[Objective] Analyzing and summarizing the compatibility characters and the clinical applications of theAngle Medicinesof Aconite, in order to enlighten the modern applications. [Methods] According to the theories of classical prescriptions, arranging the compatibility characteristics and clinical applications of theAngle Medicinesof Aconite, there are three kinds ofAngle Medicines, including theAngles Medicineas independent prescriptions, theAngle Medicinesas the main part of prescriptions and theAngle Medicineas the combinations of prescriptions. At last, listing two cases of theAngle Medicinesof Aconite as the examples of clinical experience to demonstrate theAngle Medicines. [Results]This article sorted out 7 pairs ofAngle Medicinesof Aconite as the first kind, 8 pairsAngle Medicinesof Aconite as the second kind, and theAngle Medicinesof Aconite as combinations. In clinic, we use the Aconite, fried ginger and Licorice to treat long-term diarrhea, use Aconite, Semen Coicis and Patrinia to treat the hypogastralgia, and we gain the good effects, which can declare the clinical practicability of theAngle Medicines. [Conclusions]There are a lot of compatibility knowledge in classical prescriptions. Comprehending and grasping the compatibility characters and the clinical applications of the Angle Medicinesof Aconiteare is very unique and ingenious for modern clinic.

AIM:To investigate the renal function and pathological changes in Npc1 mutant ( Npc1-/-) mice. METHODS:Different genotypes of Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (Npc1) mice were identified by PCR.Subsequently, the renal function of Npc1-/-and Npc1 +/+mice at postnatal day 60 ( P60) was evaluated by measuring the activity and con-tent of important indicators in the serum including ALT , AST, LDH, urea, UA and Cr.Furthermore,β-galactosidase stai-ning and Masson staining were performed to examine the aging and fibrosis of the renal tissues , respectively .RESULTS:Compared with the Npc1 +/+mice, the body weight and kidney weight had a significant reduction ( P<0.01) in the Npc1-/-mice.The results of hepatic and renal functions showed that the activities of ALT , AST and LDH, and contents of urea, UA and Cr had marked increases (P<0.05) in the Npc1-/-mice.Moreover, the results of senescence-associatedβ-galacto-sidase staining in the renal tissues demonstrated accelerated aging in the Npc1-/-mice (P<0.01), and these results were confirmed by Masson staining, which clearly showed the formation of collagen fibers (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Muta-tion of the Npc1 gene results in abnormal lipid metabolism , which accelerates kidney senescence by promoting fibrosis in the renal tissue and subsequently causes reduction in renal function .

Objective To investigate the growth curve,breeding rate,and blood physiological and biochemical parameters in Npc1 gene mutant mice (Npc1-/-) for providing theoretical evidence in research on Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) patient.Methods 1) The body mass of Npc1-/-,Npc1+/-,and Npc1+/+ mice (n=120;60♀,60♂) was measured from 0 to 77 days;(2) As Npc1-/-mice were born only by the mating Npc1+/-mice,the breeding rate of Npc1+/-mice was counted here from the 1st to 4th generation;(3) The blood physiological and biochemical parameters were measured on both Npc1-/-and Npc1+/+ mice at 60 days.Results 1) Compared with the wild type controls,the body weight of Npc1-/-mice was progressively increased up to 7 weeks and then decreased,and died around 11 weeks.The body weight of the Npc1+/-and Npc1+/+ mice was increased as time went on.After 4 weeks,the male mice showed a higher weight gain than the females;(2) The generations of Npc1+/-mice had no significant difference in mating-parturition interval,litter size,weaning litter and the number of male and female (P>0.05),but the weaning rate of the 2nd generation was significantly higher than that of the 1st generation (P<0.05);(3) The hematological parameters showed a significant difference only in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean peroxidase index (MPXI) between the Npc1-/-and Npc1+/+ mice (P<0.05).No significant difference was found in other hematological parameters (P>0.05).Among the biochemical parameters,aspartate aminotransferase (AST),glucose (GLU),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),potassium (K) and copper (Cu) had a significant difference between the Npc1-/-and Npc1+/+ mice (P<0.05).Conclusions 1) The growth curves of Npc1-/-,Npc1+/-,and Npc1+/+ mice are different due to different genotype and sex;(2) The reproduction rates of Npc1+/-mice have no significant difference among different generations;(3) The blood physiological parameters (MCH,MPXI) and biochemical parameters (UREA,AST,GLU,LDH,K,Cu) are significantly different between Npc1-/-and Npc1+/+ mice.

AIM:To establish a model of recurrent hypoglycemia(RH)in mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)and to investigate the expression and effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)in the intestines of the model mice.METHODS:The T1DM model was established by induction with streptozotocin.Starting from the 15th day of T1DM,the mice in RH group were injected intraperitoneally with short-acting insulin,experiencing 1 episode of hyperin-sulinemic hypoglycemia every 3 days over 5 episodes,to establish the RH model in T1DM mice.Body weight,blood glu-cose,and activity status of the mice were recorded.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure plasma adrenaline,glucagon(GCG),GLP-1,and somatostatin(SST)levels after the fifth episode of hypoglycemia for 60 min.Immunofluorescence staining was utilized to detect the expression of intestinal GLP-1 and hormone secretions from pancreatic α and δ cells in each group.Western blot was employed to detect protein expressions of GLP-1,GLP-1 receptor(GLP-1R),and prohormone convertase 1/3(PC1/3)in the intestine.RESULTS:Blood glucose and body weight met the standards for T1DM mice.During the 5 episodes of hypoglycemia,blood glucose levels in the RH group dropped to(3.3±0.5)mmol/L for more than 60 min during each episode of hypoglycemia,along with levels of plasma adrenaline and gluca-gon and the behavioral changes of RH mice during hypoglycemia,which met the modeling criteria of RH and impaired hy-poglycemic counterregulation in diabetic mice.ELISA detection showed that the plasma adrenaline and GCG levels were lower in RH group than those in T1DM group(P<0.01),while the plasma active GLP-1 and SST levels in mice were sig-nificantly higher in RH group(P<0.01).Immunofluorescence analysis showed that intestinal GLP-1 expression and pan-creatic SST secretion increased in RH group(P<0.01),while GCG secretion decreased(P<0.01).Western blot analysis showed that the levels of intestinal active GLP-1 and GLP-1R in RH group were significantly higher than those in T1DM group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Recurrent hypoglycemia in T1DM mice leads to increased intestinal GLP-1 expres-sion and secretion,which is closely related to the formation or aggravation of impaired hypoglycemic counterregulation.