This study aimed to investigate the effects of concentration, intestinal section and borneol on the intestinal absorption of salvianolic acids. The experiment not only studied the intestinal absorption properties of three concentrations of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B and salvianolic acid A at duodenum, jejunum and ileum, but also of salvianolic acids compatible with borneol at different concentrations using single-pass intestinal perfusion model in rat with phenol red as the marker. The results showed that salvianolic acids was stable under weak-acid condition and affected by metabolism enzyme; The Peff and Ka significantly different among three concentrations of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, whose intestinal absorption were saturated in high concentration, suggesting that the transport mechanisms of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B were similar to active transport or facilitated diffusion; However, there was inconspicuousness in the Peff and Ka of salvianolic acid A at different concentrations, whose absorption was not saturated in high concentration, indicating that the transport mechanisms of salvianolic acid A was passive diffusion; The Peff and Ka in the ileum obviously higher than those in the duodenum and jejunum, namely the ileum was the best absorption section; When concentration of borneol increased, the enhancing effect of intestinal absorption of salvianolic acids increased, but significantly decreased when borneol increased to some degree. The enhancing effect of medium borneol concentration was the optimum. This implied that borneol can enhance the intestinal absorption of salvianolic acids, and the capacity of enhancing effect was influenced by the concentration of borneol.

Objective To evaluate the effect of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) on myocardial damage in severely burned rabbits.Methods Eighteen healthy adult rabbits,weighing 2.0-2.5 kg,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),burn group (B group) and AHH group.Rabbits were subjected to 3rd degree burn covering 40％ of the total body surface area.After the model was established,6％ hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 was infused intravenously,and the target Hct was 25％ in AHH group.Before AHH (To) and at 2,4 and 8 h after AHH (T1-3),left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),+dp/dtmax and-dp/dtmax were recorded,and blood samples from femoral veins were taken to determine the concentration of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) by ELISA.The rabbits were sacrificed at T3,and myocardial specimens were removed for microscopic examination of pathological changes with light microscope.Results Compared with group C,the serum cTnI concentration and LVEDP were significantly increased,LVSP and +dp/dtmaxwere decreased at T1-3 in B and AHH groups,and-dp/dtmax at T1-3 in group B and-dp/dtmax at T3 in group AHH were decreased.Compared with group B,LVSP,+dp/dtmax and-dp/dtm,x were significantly increased at T1-3,and no significant change was found in serum cTnI concentration and LVEDP in group AHH.There was no significant difference in the pathological changes between group B and group AHH.Conclusion AHH can not aggravate the early myocardial damage in severely burned rabbits.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on aquaporin-9 (AQP-9) expression in brain tissue after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.MethodsSeventy-five male SD rats weighing 230-270 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =25 each):group sham operation (group S) ; group I/R and group sevoflurane anesthesia (group SE).All the animals were tracheally intubated under 2.0％ sevoflurane and mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with fentanyl infusion at 25 μg· kg-1 · h-1 after a bolus of fentanyl 10 μg/kg and inhalation of 65％ N2O in O2 in groups S and I/R and with inhalation of 2％ sevoflurane in 35％ O2 in group SE.Focal cerebral ischemin was induced by occlusion of middle cerebral artery for 2 h using a nylon thread with rounded tip which was inserted into the right internal carotid artery and advanced cranially until resistance was met.The neurologic function was assessed and scored (0=no deficit,4 =unable to move,unconscious) and brain edema rate (volume of ischemic hemisphere-volume of contralateral hemisphere ÷volume of contralateral hemisphere × 100％ ) and expression of AQP-9 were determined at 6 h,1,2,3 and 5 d of reperfusion.ResultsFocal cerebral I/R significantly increased neurologic deficit scores,brain edema rate and AQP-9 expression in brain tissue in group I/R as compared with group S.Sevoflurane anesthesia significantly attenuated the I/R-induced increase in neurologic deficit scores and brain edema rate and further increased I/R-induced increase in AQP-9 expression in brain tissue.ConclusionSevoflurane anesthesia can reduce focal cerebral I/R injury by up-regulating the expression of AQP-9 in brain tissue.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of preconditioning with different concentrations of sevoflurane on cariomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial inflammation in rats with sepsis and explore the possible mechanism of sevoflurane for myocardial protection.

METHODSForty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10), namely the control group, LPS group, low-concentration sevoflurane group and high-concentration sevoflurane group. Following sevoflurane pretreatment for 30 min and a washout period for 10 min, all the rats received intraperitoneal injection of LPS or normal saline (NS) and were sacrificed 12 h later to observe the myocardial histopathology. Apoptosis of the ardiomyocytes was detected with TUNEL assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum cTnI level and myocardial TNF-α level.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the rats in the other 3 groups showed significantly increased serum cTnI level, myocardial TNF-α content, and apoptotic index of the cardiomyocytes (P<0.05). Compared with those in LPS group, serum cTnI level, myocardial TNF-α content, and apoptotic index of the cardiomyocytes were significantly decreased in the two sevoflurane preconditioning groups (P<0.05), and the effect was more obvious with a high dose of sevoflurane (P<0.05 CONCLUSION: Sevoflurane preconditioning can concentration-dependently reduce LPS-induced myocardial injury in rats possibly by decreasing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and alleviating myocardial inflammations.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Male ; Methyl Ethers ; pharmacology ; Myocarditis ; drug therapy ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sepsis ; Troponin I ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective:To conduct a Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy(LPPG) and laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy(LDG) in early gastric cancer(EGC).Methods:Searched Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Medical Database, CNKI, Wanfang Database to identify all qualified studies comparing LPPG and LDG in EGC. The retrieval time was from the database establishment to October 2020. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as ( Mean± SD). Comparing two groups by mean difference(MD) with 95% confidence interval(CI) for contious outcomes and odds ratio(OR) with 95% CI for dichotomous data.The RevMan software was used to analyze the perioperative outcome. Results:A total of 10 studies were included, with a total of 1613 patients, 624 in the LPPG group and 989 in the LDG group. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative anal exhaust time, hospital stay, and overall complication rate of LPPG were similar to LDG.Compared with the LDG group, the LPPG group had fewer lymph node dissections ( MD=-2.51, 95% CI: -4.31~-0.71, P=0.006), longer postoperative gastric tube indwelling time ( MD=1.05, 95% CI: 0.31~1.80, P=0.006), and a higher incidence of delayed gastric emptying ( P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of other perioperative complications. Conclusion:LPPG is a safe and feasible surgical method for the treatment of EGC, and can be used as an alternative to LDG.