With the development of science and society, increasing attention has been paid to the pollution of environmental estrogens. As one of environmental estrogens, bisphenol-A has been used in many fields, but it has many aspects of toxicity. The studies on the toxicity, environmental pollution, degradation and removal of bisphenol-A have become the research emphasis in recent years. The advances in the studies of these aspects were reviewed in this article briefly.

Nitrogen pollution in water body can not only cause eutrophication but also has direct hazardous effects on animals and human beings. The removal of ammonium is an important process in modern wastewater treatment systems. It is generally achieved by a traditional treatment system of combination of two processes,aerobic nitrification and anoxic denitrification,but these processes are very complex and the cost is higher. In recent years,some new principles have been proposed,such as aerobic denitrification,anaerobic ammonium oxidation,heterotrophic nitrification,which make simultaneous nitrification-denitrification possible. The domestic and foreign study progress in aerobic denitrification was reviewed in this paper.

Objective To study the condition for Pseudomonas sp. W2 culture and degradation of bisphenol A(BPA). Methods The growth curve of Pseudomonas sp. W2 and BPA degradation curve were made concerned pH, temperature, aeration, carbon sources and nitrogen sources affecting Pseudomonas sp. W2 culture and BPA degradation. Results Under the conditions of pH=7, 25-35 ℃, certain carbon sources and nitrogen sources, Pseudomonas sp. W2 grew well and showed a good efficiency of BPA degradation. Conclusion Some wide conditions can meet the requirement of Pseudomonas sp. W2 growth and BPA degradation.

Objective To explore the auxiliary effect of ultrasonic guidance for percutaneous transhepatic varices embolization ( PTVE) for the treatment of hemorrhage of upper gastrointestinal with cirrhosis. Methods Fifty-two patients arranged PTVE by ultrasonic guidance were considered as observation group,and 37 patients arranged PTVE by blind paracentesis were considered as control group. The paracentesis success ratio,time of paracentesis,results and rate of complications in the two groups were compared. Results The achievement ratio of one-time puncture in observation group(73. 1%) was significantly increased than that in control group(43. 25). The differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05). The time of paracentesis in observation group (2. 3±0. 6) min was shorter than that in control group(4. 2±0. 8) min. The differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05). The rate of embolization rate in observation group(100%) was obviously higher than that in control group(86. 5%),the differences were statistically significant(P<0. 05),and the rate of complications was less than that in control group. Conclusion The ultrasonic guidance plays an important assistant roles for PTVE,it is helpful to determine the location of portal vein and increase the paracentesis succeed ratio and speed. It is safe and deserved to be spread.

BACKGROUND: Acute rejection is a main complication and the major risk factors of chronic rejection and chronic graft dysfunction (CGD) after renal transplantation. Therefore, it is significant to investigate the effect of hydrogen ion excretion of renal tubule on the early diagnosis of the dysfunction of graft in renal transplantation patients.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of the hydrogen ion excretion of renal tubule on the diagnosis and efficacy of acute and chronic rejection of graft after renal transplantation.DESIGN: Case-controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Urinary Surgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 26 patients after successive renal transplantation were enrolled at Department of Urinary Surgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from May 2000 to June 2005. The age of all patients ranged from 21-58 years with an average of 35 years, including 16 males and 10 females. Recipients' primary diseases were chronic glomerulonephrltis (CGN) and chronic renal function failure (CRF). One patient was in the 2nd transplantation. All patients received cadaveric renal transplantation. Donors and recipients had the same blood type and negative of lymphocytotoxicity test. All patients singed the informed consent.METHODS: According to clinical symptoms and bloodstream tested by color Doppler ultrasound, 16 patients without rejection were considered as stabilization group and 10 patients with rejection as rejection group. The rejection group was divided into prerejection, rejection and recovery phases. Medistream urine was collected with clean chemical glass bottle in the morning before operation and at week 1 after operation, once a week for successively 10 weeks. Urine titratable acid, NH+4 and net acidity levels were measured to evaluate hydrogen ion excretion of renal tubule.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Urine titratable acid (TA), NH+4 and net acid excretion capacity (NAC) levels of patients in the two groups.RESULTS: Totally 26 patients were involved in the result analysis. Hydrogen ion excretion of renal tubule examination showed that the hydrogen ion excretion was intended to normal in rejection prophase patients. The hydrogen ion excretion of renal tubule was significantly decreased in the rejection phase patients, compared with those in the rejection prophase patients and patients of stabilization group (P ＜ 0.01 ). The hydrogen ion excretion of renal tubule was recovered rapidly in the most acute rejective patients after treatment. The recovery of hydrogen ion excretion of renal tubule was various. The recovery time of most cases ranged from 1-10 weeks with an average of about 6 weeks, 2 cases did not recover in 10 weeks and 3 cases of 4 severe rejection cases had slow recovery after treatment.CONCLUSION : Hydrogen ion excretion of renal tubule can bridge the gap of bad reflection of renal tubule function from serum creatinine (Scr) and can diagnose the acute rejection after renal transplantation in continuous observation, and especially can be as a valuable index to assess curative effect and prognosis of rejection treatment.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of reverse transcription_polymerase chain reaction (RT_PCR) to evaluate the inactivation efficacy of viruses in water, and to discuss the mechanisms of HAV inactivation by chlorine. Methods Cell cultrue, ELISA method and long_overlapping RT_PCR were developed to detect the infectivity, antigenicity and entire genome of HAV inactivated by chlorine. Results The cell culture results revealed that the infectivity was completely inactivated after exposure to 10 mg/L or 20 mg/L of cholrine for more than 30 minutes, the antigenicity was completely inactivated after exposure to 10 mg/L of chlorine for 60 minutes. The 5' nontranslated region (5'NTR) of neculear acids of HAV was the most sensitive to chlorine, which was confirmed with the inactivation of infectivity of HAV. Conclusions The results implied that the inactivation of HAV by chlorine was due to the loss the 5' NTR. It was believed that PCR could be used to assess the efficacy of disinfection of HAV by chlorine and also could be applied to research the inactivation mechanisms of viruses by disinfectants.

Objective To screen and seperate nitrobacteria that could be used to treat nitrogenous compound pollution.Methods Autotrophic nitrite-oxidizing microorganisms were screened by enrichment culture from soil.After morphological and biological detection,primers were designed to detect the distinctive gene norB of nitrobacteria.The PCR production was se-quenced,and the homology was identified according to the sequence in Genbank.Results One strain of bacterium was screened that could oxidize nitrite.This bacterium was small,light-yellow bacilli.The expected-size DNA fragments could be amplicated by PCR.The sequence of a PCR production was blasted in Genbank and showed99%consistent with norB gene of N hamburgensis.Conclusion It was preliminarily confirmed that the microorganism screened in this study might be nitrobac-terium.

Objective To amplify and sequence the distinctive norB gene of Nitrobacterium. Methods The norB gene was amplified by PCR and was cloned into T-vector and then transformed into E.coli JM109. After white-and-blue selection, positive colonies were sequenced with T7 sequencing primers by Takara Company. Spliced with Vector NTI Suite software, the homologous analysis of sequences were conducted in Genbank through Internet. Results The results showed that all of norB genes obtained from the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were homologous with the norB gene of Nitrobacterium hamburgensis in Genbank. The homology ranged from 96% to 98%, and there were no frameshift mutations, which guaranteed the correct ORF. Conclusion The obtained genes are norB genes indeed.

Objective To detect the intestinal pathogenic bacteria quickly and accurately from water. Methods An experimental procedure is set up using the gene chip technology to detect and identify common intestinal pathogenic bacteria from water. Target gene was amplified and hybridized with prepared gene chip.Results 143 strains of bacteria in pure culture belong to 9 genera are successfully discriminated under comparatively same condition and a series of specific hybridization maps corresponding to each kinds of bacteria are obtained.Conclusions Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are detected and identified by the technology of gene chip. The accuracy, range, and discriminatory power of the assay can be continually improved by adding further oligonueleotides to the arrays without significantly increasing complexity or cost.

Background Excessive elongation of axis and expansion of sclera is one of the hot topics in the study of the pathogenesis of high myopia.To establish a human scleral fibroblasts (HSFs)-collagen matrix culture model is helpful for understanding the reciprocal and adaptive interactions between HSFs and the collagen matrix in tissue.Objective The aim of this study was to establish a HSFs-seeded collagen three-dimension culture system that may mimic the sclera remolding in myopia.Methods HSFs were isolated and cultured from donor eyes by explant culture and purified by passages culture in vitro.The expressions of vimentin and keratin in the cells were detected by immunofluorescence technique to identify the cells.Rat tail tendon was obtained from 8-week-old SPF SD rats to prepare the collagen matrix.The mixed solution of 400 μl collagen matrix and 1 100 μl PBS,200 μ1 nutrient medium,50 μ1 NaOH and HSF suspension were mixed to prepare the collagen gel three-demension culture system.The growth and morphology of the cells in the culture system were observed under the inverted phase contrast microscope,and IPP-5 software was used to measure the contraction area of collagen gel,and the mechanical creep properties of the HSFs-seeded collagen matrix were measured by a biomechanics test instrument.Results HSFs emigrated from tissue 7 days after culture and passage could be performed 14 days after culture.The expression of keratin was absent in HSFs,while vimentin was positively expressed.The free-cell collagen gel was clear and unchanged in the experimental duration.However,the cells were obviously increased on the three-demension culture system and showed a tissue-like structure of net-like arrangement on dozens of layers.In 7-14 days after culture,the collagen gel area in a three-demension collagen matrix revealed a decrease of 90％.Duotriode-like and fusiform cells were seen 24 hours after culture.The biomechanical creep curve of HSFs-seeded collagen matrix consisted of the nonlinear section (0-100 seconds) and linear section (100-600 seconds),and the former appeared to be an elastic change of the gel under the temporal stress,and the latter was the creeping of the gel with the time.Conclusions Rat tail collagen appears to have a good biocompatibility to HSFs.HSFs-seeded collagen matrix can retain the mechanical creep properties,and it may be a good tool for the study on the relationship between HSFs and extracellular matrix or intercellular biological behaviour for scleral remodeling.