OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the derma safety of miconazole and chloramphenicol cream (MCC) for Guinea pigs.METHODS:Blank matrix,positive sensitizing agent (2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene) and MCC (high dose and low dose) were applied on normal or damaged areas of the unhairing backs of Guinea pigs to conduct acute toxicity test,sensitivity test and irritation test,respectively.RESULTS:MCC caused no acute toxicity when applied on the skin of Guinea pigs,nor skin/systemic hypersensitive reaction was noted after repeated sensitization.Single or multiple dosing of MCC caused no irritation on normal skin of Guinea pigs but caused mild irritation on damaged skin which disappeared after 48 h or 72 h.CONCLUSION:MCC has good dermo safety for Guinea pigs.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of Zyrtec drops which is a patent product of UCBpharma in treatment of allergy rhinitis in children. Method :A total of 47 children of both sexes aged between 2 to6 years with allergy rhinitis (AR) were included in this study,who were randomly selected to be treated withZyrtec (Cetirizine 2 HCL) drops 5 mg daily for 3 weeks. Investigators made a global evaluation with symptomscores before treatment and once a week for 3 weeks after treatment. Result:An improvement was shown in eachweek after treatment with statistical significance (P＜0.01). Zyrtec drops provided an excellent improvement atthe end of the study. Tolerance was good. Conclusion :For acting fast ,potent ,good tolerance and convenience inuse,Zyrtec drops is a better treatment in AR in kids.

ObjectiveTo compare the differences in stroke subtype classification between ASCO and modified TOAST.MethodsAll 425 first-ever ischemic stroke patients were recruited and classified into different stroke subtypes according to the ASCO and modified TOAST criteria.Results Comparing ASCO grade 1 with modified TOAST,more patients were classified as atherosclerosis (60.2％ vs 57.9％ ; x2 =2.68,P=0.132) and fewer as small artery disease and cardiac disease subtype (13.4％ vs 14.8％ and 8.5％ vs 8.7％ ; x2 =1.30 and 0.00,P =0.238 and 1.000,respectively).ASCO grade 1 did not reduce the proportion of cause undetermined patients compared with modified TOAST ( 15.5％ vs 16.2％ ; x2 =0.09,P =0.795 ). Agreement was showed in every subtype categories between the two approaches.Agreement for atherosclerotic cause and small artery disease was very good ( all κ over 0.81 ),and for the cardiac disease subtype was good (κ: 0.61-0.80). Conclusion Agreement can be found in every subtype categories between ASCO and modified TOAST classification.ASCO grade 1 does not reduce the proportion of cause undetermined cases compared with modified TOAST,but the subtype categories characteristics of the two approaches should be considered in practice.

Xinjiang Medical University follows the law of medical education and gradualness , has a system re-form for the medical humanities teaching course system , teaching contents , teaching methods by increasing the comprehensive and innovative design , research , teaching and practice teaching content , and trying to build a set of teaching and practice in the integration of medical humanities quality education mode .The first is the emphasis on the whole of medical humanities quality education and systemic .Secondly , we must integrate human resources , strengthen synergy cooperate , common development .The third is to use scientific research project to promote the medical humanism quality education from the ascent of the form content to method means .The fourth is to explore the medical humanistic quality education of the PBL teaching mode .

Environmental enrichment has become a hot topic in laboratory animal science , which is intended to im-prove the well-being of laboratory animals .This paper reviews the research in this area , focusing especially on the princi-ple and procedure of planning enrichment strategies .The consideration of housing laboratory animals should not only focus solely on animal well-being, manpower and economics , but also on the precision and accuracy of the experimental results . It also introduces the type of environmental enrichment and practice in widespread use currently .

RNA interference(RNAi),the first method of choice to suppress gene expression in vitro,is a conserved biologic response to double-stranded RNA that resulted in the sequence-specific silencing of target gene expression.Recently,more than 100 literatures reported synthetic small interfering RNAs in mammals.These reports demonstrated that RNAi is also a powerful tool for in vivo research and may become an effective therapeutic tool.This paper reviews the influencing factors and experimental design of in vivo use of RNAi.

A simple method for in vitro production of sporangia by Phytophthora boehmeriae causing cotton boll blight in China was developed, and a method for dilution of zoospore suspensions was presented as well, Large amounts of sporangia were obtained when mycelial mats, produced from Potato extract-Dextrose Liquid (PDL) or Bean extract-Dextrose Liquid (BDL) at 24 ℃ for 48—72 hr ,were rinsed with Mineral Salt Solution (MSS) four times at 20—22℃ for 10—12 h with continuous fluorescent light (cool white), and incubated for additional 12 h after drained off MSS. Darkness favored oospore whereas suppressed sporangial production by P. boehmeriae. BDB is superior to PDB in the production of oospores and sporangia by P. boehmeriae as evidenced by the amount of sporangia or oospores and in particular the fact that the color change of mycelial mats from light orange to purple was synchronous with the sporulation of P. boehmeriae. Tris-succinate buffer(pH6.8, 5.0mmol/L, TSB) was the quantitatively excellent diluent for preserving motility of zoospores of P. boehmeriae in the dilution process.

Objective To detect the HLA DRB1*12 by use of a new genotyping method for HLA SYBR Green Ⅰ PCR. Methods 1 HLA DRB1*12 sample and 12 unknown clinical sample were collected. The typing of these samples were determined by PCR, which includes a fluorescence dye, SYBR GreenⅠ,and the sequence specific primer. SYBR GreenⅠcould bind to the dsDNA to exhibit fluorescence. The fluorescence enhancement depends on the accumulation of the amplified product. Results 3 of the 12 unknown sample was proved to be DRB1*12 by the analysis of the melting curve of the amplified products. After purification, the type of these products were confirmed DRB1*12 by DNA based sequencing. Conclusions The results of SYBR GreenⅠPCR demonstrate that it can be a new strategy for HLA typing because of its convenience and accuracy.

Objective To analyze the literature characteristics on environmental enrichment published in China , and provide reference for researchers .Methods The papers relevant to environmental enrichment published in CNKI database and Wanfang database were statistically analyzed from the aspects of publishing year, journal of publication, author, institution and subjects covered by the article with bibliometrics method.Results There were 422 papers published before Dec 31,2015, in which 273 papers published in 126 kinds of journals.The number of papers increased gradually, especially after 2006.The top 3 journals with the most articles published were Chinese Journal of Wildlife(28),Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine(15) and Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science(12).Xinqiao Hospital of TMMU and Fujian Medical University Union Hospital accounted for the top 2 total number of the papers, from which Yan-hui Chen and Cong-min Zhao published the more articles.Those papers covered 17 subjects, neurology, pathergasiology, biology and pediatrics were the main subjects. There were 3 kinds of animal that got enriched, the first was laboratory animals(69.6%), then zoo animals(22.9%),and farm animals(7.5%).Conclusions The research of environmental enrichment was relatively concentrated in terms of neurology and psychiatry.To improve animal welfare was mainly in the zoo animals;laboratory animal research in this direction was less .It is necessary to strengthen the work in this regard.

Gram-negative bacteria are the common pathogens causing nosocomial infections.The drug resistance of gram-negative bacteria has become increasingly serious in last two decades.Carbapenems were once considered as the last line of defense against serious infections of gram-negative pathogens.As carbapenemase-producing strains are spreading, the incidence of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant isolates is increasing worldwide.The pathogens are usually multiple drug resistant strains or extensively drug resistant strains, and effective treatment options are limited, even there are no more drugs in certain conditions.This article focuses on appropriate antibiotics and therapeutic strategies for effective control of infections with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative pathogens.