Objective To systematically review findings on the effectiveness and safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for treating Parkinson's disease. Methods Foreign and Chinese databases were searched to find relevant trials. The searches were supplemented by searching the reference lists of the published trials. The studies were separated into two groups: those applying TMS at frequencies higher than 1 Hz, and those at 1 Hz or lower. Meta-analysis was performed with the aid of RevMan 5.0 software. Results Both low-frequency and highfrequency TMS can significantly reduce total scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) compared with sham stimulations. High-frequency TMS can significantly reduce UPDRS motor scores compared with sham stimulations. On the other hand, low-frequency TMS studies showed no significant overall improvement in motor scores, mental scores or in the activities of daily living (ADL) UPDRS scores. Low-frequency and high-frequency TMS studies also showed no significant overall improvement in Schwab and England ADL scores. Conclusions TMS therapy is safe and partially effective for treating Parkinson's disease.

Based on the concept of general education in higher education,Zhongshan school of medicine of Sun Yat-sen University launched general education course-‘ basic medicine introduction' to all non-medical undergraduates.Teaching contents,teaching methods and teaching effects of this course were explored and evaluated.By introducing basic medicine,the overall objective is to guide students to consciously maintain the mental and physical health and to stimulate students' thinking on the meaning of life.

[Abstrict] Objective To explore the effect of systemic family dynamics,egma minnen bardndom on the psychological traits,treatment efficacy of the first onset schizophrenia.Methods 53 schizophrenia patients with first onset were assessed by Self-rating Scale of Systemic Family Dynamics (SSFD),Egma Minnen Bardndom Uppforstran (EMBU),Neurotism Scale (Nf),Psychoticism (PSY),Paranoia Scale (Pa),Psychopathic Deviate Scale (Pd),Tolerance Scale(To) of MMPI-2,and lie Scale (L) was used to control assessment effectiveness.40 normal control cases were assessed by SSFD and EMBU.The scale scores between study group and control groupwere compared,and correlation and regression of study group were analyzed.Results Scores of family atmosphere,individuation,system logic of SSFD were higher in study group than those in control group (t=4.04,3.295,2.44,all P＜0.05),scores of emotional warmth and understand of EMBU in father and mother were lower in study group than those in control group (t=2.925,3.45,all P＜0.01),scores of refused and deny and punishment and stern of EMBU in father and mother were higher in study group than those in control group((t=4.715,4.971,4.331,4.067,all P＜0.01)).And correlation analysis showed that refused and deny of EMBU of father and mother,punishment and stern of EMBU of mother and PSY had significantly positive correlation(r=0.3378,0.4677,0.2895,all P＜0.05),refused and deny and punishment and stern of EMBU of father and mother and Pa had significantly negative correlation (r=-0.2913,-0.3254,-0.5003,-0.3242,all P＜0.05),punishment and stern and excessive interference of EMBU of father and Pd had significant positive correlation (r=0.3417,0.2958,all P＜0.05),PSY of MMPI-2 and treatment effect had significant negative correlation (r=-0.3194,P＜0.05).Regression analysis showed that psychoticism to forecast the poor treatment effect the rate was 10.2％,father and mother the refused and deny to forecast psychoticism high mark the rate respectively were 11.41％ and 21.87％,mother the severe punishment to forecast the psychoticism high mark the rate was 8.13％,Conclusion Father and mother the refused and deny,mother severe punishment have effects on psychological traits of the first onset schizophrenia,psychoticism of psychological traits has an affect on treatment efficacy,the psychoticism high mark presages the poor treatment efficacy.

Objective To explore the role of adjustable and close persistent peritoneal drain in large ascites and acute renal insufficiency(ARI)in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS).Methods The adjustable and close persistent peritoneal drain tube were planted in 6 cases with PNS accompanied by large ascites and ARI during December 2005 and August 2006.On the basis of drain,they were treated by prednisone,anticoagulative agent,hypolipidic agent,antibiotics,antioxidant,microcirculation-improving agent and aweto preparation.Results After the treatment,ascites disappeared or decreased.ARI was cured in 5 cases.Among these patients,partial remission(PR)and no respone(NR)to treatment were present in 3 cases respectively during hospitalization.After the follow-up of 3~12 months,the complete remisson(CR)of PNS was found in 2 cases,PR in 3 cases and NR in 1 case respectively.Conclusion The adjustable and close persistent peritoneal drain may be applicable for PNS patients with large ascites and ARI and slight glomerular lesion.It can clear away the superabundant water,mitigate the renal interstitial edema and accelerate the recovery of ARI.It also makes the patients have the opportunity of the treatment which includes predenisone,anticoagulative agent and hypolipidic agent.

Objective To observe the effects of the different serum uric acid levels on expression of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers (APP and BACE1) in rats. Methods Intraperitoneal injection of oxygen of oxazine acid potassium was used to produce HUA models in rats. H&E staining was used to detect the morphological changes of the hippocampus. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of APP and BACE1 of the hippocampus. Results Compared with nor-mal control group, the serum uric acid and the protein levels of APP and BACE1 in the hippocampus was obviously in-creased at OAPS treatment group (P<0.01). Compared with low dose OAPS treatment group, the serum uric acid level was significantly increased whereas the protein levels of APP and BACE1 in the hippocampus were significantly decreased at the middle and high dose group (P<0.01). Compared with middle dose group, the serum uric acid level was increased at high dose group (P<0.05) and the expression of APP were decreased in the hippocampus rats but the expression of BACE1 remained unchanged (P>0.05). Conclusion The higher level of serum uric acid may be a protective factor of AD. The higher serum uric acid levels, the lower the risk of AD.

Objective To investigate the in vivo effect of melatonin on calyculin A-induced neurofilament(NF) hyperphosphorylation in neuroblastma cells(N2awt).Methods N2awt cells were treated with CA or CA and different concentration melatonin or CA and vitamin E,the levels of neurofilament phosphorylation and the level of PP-2A were detected,and the activities of PP-2A were assayed.Results Calyculin A treatment led to neurofilament hyperphosphorylation by decreasing the level and activity of PP-2A.Both melatonin and vitamin E had protective effect on calyculin A-induced neurofilament hyperphosphorylation,although melatonin increased the activity of PP-2A while vitamin E did not.Morever,melatonin partially attenuated the decreasing of PP-2A level. Conclusion Melatonin protects neuroblastma cells from CA-induced neurofilament hyperphosphorylation through the regulation of PP-2A level and the increase of PP-2A activity.

During the COVID-19 epidemic period, general practitioners have been actively participating in screening and triage, referrals, follow-up, education and other activities related to disease prevention and control at the grass-roots level. However, there are still some problems: such as unclear of the role of general practitioners in an epidemic setting, inadequate ability to respond to public health emergencies and lack of knowledge of infectious diseases. To meet the challenge of COVID-19 pandemic, with the reference of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) six core clinical competencies we suggest to improve the standardized general practice residency training in following aspects: to attach importance to infectious disease rotation, to increase the stomatology and nutrition course learning, to strengthen teaching in general practice service model, preventive medicine and medical humanities, to enhance the ability for dealing with public health emergencies, the evidence-based medicine and scientific research ability and doctor-patient communication ability.

Objective To investigate the relationship among the activity of diseases , the alteration of intestinal flora and the serum immuoglobulin (Ig) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and to further evaluate the clinical value of fecal cue ratio in assessing humoral immune abnormalities. Methods Clinical data of 401 UC patients admitted in Peking University First Hospital from January 2013 to May 2015 were analyzed. According to Mayo index , patients were divided into inactive and active groups , and the active group was further divided into the mild, moderate and severe group. Serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 and C4) and fresh fecal bacteria cue proportion were measured. Statistical analysis was made to find the relevance among the above indexes. Results With the increase of disease activity , the intestinal flora imbalance aggravated (Spearmann correlation coefficient equals 0.295, P < 0.05) and serum IgM decreased significantly. However, serum C3 increased obviously. Serum C4 increased in mild to moderate group but decreased significantly in severe group. With the aggravation of intestinal flora imbalance , serum IgM and IgA decreased but C3 increased (P < 0.05). Conclusions The measurement of intestinal flora cue proportion, Ig, C3 and C4 may contribute to better determining the severity of diseases and provide beneficial information for therapy.

AIM To study the effect and mechanism of valdecoxib, a selective COX 2 inhibitor, on human gastric cancer BGC 823 cells. METHODS MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to observe the effect of valdecoxib on proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle distribution of BGC 823 cells. Laser confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscope and DNA fragmentation assay were further used to detect the apoptosis. The content of LDH was examined using LDH kit. RESULTS Valdecoxib in 25～400 ?mol?L -1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of BGC 823 cell in a time and dose dependent fashion, the inhibition rate of proliferation was 24 0%～92 0% after 72 h, and the rate of apoptosis was increased from (2 6?0 7)% to (7 6?1 5) %～(16 5?1 5)%. 100～400 ?mol?L -1 valdecoxib also decreased the proliferation index and the proportion of cells in the S phase, increased the proportion of cells in the G 0/G 1 phase, but had no effect on the proportion of cell in the G 2/M phase. CONCLUSION Valdecoxib inhibits human gastric cancer BGC 823 cells growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The growth inhibitory effect of 400 ?mol?L -1 valdecoxib is also associated with cell necrosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate related factors of urinary tract infection due to indwelling catheter.(METHODS) A total of 19 cases of urinary tract infection due to indwelling catheter were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS Among 49 patients with indwelling catheter 19 patients got urinary tract infection,the infection rate was 38.78%.The incidence of urinary tract infection of patients at 1-10 d,11-20 d,21-30 d and over 30 d catheter was 20.00%,30.77%,37.50%,and 69.23%,respectively. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen(isolated),the others were Enterococcus faecalis,Candida albicans,Enterobacter cloacae,et al.CONCLUSIONS The operation of indwelling catheter,continued times of indwelling catheter,improper application of antibiotics are the important risk factors of urinary tract infection.The infection rate could be decreased after taking(prevention) measures according to various related factors.