Objective To investigate the analgesic effect and possible mechanisms of interleukin-2(IL-2) on the neuropathic pain,and to screen the novel drug for neuropathic pain diseases.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice whose unilateral L5/L6 spinal nerves were ligated were used as a neuropathic pain model.The pain thresholds of paw ipsilateral to the nerve injury before and after intraperitoneal(i.p.) injection of different doses of IL-2(1.0?10~(6)u/kg,2.5?10~(6)u/kg and 5.0?10~(6)u/kg) were measured by the mechanical and cold stimuli.Opioid receptor antagonist naloxone(1mg/kg),30min prior to the administration of 5.0?10~(6)u/kg of IL-2,was given to investigate the influence of naloxone on the analgesic effect induced by IL-2.Results IL-2 produced dose-dependent analgesic effect.Both 5.0?10~(6)u/kg and 2.5?10~(6)u/kg of IL-2 significantly increased the 50% paw withdrawal threshold((P

Purposes　To observe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of primary lymphoma of bone(PLB). Methods　Eight cases of PLB were investigated by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. Results　The mean age of eight cases of PLB was 51 years. Radiographs of all cases showed the lytic lesions or osteoporosises; All the cases were diffuse non-Hodgkins lymphomas(NHL), including 4 large cell lymphomas (centroblastic, CB), 2 centrocytic(CC), one mixed cell (CB-CC ) and one lymphoplasmacytic (LP); Immunohistochemical features revealed 6 cases of B-cell, 2 T-cell. Conclusions　The peak incidence for PLB is in the 5th decade with the radiologic appearance of lytic lesions or osteoporosises. All tumors are the diffuse NHL, including mainly large cell lymphomas and immunophenotypic features of B-cell lymphomas. Immunohistochemistry is helpful in the differential diagnosis of PLB.

Gene expression exhibits temporal and spatial patterns to response environmental changes and growth cycle. Gene expression is under strict control at different levels among which control at transcription level is the predominant mode, especially in prokaryotes. In this review, we summarized the new developments of methods used in transcriptional studies, including modifications and improvements of the classic methods, such as gel-shift assay, DNA foot printing, and in vivo reporter system. In addition, we introduced examples to apply new methods, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to characterize protein-DNA, ligand-protein, and ligand-protein-DNA interactions. The collection of these methods and their application could guide and accelerate relevant studies.
Calorimetry ; DNA Footprinting ; Gene Expression ; Ligands ; Proteins ; Surface Plasmon Resonance ; Transcription, Genetic

Bacterial two-hybrid system is a newly developed method for studying protein-protein interactions. However, in our studies of the interaction of regulatory proteins in Streptomyces, it was found that the bacterial two-hybrid system is not sensitive enough by the blue-and-white selection on X-gal plate. To overcome this drawback, the reason of false positive clone was firstly determined, which was the disturbance of other direct or indirect regulation on lacZ promoter. Then the disturbance was diluted by introducing multicopy lacZ promoter, which drive another reporter gene gfp. By such design, the sensitivity of the modified bacterial two-hybrid system was significantly inproved and the two different reporters also help to decrease the rate of the false positive clones. Further the evaluation of the modifiedd bacterial two-hybrid system indicated that the sensitivity was significantly improved.
Bacteria ; Genes, Reporter ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; methods ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques

Objective To explore the influence of chronic neuropathic pain on cellular immune function of mice models.Methods The mice models were established by ligating tibeal nerve and common peroneal nerve on one side,and the influence of chronic neuropathic pain on cellular immune function and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and interleukin-6(IL-6) was observed with lymphocyte cell increase experiment(MTT method) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The increased reactivity of T lymphocyte of the model group was significantly higher than that of the sham group and the control group.At the same time,content of TNF-? and IL-6 in blood of the model group also increased.Conclusion Cellular immune function of mice is increased in the state of chronic neuropathic pain.

Objective To find out the possible regularity and mechanism of the adaptable change of human being T lymphocytes for physical exercise with oxygen and bring the original data for the Movement of All People Improving their Health. Methods We selected 16 untrained female students in university and let them had the same amount of exercise for 8 weeks. After that, we collected the cycle blood at the time point of before exercise, the end of exercise and 1 hour after exercise at the end of the 0,first,2 nd,4 nd,6 nd and 8 nd week respectively, so as to determine its stimuli index (SI) by MTT method. Results In the different time sect, such as the early stage of exercise, quiet condition,as soon as the end of exercise and 1 hour after exercise, we found that the SI were obviously Iower than that of normal (P＜0. 05) ,especially in the time sect of the end of exercise. Continuing to 4 weeks,the function of T lymphocytes restored gradualy and it lasted to the 8 th week, the SI in quiet condition and 1 hour after exercise had restored to normal(P＞0.05),but in the end of exercise, it still was Iow,however, the extent of the cases selected was in a condition of acute excitability. Conclusion As the bodies adapting to the exercise, the function of T lymphocytes restored slowly and the rate increased faster and faster.

Objective To compare the anesthetic effect of interscalene joint axillary brachial plexus block guided by nerve stimulator or conventional paresthesia in elderly patients with upper extremity surgery.Methods Sixty cases of ASA grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ elderly patients with upper extremity surgery were divided into two groups by random number table.Nerve stimulator group (30 cases) received interscalene joint axillary brachial plexus block guided by nerve stimulator.Paresthesia group (30 cases) received interscalene joint axillary brachial plexus block guided by conventional paresthesia.Both groups used the same local anesthetic:0.375％ ropivacaine,the dosage was 0.4 ml/kg.Anesthetic dose between interscalene and axillary in two groups in half.The operating time,block onset time,duration of analgesia,anesthetic effect [used by visual analogue scale (VAS) scores] and adverse reaction in two groups were observed and recorded.Results The operating time and block onset time in nerve stimulator group were significantly shorter than those in paresthesia group[(5.2 ± 1.7) min vs.(8.6 ± 2.2) min and (19.4 ± 3.2) min vs.(29.0 ± 3.9) min],VAS scores was lower than that in paresthesia group [(0.7 ± 0.4) scores vs.(2.3 ± 0.8) scores],there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in duration of analgesia between two groups [(12.4 ± 3.6) h vs.(13.1 ± 3.8) h,P ＞0.05].Nerve stimulator group without adverse reactions.Paresthesia group had 5 cases of adverse reactions,including local hematoma in 2 cases,laryngeal recurrent nerve paralysis in 1 case,horner syndrome in 2 cases.Conclusion Interscalene joint axillary brachial plexus block guided by nerve stimulator in elderly patients is accurate positioning,high success rate,good anaesthesia effect,less adverse reaction,and worth promoting in clinical.

Objective To establish a speed and effective method to detect rotavirus. Methods Using ELISA and one step RT-PCR to detect 196 clinic samples from Xi'an area. Results Compared with ELISA method, one step RT PCR was more sensitive and specific (P ＜0.05). Conclusion One step RT-PCR is a simple, speed, sensitive and spe cific method for clinic and epidemic studies of rotavirus.

Objective To optimize the synthesis process of istradefylline 1 for industrial production.Methods Istrade-fylline was synthesized from dimethyl carbonate and ethylamine through a series reactions including condensation,cycliza-tion,nitrosation,and reduction to produce 1,3-diethyl-5,6-diaminouracil(6),which was subjected to amidation with (E)-3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (8),followed by cyclization and methylation reaction.Compound 8 was prepared from veratr-aldehyde and propanedioic acid by Knoevenagel condensation.The structures of intermediate and target compounds were confirmed by MS and 1 H-NMR.Results and Conclusion The quality control points of each key process were optimized so that the total yield was 26.2% and the purity of the product was 99.76%.This improved synthesis method has some advan-tages,such as mild reaction conditions,simple operation,and applicability to industrial production.

Objective To investigate the technique,efficacy,and safety of percutaneous interventional treatments for biliary complications (BC) after liver transplantation (LT).Methods The clinical and imaging data of 127 patients with BC after LT,who received percutaneous interventional treatments in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2006 to December 2015,were analyzed retrospectively.On the basis of the cholangiographic appearance,patients were classified into 5 groups:biliary leakage group (n =11),anastomotic biliary strictures group (n=28),hilar biliary strictures group (n =30),multifocal biliary strictures group (n =51),and bilomas group (n =7).The modality of interventional treatments was percutanous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD),PTBD combined with balloon dilation,PTBD combined with balloon dilation and stent implantation.The methods of biliary drainage included external drainage and external-internal drainage.All the patients were followed up after treatment.The curative effect and operation-correlated complications were observed.Results The first successful rate of PTBD was 97.6％ (124/ 127).The total curative rate,improvement rate and inefficacy rate of interventional treatments were 37.8％ (48/127),44.9％ (57/127) and 17.3％ (22/127) respectively.In biliary leakage group,all the patients were cured by percutaneous interventional treatments with the curative rate being 100％.In anastomotic biliary strictures group,the cure and improvement rates were 64.3％ (18/28) and 35.7％ (10/28) respectively.The efficacy rate was 100％ (28/28).In hilar biliary strictures group,the cure,improvement and inefficacy rates were 40％ (12/30),53.3％ (16/30) and 6.7％ (2/30) respectively.The efficacy rate was 93.3％ (28/30).In multifocal biliary strictures group,the cure,improvement and inefficacy rates were 13.7％ (7/51),54.9％ (28/51) and 31.4％ (16/51) respectively.The efficacy rate was 68.6％ (35/51).In bilomas group,3 cases (3/7) obtained improvement and treatment of 4 cases was inefficative.The efficacy was the best for the patients with bilary leakage,and it was the worst for the patient with bilomas (P＜0.001).The main operation-correlated complication was bile tract infection during drainage.The rates of bile tract infection were 32.4％ (34/105) and 81.8％ (18/22) in patients with external drainage and external-internal drainage,respectively.There was statistically significant difference between these two items (P＜ 0.001).Conclusion PTBD combined with balloon dilation and biliary stent implantation is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for BC after LT,which can improve patients' clinical symptoms,improve patients' quality of life.The patients with bilomas should be treated by retransplantation as soon as possible.The biliary external drainage can decrease the rate of biliary tract infection significantly.