Objective:This study aims to evaluate the consistency between contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and enhanced computed tomography (CT) in determining the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: RFA procedures guided by either ultrasound or CT were performed on 35 patients with 68 lesions. Enhanced CT and CEUS were regularly conducted after the procedures to evaluate the effect of RFA. The full ablation, residual, and recurrence rates of tumors, as well as the di-agnostic accuracies and kappa values of CEUS and enhanced CT, were determined. Results:The full ablation and residual rates of tumors for the 68 lesions diagnosed by CEUS were 84%and 16%, respectively;whereas those for the lesions diagnosed by enhanced CT were 90%and 10%, respectively. No significant difference was found between the obtained rates using the two diagnostic methods (χ2=0.576 3, P=0.447 8). Moreover, the two methods exhibited high consistency (K=0.882 9, Sk=0.120 4). Of the 68 lesions, 13 recurred within 24 months. The recurrence rate evaluated by CEUS was 19%(13/68). No significant difference was found between the detection rates of CEUS (92%, 12/13 lesions) and enhanced CT (100%, 13/13 lesions) in diagnosing recurrent lesions (P>0.05). Enhanced CT could be used as the gold standard for evaluating tumor residual and recurrence rates after RFA. The overall diagnostic accuracy of CEUS reached 92%(63/68 lesions). Conclusion:CEUS and enhanced CT exhibit high accuracy and consistency in evaluating the effect of RFA on hepatocellular carcinoma. CEUS can provide a reliable diagnostic proof for tumor patients after undergoing RFA procedure.

Objective To approach the therapeutic effects and complication of combined induction chemo-therapy and hyperfraetionated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Form January 2000 to November 2002,101 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated by combined induction chemotherapy and hyperfrac-tionated radiotherapy.For hyperfraetionated radiotherapy,y-ray from 60 Co were performed and two daily fractions of 1.2Gy were given,with an interval of≥6 hours,5 days per week to a median dose of 7255cGy for nasopharynx and 7201cGy for neck.For induction chemotherapy,carboplatin and 5-fluorouraeil were transfused.Results The inci-denee rate of greater than or equal to the third grade acute mucositis was 24.8%.The complete remission rate after treatment was 83.2%.The 1,2 and 5 year survival rate was 90.1%,82.2%-and 57.4%.Conclusion With this treatment schedule,patient's tolerance and therapeutic effect is good.It provids a treatment means for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.But it must be validated by the large-scale clinical trials.

No. Ⅱ fluorocarbon blood substitute in divided doses was infused into the rats in a 12-day-period. Pathomorphological changes of the various organs of the animals were observed dynamically in the first year after the completion of the infusion. Fluorocarbon particles mainly accumulated in the organs with abundant reticulo-endothelial tissue particularly the liver and spleen. The changes of the weight of the liver and spleen and the existence of foam cells could be considered as the criteria to indicate the severity of the accumulation. It was found that at the end of the first year after the completion of No. Ⅱ fluorocarbon blood substhue infusion, the liver and spleen essentially resumed their normal weight but a small number of foam cells still existed, However, accumulated fluorocarbon particles exerted no harmful effects on the functions and structures of the organs observed.

The thoracic aorlae of 39 goats and the inferior venae cavae of 9 goats were anastomosed experimentally with the Large Blood Vessel Anastomat. The pathological changes of these vessels were observed dynamically within one year after the operation. It was found that the Large Blood Vessel Anastomat was rather effective. The vessels anastomosed with this instrument showed a better result than those anastomosed with manual suture.

OBJECTIVETo optimize the protocols for isolation, in vitro culture, identification and induction of hepatic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).

METHODSRat BMSCs were separated and purified by differential adherent culture for 1.5 h with the first medium change at 12 h. The surface markers of BMSCs were detected by flow cytometry. The cells were induced to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenesis lineages. A 3-step protocol including sequential addition of growth factors, cytokines and hormones was used to induce the BMSCs to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells.

RESULTSThe cells isolated using this protocol were positive for CD29, CD44, and CD90 and negative for CD29 and CD45. The adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation of the BMSCs were verified by Oil red, Alizarin red, and toluidine blue staining. The BMSCs induced with the 3-step protocol differentiated into hepatic-like cells that expressed hepatocyte-specific proteins (ALB and AFP) and genes.

CONCLUSIONThe optimized protocol allows simple and efficient isolation of highly purified populations of BMSCs, which can be induced into hepatic lineages in specific microenvironment.

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation for difficult access liver cancer under percutaneous local anesthesia combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.Methods 45 patients(62 lesions) in the experimental group were treated by percutaneous,local anesthesia combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound and in some cases with artificial ascites assisted by radiofrequency ablation vs control group of 40 patients (54 lesions) receiving radiofrequency ablation guided by CT or ultrasound through laparoscopy or open surgery.The complications,and postoperative residual and recurrence rates were compared between the two groups.Results Of the all patients,4 cases suffered from severe complications.The pain scores and the blood loss were less significant in the experimental group.There was no significant difference in tumor residual rate between the two groups when evaluated on one month after the procedures,and in the recurrence rate after three and six months.Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation for difficult liver cancer by percutaneous local anesthesia combined with contrastenhanced ultrasonography is less traumatic and less of complications compared to traditional method with a similar tumor residual rate and recurrence rate.

Objective: To analyze the situation of AIDS knowledge and discrimination among freshmen in Chengdu city, and to explore possible effects of AIDS knowledge on discrimination. Methods: A cluster random sampling was employed to investigate 1 053 college students from 11 universities in Chengdu about their HIV/AIDS knowledge and discrimination. The scores of AIDS knowledge and discrimination of students with different characteristics were analyzed, and the influence path of AIDS knowledge on AIDS discrimination were further analyzed based on different peer relationships. Results: The total scores of AIDS knowledge was negatively correlated to AIDS discrimination( r s =-0.13, P <0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, the total score of AIDS knowledge was associated with the total score of AIDS discrimination( β =-0.12, P <0.01). AIDS knowledge played a role in AIDS discrimination in intimate, general and unfamiliar peer relationships, with standardized path coefficients of -0.20, -0.24 and -0.18 respectively( P <0.01). Conclusion AIDS knowledge are correlated with discrimination among freshmen under different peer relationships. More anti-AIDS discrimination courses should be added to AIDS education to reduce the students’ fear and stigma of HIV/AIDS patients and related risk groups.

Conversion therapy has become the core in the treatment of borderline resectable or unresectable liver cancer, which provides resectable opportunities for more advanced liver cancer patients. In accordance with the first-choice treatment regimen recommended by the guidelines, the authors reported a successful case of Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab (T+A regimen) conversion therapy. The patient with initially borderline resectable advanced liver cancer was performed liver segment resection sucessfully after conversion therapy, and non-tumor recurrence was observed at postoperative 9 months. Postoperative pathological examination showed combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, which also indicated the important value of T+A regimen in the conversion therapy of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective:To analyze the EGFR mutation profile of lung cancer patients in Yunnan, and to provide evidence for clinical personalized treatment.Methods:Demographic and clinical data of 2 967 lung cancer patients undergoing EGFR identification were collected and analyzed from January 2014 to August 2019 in Yunnan Cancer Hospital.Results:The proportion of EGFR mutation in 2 967 patients with lung cancer was 46.2%. Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of EGFR mutation in women was higher than that in men ( P<0.001) and displayed a downward trend with age ( P=0.03). The mutation rate of ethnic minorities was higher than Han ( P=0.012). Mutation rate in patients without smoking history was higher than those with smoking history ( P<0.001), and patients without drinking history was higher than patients with drinking history ( P<0.001). Mutation rate in patients without family history of lung cancer was higher than those with family history ( P=0.008). The mutation rate of adenocarcinoma was higher than other pathological types ( P<0.001). The mutation rate was different among stages, and it was higher in early patients than that in advanced patients ( P<0.001). The mutation rate of tissue specimens was higher than those of cytology and peripheral blood samples ( P<0.001). The mutation rate of Xuanwei area was lower than that in non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that gender ( P<0.001), age ( P=0.036), smoking history ( P<0.001), pathological type ( P<0.001), specimen type ( P<0.001), and whether or not Xuanwei area ( P<0.001) were the independent factors of EGFR mutation.The EGFR mutation was more common in female, non-smokers, adenocarcinoma, non-Xuanwei area, tissue specimen and young lung cancer patients.The mutation types of EGFR in 1 370 cases mainly included 19-Del and L858R. The predominant mutation of EGFR in Xuanwei area was L858R, while in non-Xuanwei area was 19-Del.The mutation rates of G719X, G719X+ L861Q, G719X+ S768I, and S768I in Xuanwei were higher while the mutation rates of 19-Del, L858R, and 20-ins were lower than non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.05). The 19-Del mutation rate of ethnic minorities is higher than that of Han ( P<0.001). The combined mutation rate of G719X, L861Q in Han was higher than that of ethnic minorities ( P=0.005). Conclusions:The EGFR mutation rate in lung cancer patients in Yunnan is similar to Asian and Chinese, and higher in female, non-smokers, adenocarcinomas, young and non-Xuanwei area patients. The most common types of EGFR mutation in Yunnan are 19-Del and L858R. The predominant mutation of EGFR in Xuanwei area is L858R, while in non-Xuanwei area is 19-Del. The mutation rates of G719X, G719X+ L861Q, G719X+ S768I and S768I are higher in Xuanwei patients than those in non-Xuanwei patients. The combined mutation rate of G719X and L861Q in Han nationality is higher than that of ethnic minorities.

Objective:To analyze the expressions of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) driver genes and their mutation distribution characteristics in the Yunnan-Kweichow plateau, and to provide evidences for personalized molecular targeted therapy of lung cancer in high-incidence areas.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of patients with NSCLC who underwent combined lung cancer 8 gene detection, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), RET proto-oncogene (RET), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (BRAF), ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), and cellular-mesenchymal to epithelial transition factor (MET), from January 2016 to August 2019 in Yunnan Cancer Hospital. Besides, we analyzed the expressions of NSCLC driver genes and their mutation distributions.Results:The positive rate of NSCLC driver genes in Yunnan was 67.05%(1 508/2 249). The mutation rates in Xishuangbanna (76.92%), Yuxi (72.38%), Xuanwei (71.88%), Qujing (71.24%), and Honghe (71.79%) were significantly higher than other areas. The mutation rates of Hui (84.38%), Hani (85.00%), Zhuang (75.00%), Buyi (100%), Manchu (100%), Tujia (100%) and Achang (100%) are significantly higher than the minority national average. Driver gene mutations were related to gender ( P<0.001), smoking history ( P<0.001), age ( P<0.001), pathological type ( P<0.001), and whether the Xuanwei area ( P=0.027), but not related to the nationality ( P=0.748) and family history of lung cancer ( P=0.676). The mutation rates of EGFR, RAS, BRAF, HER-2 and MET genes were 44.46%, 10.98%, 1.24%, 0.89% and 0.76%, and the rearrangement rates of ALK, RET and ROS1 genes were 4.67%, 1.29% and 0.89%, respectively.The mutation rate of EGFR in females was 56.67%, which was higher than 33.19% in males ( P<0.001). The mutation rate of RAS in males was 12.66%, which was higher than 9.17% in females ( P=0.010). The mutation rate of RAS in the Han was 11.49%, which was higher than 7.17% in the minority ( P=0.032). The rate of RAS mutation in Xuanwei patients was 24.74%, significantly higher than 8.15% in non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.001), and the EGFR mutation rate was 40.63%, which was lower than 45.25% in non-Xuanwei area ( P=0.045). The rate of ALK rearrangement in Xuanwei patients was 1.56%, which was significantly lower than 5.31% in the non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.001), and no HER-2 mutation patients were detected in Xuanwei area. The mutation rate of EGFR in patients with non-smoking history was 51.10%, significantly higher than 29.70% of patients with smoking history ( P<0.001). Meanwhile, the rate of ALK rearrangement with non-smoking history patients was 5.35%, which was also higher than 3.16% of patients with smoking history ( P<0.001). The rate of RAS mutation in patients with non-smoking history was 9.34%, lower than 14.63% of patients with smoking history ( P=0.008). Conclusions:The positive rate of driven gene expression in NSCLC patients from the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau is slightly lower than the national average. The rates of EGFR and RAS mutations are similar to the domestic average. The rates of ROS1, ALK and RET genes rearrangements and the rates of BRAF, HER2 and MET gene mutations are slightly lower than the national average. EGFR, RAS and ALK genes in the NSCLC patients from Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau have high positive rates, and display different demographic and clinical characteristics, which are of great significance in the selection of targeted therapy populations.