Objective To investigate the analgesic effect and possible mechanisms of interleukin-2(IL-2) on the neuropathic pain,and to screen the novel drug for neuropathic pain diseases.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice whose unilateral L5/L6 spinal nerves were ligated were used as a neuropathic pain model.The pain thresholds of paw ipsilateral to the nerve injury before and after intraperitoneal(i.p.) injection of different doses of IL-2(1.0?10~(6)u/kg,2.5?10~(6)u/kg and 5.0?10~(6)u/kg) were measured by the mechanical and cold stimuli.Opioid receptor antagonist naloxone(1mg/kg),30min prior to the administration of 5.0?10~(6)u/kg of IL-2,was given to investigate the influence of naloxone on the analgesic effect induced by IL-2.Results IL-2 produced dose-dependent analgesic effect.Both 5.0?10~(6)u/kg and 2.5?10~(6)u/kg of IL-2 significantly increased the 50% paw withdrawal threshold((P

Gene expression exhibits temporal and spatial patterns to response environmental changes and growth cycle. Gene expression is under strict control at different levels among which control at transcription level is the predominant mode, especially in prokaryotes. In this review, we summarized the new developments of methods used in transcriptional studies, including modifications and improvements of the classic methods, such as gel-shift assay, DNA foot printing, and in vivo reporter system. In addition, we introduced examples to apply new methods, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to characterize protein-DNA, ligand-protein, and ligand-protein-DNA interactions. The collection of these methods and their application could guide and accelerate relevant studies.
Calorimetry ; DNA Footprinting ; Gene Expression ; Ligands ; Proteins ; Surface Plasmon Resonance ; Transcription, Genetic

Bacterial two-hybrid system is a newly developed method for studying protein-protein interactions. However, in our studies of the interaction of regulatory proteins in Streptomyces, it was found that the bacterial two-hybrid system is not sensitive enough by the blue-and-white selection on X-gal plate. To overcome this drawback, the reason of false positive clone was firstly determined, which was the disturbance of other direct or indirect regulation on lacZ promoter. Then the disturbance was diluted by introducing multicopy lacZ promoter, which drive another reporter gene gfp. By such design, the sensitivity of the modified bacterial two-hybrid system was significantly inproved and the two different reporters also help to decrease the rate of the false positive clones. Further the evaluation of the modifiedd bacterial two-hybrid system indicated that the sensitivity was significantly improved.
Bacteria ; Genes, Reporter ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; methods ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques

Purposes　To observe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of primary lymphoma of bone(PLB). Methods　Eight cases of PLB were investigated by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. Results　The mean age of eight cases of PLB was 51 years. Radiographs of all cases showed the lytic lesions or osteoporosises; All the cases were diffuse non-Hodgkins lymphomas(NHL), including 4 large cell lymphomas (centroblastic, CB), 2 centrocytic(CC), one mixed cell (CB-CC ) and one lymphoplasmacytic (LP); Immunohistochemical features revealed 6 cases of B-cell, 2 T-cell. Conclusions　The peak incidence for PLB is in the 5th decade with the radiologic appearance of lytic lesions or osteoporosises. All tumors are the diffuse NHL, including mainly large cell lymphomas and immunophenotypic features of B-cell lymphomas. Immunohistochemistry is helpful in the differential diagnosis of PLB.

Objective To explore the influence of chronic neuropathic pain on cellular immune function of mice models.Methods The mice models were established by ligating tibeal nerve and common peroneal nerve on one side,and the influence of chronic neuropathic pain on cellular immune function and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) and interleukin-6(IL-6) was observed with lymphocyte cell increase experiment(MTT method) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The increased reactivity of T lymphocyte of the model group was significantly higher than that of the sham group and the control group.At the same time,content of TNF-? and IL-6 in blood of the model group also increased.Conclusion Cellular immune function of mice is increased in the state of chronic neuropathic pain.

Objective To find out the possible regularity and mechanism of the adaptable change of human being T lymphocytes for physical exercise with oxygen and bring the original data for the Movement of All People Improving their Health. Methods We selected 16 untrained female students in university and let them had the same amount of exercise for 8 weeks. After that, we collected the cycle blood at the time point of before exercise, the end of exercise and 1 hour after exercise at the end of the 0,first,2 nd,4 nd,6 nd and 8 nd week respectively, so as to determine its stimuli index (SI) by MTT method. Results In the different time sect, such as the early stage of exercise, quiet condition,as soon as the end of exercise and 1 hour after exercise, we found that the SI were obviously Iower than that of normal (P＜0. 05) ,especially in the time sect of the end of exercise. Continuing to 4 weeks,the function of T lymphocytes restored gradualy and it lasted to the 8 th week, the SI in quiet condition and 1 hour after exercise had restored to normal(P＞0.05),but in the end of exercise, it still was Iow,however, the extent of the cases selected was in a condition of acute excitability. Conclusion As the bodies adapting to the exercise, the function of T lymphocytes restored slowly and the rate increased faster and faster.

Objective To compare the anesthetic effect of interscalene joint axillary brachial plexus block guided by nerve stimulator or conventional paresthesia in elderly patients with upper extremity surgery.Methods Sixty cases of ASA grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ elderly patients with upper extremity surgery were divided into two groups by random number table.Nerve stimulator group (30 cases) received interscalene joint axillary brachial plexus block guided by nerve stimulator.Paresthesia group (30 cases) received interscalene joint axillary brachial plexus block guided by conventional paresthesia.Both groups used the same local anesthetic:0.375％ ropivacaine,the dosage was 0.4 ml/kg.Anesthetic dose between interscalene and axillary in two groups in half.The operating time,block onset time,duration of analgesia,anesthetic effect [used by visual analogue scale (VAS) scores] and adverse reaction in two groups were observed and recorded.Results The operating time and block onset time in nerve stimulator group were significantly shorter than those in paresthesia group[(5.2 ± 1.7) min vs.(8.6 ± 2.2) min and (19.4 ± 3.2) min vs.(29.0 ± 3.9) min],VAS scores was lower than that in paresthesia group [(0.7 ± 0.4) scores vs.(2.3 ± 0.8) scores],there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in duration of analgesia between two groups [(12.4 ± 3.6) h vs.(13.1 ± 3.8) h,P ＞0.05].Nerve stimulator group without adverse reactions.Paresthesia group had 5 cases of adverse reactions,including local hematoma in 2 cases,laryngeal recurrent nerve paralysis in 1 case,horner syndrome in 2 cases.Conclusion Interscalene joint axillary brachial plexus block guided by nerve stimulator in elderly patients is accurate positioning,high success rate,good anaesthesia effect,less adverse reaction,and worth promoting in clinical.

Objective To establish a speed and effective method to detect rotavirus. Methods Using ELISA and one step RT-PCR to detect 196 clinic samples from Xi'an area. Results Compared with ELISA method, one step RT PCR was more sensitive and specific (P ＜0.05). Conclusion One step RT-PCR is a simple, speed, sensitive and spe cific method for clinic and epidemic studies of rotavirus.

To study the histogenesis, biological behaviour, classification of pituitary adenoma and the relationship between the symptoms of hormonal hypersecretion and the hormone test in pituitary adenoma. MethodsOne hundred and eighty cases of pituitary adenoma were investigated by clinicopatholgic analysis, and GH, PRL, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH were examined in 110 cases by ABC immunocytochemical methods. ResultsForty percent of the patients were found to have the identical results between the clinical symptoms and hormonal test. Female patients were more than male ones, and the difference was satistically significant. The results showed that PRL and GH adenoma were often found in the cases by immunocytochemical method,and mixed GH-PRL adenoma were often found in the cases with multihormono-adenoma. ConclusionThe classification is practical and easy to operate, which combines the immunohistochemical examination of pituipary adenoma with the morphology and function.

Objective To examine whether microinjectlon of morphine into the rat thaiamle nucleus submedlus (Sin) could depress the bee venom (BV)-induced nociceptive behaviours. Methods In inflammatory pain model induced by BV subcutaneous injection into rat unilateral hind paw, the inhibitory effects of morphine microinjection into thalamic nucleus suhmedius (Sin) on the spontaneous nociecptlve behavior, heat hyperalgesia and tactile ailodynia, and the influence of naioxone on the morphine effects were observed in the rat. Results A single dose of morphine (5.0 μg, 0. 5μL) applied into the Sm ipsilaterni to the BV injected paw significantly depressed the spontaneous paw flinching response. Morphine also significantly increased the heat paw withdrawal iateneies in the bilateral hind paw and the tactile paw withdrawal threshold in the ipsilnteral hind paw 2 hours after BV injection. All these depressive effects could be effectively antagonized by pre-treatment with the opiuld receptor antagonist naloxone (1.0μg, 0. 5μL) in the Sm 5rain prior to morphine administration. Naloxone alone injected to the Sm had no effect on the BV-induecd nociceptive behavior. Conclusion These results suggest that Sm is involved in opioid receptor-mediated antt-nociception in the rat with the BV-induced inflammatory pain. Together with results from previous studies, it is likely that this effect is produced by activation of the Sm-ventrolateral orbital cortex-periaqueductal gray pathway, leading to activation of the brainstem descending inhibitory system and depression of the nodceptive inputs at the spinal cord level.