Objective To establish a Chinese hamster model of babesia infection, to find the changing pattern of organs and biochemical parameters in Chinese hamster infected with Babesia, and to promote the detection and treatment of babesiosis.Methods Healthy 5-week old Chinese hamsters were infected by intraperitoneal injection of blood containing Babesia.Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 23, 30, and 37 days after infection from 5 hamsters at each time point.Blood smears were prepared to detect the parasites using Giemsa staining.ELISA assay was employed to test the IL-2 concentration.The blood biochemical indexes were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer.DNA was extracted from the whole blood and REAL-TIME RCR was performed to determine the reproduction of Babesia.Aftert the animals were sacrificed, the heart, lung, spleen, liver, and kidney were taken to analyze the changes of organ coefficients.Results The highest level of Babesia in the hamsters occurred on day 4 after the Babesia injection, and then showing a decreasing tendency.However, there was a transient increase on the 12th day after infection.The liver and spleen displayed most extensive response to the infection showing hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, but the variation of heart and kidneys coefficients was within the norm.There were prominent changes of blood cells, especially leucocytes, with two peaks at day 10 and 23 after the Babesia infection.The peak changes of blood biochemical indexes occurred at day 12 after infection.The concentration of serum IL-2 reached a peak on the 10th day after infection.Conclusions The Chinese hamsters display typical characteristics of tick-borne diseases such as hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.The immunological system is activated along with the infection and reaches a highest stage in the second week.Afterwards the Babesia can live in the hamster body for a long period of time.The results of this study provide useful information supporting further studies on the detection, treatment and prevention of Babesiosis.

Objective To establish an eukaryotic vector of monkey B virus glycoprotein D gene and analyze the expression of gD gene in human embryonic kidney 293T cells.Method First, the protein of monkey B virus glycoprotein D was obtained by gene synthesis.The gene fragments were digested with Pst I and Not I, and ligated to pEGPF-N3. Then, the recombinant plasmid pEGPF-N3-GD was transfected into 293T cells.The expression of gD protein in the cells was detected by Western blot, and the expression localization was investigated using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Results The recombinant plasmid pEGPF-N3 carrying gD gene was successfully constructed, and normally expressed in the 293T cells.Conclusions Glycoprotein D of monkey B virus is expressed successfully in the 293T cells and the protein is located on the cell surface.It may be useful for the preparation of specific recombinant antigen to the glycoprotein D of monkey B virus on cell surface, and can be also used for preparation of antigen slide for detection of monkey B virus.

Objective To get the gene encoding extracellular domains of gB protein of B virus and analyze its expression in the eukaryocyte cell.Methods synthesizing gene fragment encoding extracellular domains of gB protein of B virus was by using synthesis gene, then digested with the restriction endonucleases BamHⅠand NotⅠand inserted into eukaryotic expressing vector pEGFP-N3.pEGFP-N3-GB合 was transfected into 293 cells.After protein extraction, the expression of gene was detcted by western blotting, and the cellular localization of the gene was analyzed by immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy.Results pEGFP-N3-GB合were expressed in 293 cells and on the cell membrane.Conclusion eukaryotic expressing system can produce specific antigen recombination protein of B virus gB protein and express on the cell membrane.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration training on exercise ability and quality of life in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:Randomized controlled trials on the application of whole-body vibration training in COPD patients were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, EMbase, Web of Science, Wanfang, VIP, CNKI, Chinese biomedical literature database, and the literature was independently screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were extracted, a literature quality evaluation was performed, and the data were meta analyzed by using RevMan5.3.Results:A total of 9 RCTs was included in this study. Meta-analysis results showed that whole-body vibration training could improve the exercise endurance in COPD patients ( WMD=41.65, 95%CI 6.68-76.63, P=0.02), and improve their balance ability ( WMD=-2.31, 95%CI-3.38--1.23, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in improving BODE index, quality of life and lung function in COPD patients ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Whole-body vibration training helps improve exercise endurance and balance in COPD patients as a complementary or alternative exercise method for COPD patients. The impact on BODE index, quality of life, and lung function still needs further evaluation through clinical multicenter, large sample, high-quality research.

This study explores the application effect of the case-based teaching method based on Xuexitong learning platform in the online teaching of Digestive System, and analyzes the learner's emotional experience, learning behavior, and learning effect in the case-based online teaching. The results of the study show that the case-based online teaching model based on Xuexitong learning platform improves students' online learning interest, and the students have good emotional experience, high learning enthusiasm, good classroom interaction, enhanced self-learning ability before and after class, and good learning effect. In addition, precise teaching can be used for individual students who are not enthusiastic about online learning.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a serious cardiac event, which has a high incidence and low survival rate at home and abroad. In order to predict the risk of CA in advance, a large number of studies have been conducted by relevant researchers. This paper mainly summarizes the characteristics and research status of the existing analysis and prediction of CA from three aspects: the risk prediction factors of CA, the evaluation index of risk prediction of CA and the early warning scoring system of CA. We hope it can help medical staff to understand the current progress in this field, and provide new ways and methods for predicting the risk of CA.

Triterpenoid saponins is an important secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, and the tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins, as one of the main categories, have very high medicinal value and market demand. However, there is no systematic review on the research. Thus, the elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway and metabolism of the medicinal plant tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins has important theoretical significance and broad application prospects.In this review, the biosynthetic pathway and metabolic regulation of medicinal plant of tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins were discussed. My focus in this paper was to introduce the research development of several metabolic biosynthetic pathways of tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins centered on dammarane type, and the gene improvement by methods such as metabolic pathway and other technological methods. This study provides references on secondary metabolic framework of medicinal plants of tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins, accurately locating secondary metabolism and its key enzymes, and promoting the sustainable uses of medicinal plant resources.

Background The chronic injury of the hematopoietic system caused by ionizing radiation (IR) is often ignored. The essential cause of this injury is the damage of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Objective To explore the long-term effects of IR at different radiation doses and at different radiation fractions of the same radiation dose on HSPCs in the bone marrow of mice, and to provide a scientific basis for reducing the chronic damage to the hematopoietic system caused by IR. Methods A total of 16 male C57BL/6 mice aged 8-10 weeks were randomly divided into four groups that received different doses or fractions of total body X-ray irradiation, including 1.5 Gy×4 irradiation group (n=5), 3 Gy irradiation group (n=4), 6 Gy irradiation group (n=4), and non-irradiation group (n=3). Two months after irradiation, bone marrow cells from each mouse were collected and counted. The clone forming ability of bone marrow cells was analyzed by cobblestone area-forming cell (CAFC) assay. The proportion of HSPCs was measured by flow cytometry. The cell cycle of HSPCs was assessed by antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67 (Ki-67) and 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) double staining. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of HSPCs were estimated with a 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) probe. The cellular senescence of HSPCs was evaluated with a 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-β-D-galactopyranoside (C12FDG) probe. The expression of senescence related genes such as P16, P19, P21, and P27 was measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results There was no significant change in the numbers of bone marrow cells 2 months after different doses and fractions of radiation (P>0.05). The clone forming ability of bone marrow cells was significantly decreased after 3 Gy and 6 Gy irradiation when compared to non-irradiated mice (P<0.01). HSPCs responded inconsistently to different doses and fractions of irradiation. Overall, there was no significant change in long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) proportion after irradiation (P>0.05), the proportions of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs), and multipotent progenitors 2 (MPP2) increased after irradiation (P<0.05), and the proportions of LSK, MPP1, MPP3, and MPP4 cells decreased after irradiation (P<0.05); except for HPCs and MPP2, the proportion of HSPCs in G0 phase was decreased (P<0.05). The ROS production in HSPCs was increased significantly after 6 Gy irradiation (P<0.05), while the ROS levels after 3 Gy and 1.5 Gy×4 irradiation were similar to that of the non-radiation group (P>0.05). The cellular senescent proportion of HPCs, LSK, and HSCs increased after irradiation (P<0.05). The expression levels of senescence related genes P16, P19, and P21 in HSCs were significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion The responses of HSPCs in bone marrow to IR vary depending on doses and fractions of irradiation. Increased ROS production and cellular senescence may be involved in the damage process of HSPCs under radiation settings.