Objective:To investigate the effects of Bailing capsules on the expression of TGF-β1 in the peritoneal dialysis solution for peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods: Totally 40 patients treated with peritoneal dialysis ( PD) were randomly divided into two groups (20 cases in the control group and 20 cases in the experimental group). All the patients were treated with PD by 1. 5% perito-neal dialysis effluent (6 000 ml everyday), and the patients in the experimental group were additionally treated with Bailing capsules (5 capsules each time, three times a day after meals) for 6 months. The adequacy of PD (including Kt/V and Ccr) of the two groups was examined after the one-month treatment. The renal function and the level of TGF-β1 in the effluent in 1, 3 and 6 month were com-pared between the two groups. Results:The adequacy of PD ( Kt/V and Ccr ) had no significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 05). The level of serum creatine was decreased significantly in both groups after the one-month treatment (P<0. 05), and no significant change was shown in 3 and 6 month (P>0. 05). In the control group, the expression of TGF-β1 in the effluent in 1, 3 and 6 month was increased gradually with significant difference (P<0. 05). In the experimental group, the expression of TGF-β1 in the effluent had no significant difference in 1, 3 and 6 month (P>0. 05), which was lower than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Bailing capsules can decrease the expression of TGF -β1 in the effluent for the patients treated with PD and inhibit the peritoneal fibrosis.

Based on the Pharmaceutical Comprehensive Knowledge and Skills Outline in the year of 2003, 2007, 2011 and 2015,the changes and the trend in the chapters and contents of Pharmaceutical Comprehensive Knowledge and Skills were analyzed and discussed,the meaning of versions was elaborated,and the shortcomings were discussed as well. The catalog of the chapters and contents conformed to the economic and social development in China,which is moving toward the direction of clinical pharmacy service.

Objective To examine the value of child and adolescent Korotkoff phase Ⅳ(K4)and Korotkoff phaseⅤ(K5)diastolic blood pressures for predicting subclinical cardiovascular disease(CVD)in adulthood.Methods The data was obtained from the Beijing Children Blood Pressure Study.A total of 3 198(1 700 males,53.2%)healthy children aged 6-18 years from 6 districts in Beijing in 1987 were selected.The physical examination process included measuring height,weight,and blood pressure.From a follow-up survey in 2010-2012,1 252 subjects were analyzed by the same measurements (height,weight and blood pressure)and also by using subclinical markers for vascular damage,including carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT)and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV).Childhood hypertension at baseline and adulthood hypertension were diagnosed according to the China Guideline for Hypertension Prevention and Control issued in 2010.High cfPWV and high cIMT were defined in adults as having higher than age and gender-specific 75th percentile of cfPWV and cIMT.Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to describe the association of K4 and K5 in childhood with systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),cfPWV, and cIMT in adulthood.Logistic regression was used to analyze the values of K4 and K5 to predict subclinical CVD in adulthood.Results The baseline mean value of K4 DBP was (66.4 ± 9.1)mmHg (1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)and K5 DBP was (54.1 ± 11.1)mmHg.The prevalence rates of high-normal blood pressure were 9.4% with DBP measured by using K4,and 6.9% with DBP measured by using K5,respectively. The prevalence rates of hypertension were 11. 3% with DBP measured by using K4,and 8.4%with DBP measured by using K5.After adjustment for age and follow-up age,Pearson correlation analyses showed K4 DBP and K5 DBP in childhood were all significantly associated with adult SBP,DBP,cIMT,cfPWV in males and in females (all P＜0.05).K4 in childhood was better correlated with SBP,DBP,cIMT and cfPWV in adulthood than K5.With multi-factor logistic regression analysis,K4 was better than K5 in predicting CVD in adulthood after controlling gender and age.Further K4 was more effective in predicting cfPWV than cIMT.Conclusions There was a significant difference between K4 and K5 in Chinese children and adolescents. K4 in childhood was better correlated with CVD in adults than K5,and K4 is superior to K5 when using auscultator technique to measure DBP.