Objective Through the analysis of misdiagnosis left renal vein entrapment syndrome,to improve the understanding and reduce the misdiagnosis of this disease.Methods 82 cases of left renal vein compression syn-drome were diagnosed with ultrasound,65 cases were misdiagnosed.Clinical data of these 65 patients were analyzed.Results In 82 cases,only 11 doctors from renal department of internal medicine,pediatrics,department of urology wrote application for it.Among the 65 misdiagnosed cases,30 cases of male,female 35 cases.The age ranged from 6 to 37 years old,the average age was 16.1 years.The misdiagnosis duration ranged from 2 months to 42 months,the median time was 7 months.43 cases of low back pain or backache,urinary tract irritation in 5 cases,60 cases of abnor-mal urinalysis:a simple urinary protein in 15 cases,21 cases of simple hematuria,proteinuria,hematuria 24 cases. 31 cases were misdiagnosed as chronic glomerulonephritis,occult nephritis(asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria syndrome)in 11 cases,acute nephritis comprehensive sign in 9 cases,7 cases of lumbar muscle strain,urinary tract infection in 4 cases,1 case of urinary tract stones,pelvic inflammatory disease in 2 cases.In the 16 cases complicated with glomerular nephritis,were treated as the glomerular nephritis before (11 cases of chronic nephritis,5 cases of asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria syndrome).12 cases of abnormal urine fluctuation,after a delay of 3 -16 months referral doctor was diagnosed with left renal vein entrapment syndrome.Conclusion The disease has no char-acteristic clinical manifestations,and most clinicians were short in understanding of the disease,so the misdiagnosis rate is high.The clinicians should improve the understanding of the disease,in order to reduce the misdiagnosis rate.