To investigate the effects of particle size, mPEG molecular weight, coating density and zeta potential of monomethoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-PLGA) nanoparticles on their transportation across the rat nasal mucosa, mPEG-PLGA-NPs with different mPEG molecular weights (M(r) 1 000, 2 000) and coating density (0, 5%, 10%, 15%) and chitosan coated PLGA-NP, which loaded coumarin-6 as fluorescent marker, were prepared with the nanoprecipitation method and emulsion-solvent evaporation method, and determine their particle size, zeta potential, the efficiency of fluorescent labeling, in vitro leakage rate and the stability with the lysozyme were determined. The effects of physical and chemical properties on the transmucosal transport of the fluorescent nanoparticles were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The result showed that the size of nanoparticles prepared with nanoprecipitation method varied between 120 and 200 nm; the size of nanoparticles prepared with emulsion-solvent evaporation method varied between 420 and 450 nm. Nanoparticles dispersed uniformly; the zeta potential of PLGA-NPs was negative; mPEG-PLGA-NPs was close to neutral; chitosan coated PLGA-NPs was positive; and the efficiency of fluorescent labeling were higher than 80%. In vitro leak was less than 5% within 4 h and nanoparticles were basically stable with lysozyme. The CLSM results show that the transportation efficiency of mPEG-PLGA-NPs with a high PEG coating density and high mPEG molecular weight was significantly higher than that of uncoated PLGA nanoparticles and also that of chitosan coated PLGA-NPs (P < 0.05). The hydrophilcity, zeta potential and particle size of nanoparticles play important roles on the efficiency of mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles to transport across the rat nasal mucosa.

The present study is to establish Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells and investigate the transport capability of PLGA nanoparticles with different surface chemical properties across Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells. PLGA-NPs, mPEG-PLGA-NPs and chitosan coated PLGA-NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) as carrier material with surface modified by methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) and chitosan. The particle size and zeta potential of nanoparticles were measured by dynamic light scattering. Coumarin 6 was used as a fluorescent marker in the transport of nanoparticles investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The transport of furanodiene (FDE) loaded nanoparticles was quantitively determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Colchicine and nocodazole were used in the transport study to explore the involved endocytosis mechanisms of nanoparticles. Distribution of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 was also analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the nanoparticles dispersed uniformly. The zeta potential of PLGA-NPs was negative, the mPEG-PLGA-NPs was close to neutral and the CS-PLGA-NPs was positive. The entrapment efficiency of FDE in all nanoparticles was higher than 75%. The transport capability of mPEG-PLGA-NPs across Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells was higher than that of PLGA-NPs and CS-PLGA-NPs. Colchicine and nocodazole could significantly decrease the transport amount of nanoparticles. mPEG-PLGA-NPs could obviously reduce the distribution of ZO-1 protein than PLGA-NPs and CS-PLGA-NPs. The transport mechanism of PLGA-NPs and mPEG-PLGA-NPs were indicated to be a combination of endocytosis and paracellular way, while CS-PLGA-NPs mainly relied on the endocytosis way. PEG coating could shield the surface charge and enhance the hydrophilicity of PLGA nanoparticles, which leads mPEG-PLGA-NPs to possess higher anti-adhesion activity. As a result, mPEG-PLGA-NPs could penetrate the mucus layer rapidly and transport across Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells.

Objective To investigate the impacts of fire needling combined with Huoxue Huayu Decoction on disease severity,skin barrier function and hemorheology in patients with psoriasis vulgaris of blood stasis syndrome.Methods A total of 120 patients with psoriasis vulgaris of blood stasis syn-drome treated in our hospital were randomly divided into traditional Chinese medicine group(60 ca-ses)and combined group(60 cases)according to the random number table method.The TCM syn-drome scores,severity[Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI)score],hemorheology(whole blood low shear viscosity and high shear viscosity,plasma viscosity),skin barrier function(transepi-dermal moisture loss,stratum corneum water content and sebum content),quality of life[Dermatology Life Quality Index(DLQI)score]and clinical healing effect were compared.Results Compared with before treatment,the scores of TCM syndromes such as hypertrophic infiltration of skin lesions,skin lesion color,pruritus,and skin dryness,PASI score,whole blood low shear viscosity,whole blood high shear viscosity,plasma viscosity,transepidermal water loss and DLQI score in both groups were decreased after treatment,and the degree of reduction in the combined group was more significant than that in the traditional Chinese medicine group(P＜0.05).Compared with before treatment,the wa-ter content and sebum content of the stratum corneum in both groups increased after treatment,and the combined group was higher than the traditional Chinese medicine group(P＜0.05).The total effective rate of the combined group was 93.33％,which was higher than 78.33％of the traditional Chinese medicine group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Fire needling combined with Huoxue Huayu Decoction for psoriasis vulgaris of blood stasis syndrome can usefully ameliorate the clinical symptoms and skin barrier function,regulate blood rheologyindexes,and enhance the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the impacts of fire needling combined with Huoxue Huayu Decoction on disease severity,skin barrier function and hemorheology in patients with psoriasis vulgaris of blood stasis syndrome.Methods A total of 120 patients with psoriasis vulgaris of blood stasis syn-drome treated in our hospital were randomly divided into traditional Chinese medicine group(60 ca-ses)and combined group(60 cases)according to the random number table method.The TCM syn-drome scores,severity[Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI)score],hemorheology(whole blood low shear viscosity and high shear viscosity,plasma viscosity),skin barrier function(transepi-dermal moisture loss,stratum corneum water content and sebum content),quality of life[Dermatology Life Quality Index(DLQI)score]and clinical healing effect were compared.Results Compared with before treatment,the scores of TCM syndromes such as hypertrophic infiltration of skin lesions,skin lesion color,pruritus,and skin dryness,PASI score,whole blood low shear viscosity,whole blood high shear viscosity,plasma viscosity,transepidermal water loss and DLQI score in both groups were decreased after treatment,and the degree of reduction in the combined group was more significant than that in the traditional Chinese medicine group(P＜0.05).Compared with before treatment,the wa-ter content and sebum content of the stratum corneum in both groups increased after treatment,and the combined group was higher than the traditional Chinese medicine group(P＜0.05).The total effective rate of the combined group was 93.33％,which was higher than 78.33％of the traditional Chinese medicine group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Fire needling combined with Huoxue Huayu Decoction for psoriasis vulgaris of blood stasis syndrome can usefully ameliorate the clinical symptoms and skin barrier function,regulate blood rheologyindexes,and enhance the quality of life.