Objective To approach the directive function of time efficiency of first-aid to war wound and trauma. Methods To analyse the relationship between time and war wound or trauma death based on the statistical data of those wounds, then to define the time window of first aid aiming at the peak value of death. Results Bleeding and asphyxia should be virtually controlled in “emergency platinum 10 minutes”, resuscitation from shock should be within 30 minutes, at the same time, a definite operation to save life should be performed in “golden an hour”. Conclusions It is important to raise the time efficiency in each stage by training and improving the military affairs. To spread the first-aid knowledge may decrease cripples and mortality.

Objective To investigate the location and ultrastructure of hepatic stem cells in adult rat. Methods Proliferation of hepatic oval cell of the rat was accomplished. Identification was made with immunohistochemistry with CK18, 19 and CD34 as markers. Ultrastructure of hepatic stem cells was observed with transmission electron microscope. Results The majority of hepatic oval cells were localized in the Hering channel, but some of them were distributed in the hepatic lobules. Electron microscopy revealed three types of oval cells. TypeⅠ cell was small, 7?m in size, with large nucleus but small amounts of cytoplasm and organelles. The cell was recognized as primitive oval cell. Type Ⅱ cell was larger, measuring 8?m in diameter, containing more cytoplasm and organelles. Type Ⅲ cells were larger than both of above cells, and they contained more organelles. Conclusion Hepatic oval cells in adult rat are localized in Hering channel, and they may be stem cells hepatocytes.

Objective To research the possibility of the rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into hepatocyte-like with hepatocyte growth factor plus E growth factor in vitro. Methods (1) Bone marrow in the femurs of Wistar rat was collected by flushing under sterile condition. MSCs were separated and cultured according to the direct anchoring method, identified by using immunocytochemical methods and flow cytometry. After MSCs were induced by HGF (20mg/ml) and EGF (10mg/ml), mRNA expression level of AFP、Alb、CK-18 in the MSCs were detected by RT-PCR. In addition, ultrastructures in the cells induced were observed using electron microscope. Results Anchored MSCs is single or cell clone is developed. Cell is uniform in the configuration and converged long fusiform after 7-10 days. Cultured cells are certified to be MSCs in the immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Afer 21 days, cultured cells show Hepatocyte-like characters in the configuration. RT-PCR:On day 7 mRNA of AFP was detected; mRNA of Alb and CK-18 were detected at the beginning, then strengthen on 21 day. At the same time, induced cells in the electron microscope results coincided with hepatic cells. Conclusions MSCs can be isolated, cultured and expanded easily in vitro. MSCs induced by HGF plus EGF in vitro can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. As a result, it can provide a new therapeutic method for liver failure.

A semantic modeling approach for medical image semantic retrieval based on hierarchical Bayesian networks was proposed, in allusion to characters of medical images. It used GMM (Gaussian mixture models) to map low-level image features into object semantics with probabilities, then it captured high-level semantics through fusing these object semantics using a Bayesian network, so that it built a multi-layer medical image semantic model, aiming to enable automatic image annotation and semantic retrieval by using various keywords at different semantic levels. As for the validity of this method, we have built a multi-level semantic model from a small set of astrocytoma MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) samples, in order to extract semantics of astrocytoma in malignant degree. Experiment results show that this is a superior approach.
Artificial Intelligence ; Astrocytoma ; diagnosis ; Bayes Theorem ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Models, Theoretical ; Semantics

Objective To explore the value of DNA repair genes (DRGs) in predicting the effect of immunotherapy on lung adenocarcinoma based on second-generation sequencing technology. Methods The data of lung adenocarcinoma were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas, including the testing cohort and the validation cohort. In the testing set, according to the cut-off value of tumor mutational burden (TMB) score 15, the patients with lung adenocarcinoma were divided into two groups: the low TMB score group and the high TMB score group. And we analyzed the relation between TMB and the overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. KRAS and TP53 co-mutation was used as the standard control, the differences in the mutation count and TMB score between only DRGs mutation group and KRAS or TP53 co-mutation groups were analyzed. In the validation cohort, the differences between DRGs and KRAS or TP53 co-mutation groups in TMB, tumor neoantigen burden and PFS were analyzed. Results The patients with TP53/DRGs co-mutation had higher mutation count and TMB score than those patients with only TP53 or DRGs mutation (P < 0.05). The patients with TP53/DRGs co-mutation had higher mutation count and TMB score than those patients with KRAS/TP53 co-mutation (P=0.037, P=0.044). In validation cohort analysis, the TP53/DRGs co-mutation patients also showed higher tumor neoantigens, higher TMB and longer progression-free survival than those patients with only TP53 or DRGs or KRAS/TP53 co-mutation groups. Conclusion TP53/DRGs co-mutation may be served as a pair of potential biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy on lung adenocarcinoma.

This study examined the effect of intensive insulin therapy on immune function and inflammatory factors at the early phase after severe trauma. At day 1, 3, 5, 7 after admission, subsets of CD4(+) helper T lymphocytes (Th1/Th2) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression on CD14(+) monocytes were flow cytometrically measured. Levels of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and other immunity markers, such as IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4 and C reaction protein (CRP) were examined in two groups. The results showed that TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP levels in the intensive insulin therapy group were significantly lower than those in the conventional therapy group, whereas IL-10 levels were substantially increased after intensive insulin therapy. C3 level at day 3, 5, 7 and C4 levels at day 5, 7 were lower in the intensive therapy group than in the conventional therapy group. Th1/Th2 ratios decreased gradually over time in both groups, and were much lower at day 3, 5, 7 in intensive therapy group. There were significant differences among day 3 to day 7 after admission in HLA-DR expression in CD14(+) monocytes. It was concluded that the intensive insulin therapy could decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines in the elderly suffering from severe trauma, at the same time, with complement recovery being delayed. Moreover, intensive insulin therapy promoted immune suppression and, therefore, measures need be taken to address the issue.

This study examined the effect of intensive insulin therapy on immune function and inflammatory factors at the early phase after severe trauma. At day 1, 3, 5, 7 after admission, subsets of CD4(+) helper T lymphocytes (Th1/Th2) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression on CD14(+) monocytes were flow cytometrically measured. Levels of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and other immunity markers, such as IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4 and C reaction protein (CRP) were examined in two groups. The results showed that TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP levels in the intensive insulin therapy group were significantly lower than those in the conventional therapy group, whereas IL-10 levels were substantially increased after intensive insulin therapy. C3 level at day 3, 5, 7 and C4 levels at day 5, 7 were lower in the intensive therapy group than in the conventional therapy group. Th1/Th2 ratios decreased gradually over time in both groups, and were much lower at day 3, 5, 7 in intensive therapy group. There were significant differences among day 3 to day 7 after admission in HLA-DR expression in CD14(+) monocytes. It was concluded that the intensive insulin therapy could decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines in the elderly suffering from severe trauma, at the same time, with complement recovery being delayed. Moreover, intensive insulin therapy promoted immune suppression and, therefore, measures need be taken to address the issue.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Immunity, Innate ; drug effects ; immunology ; Immunologic Factors ; immunology ; Insulin ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Wounds and Injuries ; drug therapy ; immunology