybdenum alloy (CoCrMo) implant and the other received CF/PEEK implant. Strain-gauge rosettes were attached to external surface of each implant and proximal femora. The loading condition simulated single-limb stance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: strains distribution on the normal femur and femoral surface after replacement with two kinds of prostheses; shearing strain at femur-prosthesis interface of two groups.RESULTS: Following prosthesis implantation, the strains exhibited a progressive proximal-to-distal increase, which was similar to that in the intact femur, and the strain was maximum near the distal prosthesis. The strains on the medial and lateral surface of the femur were reduced after implantation of both types of implants. The pattern and magnitude of the strains, however, were closer to those in the intact femur after insertion of CF/PEEK prosthesis than in the CoCrMo one. CONCLUSION: Mechanical performance of CF/PEEK compound prosthesis is similar to bone tissue, and can provide similar strain under loading condition. Therefore, it can provide immediate postoperative stability and proximal loading transfer.

Objective To evaluate the effect of low intensity He-Ne laser irradiation on the level of hydroxyproline in the Achilles tendons of rabbits after experimental tenotomy, and to determine the best irradiation cycle. Methods Twenty-two male New Zealand rabbits, aged 10-12 weeks, were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The control group received no laser irradiation after tenotomy. The experimental animals were treated with a He-Ne laser (632.8 nm, 18.9 mW) daily for 14 days. The treated animals received 10 minutes, 20 minutes or 30 minutes of irradiation daily. At the 14th day or the 28th day after the operation, the rabbits were sacrificed and the level of hydroxyproline ( Hyp) in their Achilles tendons was measured. Results Hyp was significantly higher in all experimental animals than that in the controls. Hyp level in the 20 minutes group was significantly higher than in the 10 minutes group. Hyp level in the 20 minutes group at the 28th day were significantly higher than at the 14th day. Conclusions He-Ne laser irradiation facilitates the synthesis of collagen and enhances the healing of A-chilles tendons. The best irradiation time might be 20 minutes.

Objective To summarize the early results of total hip replacement with a proximally hydroxyapatite-coated femoral component. Methods From February 2000 to October 2003, 65 cases (70 hips) underwent uncemented total hip replacement with a proximally hydroxyapatite-coated femoral component (U2, United Orthopedic Corporation, Taiwan, China). The diagnosis included femoral neck fractures in 30 cases, osteoarthritis in 15 cases, avascular necrosis of the femoral head in 9 cases, loosening of artificial femoral head in 8 cases, rheumatoid arthritis in 2 cases, and arthrodesis in 1 case. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 1 week, 3 and 6 months postoperatively, and yearly afterwards. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur was measured with dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) for 44 cases. Results Postoperative X-ray films showed that the initial fixation was excellent or good in all the stems. The follow-ups averaged 3 years (2 to 5.5 years). The mean preoperative Harris hip score was 32 (25 to 52) points, which were improved to 96 points at the latest follow-ups. There was no reported incidence of thigh pain at any time throughout our study. And no case needed revision. By the measurements on the X-ray films taken within 1 year postoperatively, 7 of the 70 stems had subsidence of less than 1.5 mm. No hip experienced extensive proximal end osteolysis, intramedullary osteolysis, or loosening. DEXA showed that the BMD values decreased after operation, and then returned rapidly to the normal or near normal ones 3 to 6 months after operation, especially in zones Ⅱand Ⅵwhere the increase was even more significant than at the control side. All the stems were radiographically stable with evidence of osseous ingrowth typically seen in HA-coated zones, according to the criteria proposed by Engh et al. Conclusions Since HA-coating on femoral implants can enhance the initial fixation of implants, accelerate bone ingrowth and osseous fixation of the femoral component, and seal the interface between the implant and bone to prevent ingress of polyethylene particles, it is helpful in improving clinical results of the cementless total hip replacement.

Cancer has become the second largest life-threatening disease nowadays.Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are still important treatments for cancer.However, they tend to produce a lot of serious adverse effects including bone damage and bone marrow fat, etc.Based on recent research, the research progress on canonical Wnt pathway and its impact on stromal stem cells differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes are reviewed.Radiochemotherapy-induced bone damage and bone marrow fat is closely related to canonical Wnt pathway.In experimental assay and clinical application, Wnt pathway antagonists, such as Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), sclerostin, and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1) are used to relieve bone damage.Wnt pathway is expected to become a potential target for the therapy of bone damage and bone marrow fat induced by raidochemotherapy.