Objective To investigate the relationship between leprosy and some correlative immunomolecules in peripheral blood.Methods lymphocytes from peripheral blood in 16 leprosy patients in different periods were immunologically labeled by monoclonal antibodies from mouse CD 3/CD 4/CD 8,CD 3/CD (16+56) (NK) and CD 3/HLA-DR were determined by using flow cytometry(FCM).Results The levels of CD 3 +/CD 4 +,CD 3 +/HLA-DR and CD 4/CD 8 ratio in active period were lower in 16 patients than those of normal group,while CD 3 +/CD (16+56) +,CD 3 +/HLA-DR + were higher,NK was in the normal range.In stable period 2～4 week after treatment CD 3 +/CD 4 +,CD 3/HLA-DR - and CD 4/CD 8 were gradually increased,CD 3 +/CD (16+56) +,CD 3 +/CD 8 + and CD 3 +/HLA-DR + were increased slightly or no change ,and NK was increased slightly in 13 cases in unstable period.In other 3 case,CD 3 +/CD 4 +,CD 3 +/HLA-DR and CD 4/CD 8 were decreased than that in stable period,while the CD 3 +/CD (16+56) +,CD 3 +/HLA-DR + and NK were double increased than that in stable period.Conclusions Dynamic determination of associated immunlogical molecules in peripheral blood of leprosy patients is helpful to evaluate the change of illness state,it also play an important role in the treatmant of the disease.

Objective To investigate the possibility of measuring ABO blood group antibody levels using renal cortical tubular epithelial cells (RCTECs) of cynomolgus monkey.Method The primary RCTECs were isolated from cynomolgus monkey kidneys and identified by Western blotting and flow cytometry (FACS).FACS was applied to detect the expression of ABO histo-blood group antigens on RCTECs,the binding of blood group antibodies in human serum to RCTECs,and to compare the difference of measuring ABO blood group antibody levels between using human erythrocytes and RCTECs as target cells.Result The majority of cells derived from the kidney cortex were renal tubular epithelial cells.39.90％-73.80％ of RCTECs were found to express the ABO histoblood group antigens with the capability to bind the human blood group antibodies specifically.The expression level of ABO histo-blood group antigen on RCTECs was not influenced by long-term cryopreservation,and the percentage of B antigen positive cells was 39.90％ before frozen storage and 39.65％ after a 10-month cryopreservation respectively.The normal serum and allergic serum presensitized to synthetic A antigen-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH-A) of cynomolgus monkey were used to compare the abilities of RCTECs and human erythrocytes to detect antibody titers.No agglutination was observed in RCTECs test group.The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values of antibody were highest when the dilution fold was lowest (1 ∶ 16) and gradually decreased with increased serum dilution in both serum groups.MFI fell towards baseline value at 1 ∶ 128 dilution in normal serum group while at 1∶8 192 dilution in allergic serum group.Between 1 ∶ 16 and 1∶8 192 dilutions,MFIs of normal serum group were all lower than those of allergic serum.In human red cells test group,obvious agglutination appeared at high concentrations of antibodies,and MFIs reached the peak at 1∶64 dilution in normal serum group and at 1∶32 dilution in allergic serum group,but fluctuated irregularly thereafter.Between 1∶64 and 1∶512 dilutions,MFIs of normal serum group were all higher than those of allergic serum.Data above showed that MFI values in RCTECs group could reflect the levels of blood group antibodies more exactly.Conclusion The RCTECs of cynomolgus monkey express ABO tissue-blood group antigens and would be more suitable to be used to measure ABO blood group antibody levels by FACS.

Objective To explore the differentiation of allogeneic naive T cells to regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (TH) 1/2/17 cells by coculture with bone marrow-derivedimmature dendritic cells (irnDC).Method Bone marrow-derived imDC were cultivated from Balb/c mice.Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated DC were harvested as mature dendritic cells (mDC) and unstimulated cells were collected as imDC.Then irnDC or mDC were cocultured with allogeniec naive T cells,respectively.TH1 cytokines [interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2],TH2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10),and TH17 cytokine (IL-17) of co-cultured cells were detected by enzyme linked immunospot assay.CD4+ Forkhead box p3 (FoxP3) + Treg proportion in CD4+ cells in the co-cultured system with IL-2 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was analyzed by flow cytometry.Result As compared with mDC,na(i)ve T cells cocultured with imDC secreted much less IFN-γ (11.67 ± 2.18 vs.182.00±23.71,P＜0.01),IL-2 (26.67±2.96 vs.318.30± 18.62,P＜0.01),IL-4 (17.00±3.78 vs.45.33±3.48,P＜0.01),IL-10(7.00±1.00vs.158.70±10.90,P＜0.001) and IL-17 (0.66 ± 0.33 vs.238.30 ± 24.39,P＜0.001).Furthermore,imDC induced more CD4+ FoxP3+ Tregs than mDC after adding IL-2 and TGF-β1 in the coculture system for 7 days (22.70 ± 1.53 ％ vs.5.42 ± 1.27％,P＜0.01).Conclusion imDC are more effective to induce na ve T cells to Tregs,but not differentiate to TH 1/TH 2/TH 17 cells.These findings provide in vitro experimental evidence for induction of transplant tolerance by adoptive transfer of imDC.

Objective To investigate whether the amount of blood transfusion affects the lengths of stay (LOS),costs,and outcomes of hospital patients or not,and to prepare for the execution of patient blood management.Methods The data of hospital patients,who had been administrated with blood in our hospital during 2016,were collected.And the influence of blood transfusion volume on LOS,costs and outcomes of patients was analyzed retrospectively.Results LOS,costs and outcomes of patients vary significantly with the amount of blood transfusion (P＜0.01).There were positive correlations between the total amount of blood transfusion and LOS,costs,and outcomes of patients.The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.317,0.497,0.290,respectively (P＜0.01).Plasma preparation transfusion volume has a great influence on LOS,costs,and outcomes than red blood cell (P＜0.05).The transfusion volume of death patients was significantly higher than that of the survival (P＜0.01).In particular,the amount of transfused plasma and precipitation was distinctly higher than that in death patients(P＜0.01).Conclusion Blood transfusion volume affects LOS,costs and outcomes of hospital patients.The administration of plasma preparations should deserve more attention.

Objective To investigate if the administration of CORM-2 can provide protection against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).Method Murine renal ischemia was induced by clamping left renal pedicles for 40 min with vascular micro damps at 32 C,then the contralateral kidney was removed.CORM-2 or vehicle was administered via intravenous infusion 1 h before the onset of ischemia.The blood plasma and renal samples were obtained at 24 h after reperfusion to assess renal function and cellular injury.Plasma Cr and BUN levels,HE and TUNEL were performed to estimate the magnitude of renal damage.Kidneys were retrieved from indicated animals at various time points after renal IRI,and the sections were prepared for histological evaluation.MPO staining procedures were performed to assess the neutrophils infiltration in the renal IRI.Besides,Immunofluorescent stain of TNF-α was performed on the kidneys which were retrieved from indicated animals to determine the production of inflammatory mediators in renal I/R.Results The plasma Cr and BUN were significantly increased at 24 h after reperfusion in IRI control mice,and CORM-2 treatment could markedly diminish the increase of plasma Cr and BUN in mice subjected to I/R.In parallel,histological analysis demonstrated that CORM2 treatment markedly reduced apoptosis of the renal tubular epithelium cells and hemorrhage.IRI caused marked infiltration and accumulation of the MPO-positive neutrophils in renal interstitium.Administration of CORM-2 before ischemia dramatically inhibited neutrophils infiltration as compared with IRI or iCORM-2 group.Furthermore,we confirmed that CORM-2 markedly decreased production of TNF-α.Conclusion Carbon monoxidereleasing molecule CORM-2 could ameliorate inflammation to protect against the renal IRI in mice.

Objective:To analyze the prevention and treatment of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County, Shaanxi Province, so as to provide basis for consolidating the results of Kaschin-Beck disease prevention and control and the treatment of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease.Methods:The epidemiological investigation of data and clinical data Kaschin-Beck disease from 1954 to 2022 were collected from the Fu County Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control and People's Hospital of Fu County in Shaanxi Province, respectively. The retrospective study was used to investigate the prevention and control of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County through the adoption of comprehensive measures such as relocation, grain exchange, water improvement, conversion of farmland to forest and so on.Results:In 1954, there were 6 endemic townships and 127 endemic villages of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County, with a total population of 78 781. A total of 16 327 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 20.72%, including 5 434 patients without clinical symptoms. There were 5 850 patients with clinical grade Ⅰ, 3 725 patients with clinical grade Ⅱ and 1 318 patients with clinical grade Ⅲ. In 1975, the first general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in the whole county, with a total population of 101 341. A total of 9 575 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 9.45%, including 3 247 cases without clinical symptoms. Among the patients with symptoms, there were 3 704 cases of clinical grade Ⅰ, 2 006 cases of clinical grade Ⅱ and 618 cases of clinical grade Ⅲ. The patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were mainly local residents, accounting for 93.92% (8 993/9 575). In 1997, 27 320 students aged 7 to 16 years in 342 schools of 15 townships were examined and found that there were 169 cases without clinical symptoms with X-ray changes, only 2 cases with clinical grade Ⅰ, and the detection rate decreased to 0.63%. In 1997, Fu County began to encourage relocation and grain exchange to prevent Kaschin-Beck disease. The relocation targets were mainly the seriously ill villages with new cases among children and poor living conditions. By 1999, a total of 100 households and 469 people were relocated, and by 2020, 1 569 households and 5 334 people were relocated. In 1997 and 1998, measures were taken to improve water quality in 43 natural villages in 6 townships, with 1 591 households and 7 375 people benefiting. In 2010, a general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in 15 townships of Fu County, with a total population of 135 858, and 3 424 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 2.52%. There were 2 885 cases with clinical symptoms, including 1 584 cases with clinical grade Ⅰ, 1 024 cases with clinical grade Ⅱ and 277 cases with clinical grade Ⅲ. Among them, 32 561 minors under 16 years old were examined, and 49 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 0.15%, and all of them were clinical gradeⅠ patients. In 2014, a total of 73 600 people were surveyed in 170 endemic villages of Fu county, and 2 885 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 3.92%. Compared with 2010, the number of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease increased zero, and there were no underage patients under the age of 16 for 4 consecutive years. By the end of 2016, 666.67 hm 2 of farmland had been converted to forest in Fu County, involving 9 townships (including communities), 33 administrative villages and 1 993 households. In 2018, another general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in Fu County, with a total population of 157 362. A total of 2 308 patients were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 1.47%. Among them, there were 1 270 cases of clinical grade Ⅰ, 870 cases of clinical grade Ⅱ and 168 cases of clinical grade Ⅲ, and there were no patients with Kaschin-Beck disease under 16 years old in the county for 8 consecutive years (2011-2018). In the same year, 22 cases of Kaschin-Beck disease joint replacement were completed in Fu County, and by January 2022, about 60 cases had completed joint replacement. Conclusion:The prevention and control of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County has achieved remarkable results through comprehensive measures such as relocation, grain exchange, water improvement and conversion of farmland to forest.

Laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) has the advantage of high resolution,multi-angle exploration,and is widely used in minimally invasive surgery of biliary tract.LUS has a series of auxiliary function in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC),common bile duct exploration,surgery of intrahepatic biliary calculi,and intraoperative staging of pancreato-biliary tumor.This paper summarizes the application of LUS in laparoscopic biliary surgeries and the related technical essentials.

With the rise of domestic membrane anatomy and preliminary establishment of theoretical framework, the operation concepts supported by membrane anatomy are gaining popularity in surgery, especially in abdominal surgery. However, on account of a deep location and the complexity of organs and tissues around the pancreas and mesangial membrane, there is no unified understanding about the pancreas mesangial by experts and scholars. Meanwhile, few studies on it have been conducted. In addition, the location and extent of total mesangectomy based on the mesangial pancreatic theory are also controversial. The purpose of this article is to summarize the anatomy of pancreatic membrane and its application in surgery, in order to provide support for current studies on pancreatic mesangial anatomy.

With the rise of domestic membrane anatomy and preliminary establishment of theoretical framework, the operation concepts supported by membrane anatomy are gaining popularity in surgery, especially in abdominal surgery. However, on account of a deep location and the complexity of organs and tissues around the pancreas and mesangial membrane, there is no unified understanding about the pancreas mesangial by experts and scholars. Meanwhile, few studies on it have been conducted. In addition, the location and extent of total mesangectomy based on the mesangial pancreatic theory are also controversial. The purpose of this article is to summarize the anatomy of pancreatic membrane and its application in surgery, in order to provide support for current studies on pancreatic mesangial anatomy.

Adult ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Craniopharyngioma ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Neurosurgery ; Young Adult