Most of human cancers are caused by environmental factors; therefore, cancer is preventable. Among the key environmental factors, in addition to tobacco smoking, diet and nutrition play very important roles. Obesity caused by improper diet is the key risk factor for a number of common cancers. However, total fat content of the diet may not be a critical factor and the type of fat and the fatty acid composition of fat in the diet is the focus on dietary fat and cancer. Although there were adequate observational epidemiological evidences on the protective effects of dietary antioxidant nutrients on cancer, intervention trials using beta-carotene and vitamin C did not show positive results. Further studies on vitamin E and selenium are on-going. In the studies on the relationship between diet, nutrition and cancer, the protective effect of fresh fruits and vegetables is most convincing. Recently, the international dietary guidelines on cancer prevention has been shifted from nutrient-based guidelines to food-based guidelines. The publication Diet, Nutrition and Cancer Prevention: a Global Perspective published by WCRF/AICR presents 14 dietary recommendations for the prevention of cancer.

This paper described a microprocedure for the simultaneous determination of retinol (Vitamin A), alpha and gamma tocopherol (Vitamin E) in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. A reversed-phase C18 column with precolumn was used. The mobile phase was water in methanol (2:98) and the flow rate was 1.8ml/min. An ultraviolet detector with 300 nm was used. The chromatogram was completed in 12 min and the retinol, alpha and gamma tocopherol were quantitated by the peak area ratio and weight ratio using benzo (e) pyrene as an internal standard. The mean recovery of retinol and alpha tocopherol were 93.9% and 106.9% respectively. The coefficient of variation (CV%) were 5.2 for retinol, 4.8 for gamma tocopherol and 6.3 for alpha tocopherol. In order to assess the possibility of measuring pooled samples instead of individual samples, the value of individuals was compared with the value of the pooled sample. The results showed that the pool values and the mean ? SD of the 25 individuals compared very favourably.6500 blood samples were collected from both sexes and 130 communities of 65 counties. The plasma retinol and tocopherols were analyzed. The average plasma retinol value (X?SD,?g/dl) was 52 ?9.2 for male and 41 ?6.8 for female. The average plasma alpha tocopherol value (X?SD) was 703?108 for male and 735?101 for female. The mean ? SD (?g/dl) of total vitamin E were 750 ? 124 and 776 ?104 respectively for male and female.

Objective:To compare the nutritional status of inpatients after enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN). Method: A multi-center survey of 1 142 inpatients from the Department of gastrointestinal surgery, thoracic surgery, gastroenterology, respiratory disease, neurology, neurosurgery and the intensive care unit of 6 general hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai was adopted in this study. Body weight (BW), haemoglobin (Hb) and serum albumin (sALB) were compared before and after EN or PN respectively. Results: BW, Hb and sALB all decreased after the nutritional support both in EN and PN groups, but only significantly in BW and sALB (BW: -1.58?2.36 kg/m2 vs -2.09?2.66 kg/m2, P

Objective: To study the amount of fat, cholesterol and fatty acid intake in China and provide the basic material for dietary guidance. Methods: Two areas were selected both in North and South China and each area included 3 provinces, or municipality or autonomous region. Three representative survey sites were selected in each province, or municipality or autonomous region. Dietary survey was conducted by the method of weighing and recording and cooking method was also recorded. The amount of food consumption was calculated as standard person (adult male, light physical activity). All foods were gathered as 12 kinds of foods, and each kind of food was cooked and then mixed. The content of fat and fatty acid was analyzed for 8 kinds of foods and the content of cholesterol was analyzed for 4 kinds of foods. The intake of fat, fatty acid and cholesterol per capita was calculated. Results: The amount of fat intake among North I, North II, South I, South II was 70.5 g, 46.5 g, 58.7 g, 71.0 g respectively and the amount of cholesterol intake was 329.6 mg, 128.5 mg, 400.9 mg, 306.0 mg respectively. The main source of dietary fat was from meat and vegetables. Egg was the main source of dietary cholesterol and meat and egg were both the main source of dietary cholesterol in south II area. About 90% of saturated fatty acid was palmitic acid and stearic acid and 90% of monounsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid. Linoleic acid was the principal n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid and linolenic acid was the principal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. The ratio of S∶M∶P in North I was 1∶1.1∶1, in North II was 1∶1.6∶1.3, in South I was 1∶1.6∶1.3 and in South II was 1∶1.5∶1. Conclusion: The amount of fat intake and fatty acid profile was quite different among different areas and the dietary guidance should be more pertinent The current cholesterol intake was more than dietary guidance in most areas. In addition to egg, meat was also an important source of cholesterol.

This article illustrates that health management, as one of the tools of health service, plays an important role in the control and treatment of chronic diseases as well as the history of health management development in China. It was pointed out that currently the concept of health management is not well established in China and the practice of health management in the Chinese market is quite in a mess. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the standardization of health management practice. The China Health Management Association released an organizational standard entitled "Standard for Chronic Disease Health Management" in November, 2019. It is comprehensive, science-based, easy to use and fit into the Chinese situation and it is expected that it will facilitate the development of health management in China.

Objective: To understand the depressive disorders prevalence and related risk factors among new drug users in a male drug rehabilitation center. Methods: The cross-sectional study was used. A total of 250 new drug users from a male drug rehabilitation center were recruited during March, 2017. The drug users who only use new type of drugs single or use traditional drugs at the same time were collected as the new drug users. Their general information and drug-related information were collected by self-made questionnaire, and depressive disorders and sleep quality information were collected by the self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire respectively. Logistic regression test was used to establish associations between variables. Results: Of all 250 drug users, the mean age (P₂₅, P₇₅) was 30 (26, 35) years old, and 32.8% (82) had the depressive disorders. The individuals taking drug dose over 0.4 g daily before entering drug rehabilitation center had significantly more risk of the depressive disorders for 3.18 (1.71-5.90) than those not over 0.4 g daily.The individuals who bad sleep quality had significantly more risk of the depressive disorders for 6.07 (95%CI:3.31-11.12) than those had good sleep quality.The individuals who were depressive patients before the first drug use for 2.39 (95%CI: 1.12-5.10) than those were not depressive patients before the first drug use. Conclusion There were a high rate of the depressive disorders among new drug users in the rehabilitation center; In addition, several risk factors including the individuals taking drug dose over 0.4 g daily and bad sleep quality, history of the depressive disorders were negatively associated with depressive disorders.

OBJECTIVESThis study is to investigate the effects of tea polyphenols and tea pigments on cell cycle regulators in rat liver precancerous lesions.

METHODSThe modified Solt-Farber precancerous liver rat model was used. Rats were given water, tea polypheol solution (0.1%) or tea pigment solution (0.1%) throughout the whole experiment (56 days). Cyclin D1, P21(WAF1/CIP1), GADD45 and PCNA protein expression were detected by Western blotting and the RT-PCR method was applied to study the expression of Cdk4.

RESULTSCyclin D1, Cdk4 and PCNA expressions were significantly inhibited, and the expression of P21(WAF1/CIP1) and GADD45 were significantly induced by tea polyphenols and tea pigments treatments.

CONCLUSIONTea polyphenols and tea pigments induced cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle regulators.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cyclin D1 ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; genetics ; Cyclins ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Phenols ; pharmacology ; Pigments, Biological ; pharmacology ; Polymers ; pharmacology ; Polyphenols ; Precancerous Conditions ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tea ; chemistry

The results of Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2010-2012) showed that the anemia prevalence in China reduced significantly compared with 2002, and people's nutrition and health status have improved. Unbalanced diet still exist, such as low intake of vegetables and fruits, and high intake of salt. The serum total cholesterol level and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and borderline high cholesterolemia were high among urban adults, and more attention should be paid for high serum total cholesterol level among older adults. These results are significant to the development of nutrition and health intervention strategy, carry out nutrition intervention and the achievement of national nutrition and health goals.
Adult ; China ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Feeding Behavior ; Fruit ; Goals ; Health Promotion ; Health Status ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; epidemiology ; Nutritional Status ; Prevalence ; Vegetables

Objective:To investigate the associations of major depressive disorder with coronary heart disease (CHD)and stroke in Chinese adults aged 30 -79 years.Methods:In 2004 -2008,China Ka-doorie Biobank was conducted in 1 0 geographically defined regions (5 urban and 5 rural)of China.A to-tal number of 51 2 891 participants aged 30 -79 years were recruited in the baseline survey.A laptop-based electronic questionnaire was administrated face-to-face by trained health workers,collecting the general demographic and socio-economic status,dietary and other lifestyle behaviours (e.g.smoking,al-cohol drinking,physical activity),medical history and family history of common chronic diseases.Major depressive episodes (MDE)in the past 1 2 months were assessed with the World Health Organization composite international diagnostic interview-short form (CIDI-SF).The physical measurements included the heights and weights,which were used to calculate the body mass indexes (BMI).Chi squared and t test were used to compare the differences in participants characteristics according to their major depressive disorder.Logistic models were employed to estimate the odds ratios (OR)and 95% CI of their major de-pressive disorder with prevalent coronary heart disease and stroke.Results:Among the 51 2 891 partici-pants,3 281 (0.6%)showed an MDE in the preceding 1 2 months,1 5 472 (3.0%)reported prevalent CHD,and 8 884 (1 .7%)reported prevalent stroke.Major depressive disorder was significantly associa-ted with an increased risk of CHD and risk of stroke.Age-and gender-adjusted ORs (95% CI)were 1 . 80 (1 .53 -2.1 2)for CHD and 2.53 (2.09 -3.05)for stroke.The associations were significant after further adjustment for potential confounders,such as other socio-demographic status,smoking,alcohol drinking,physical activity,and BMI,prevalent hypertension,diabetes as well as family history of cardio-vascular diseases (OR =1 .83,95% CI =1 .54 -2.1 8 for CHD;OR =2.1 9,95% CI =1 .79 -2.69 for stroke).Moreover,gender significantly interacted with MDE on prevalent stroke (P for multiplicative in-teraction =0.01 3).The men with an MDE in the past 1 2 months had the highest risk of stroke in the joint analyses of gender and depression disorder (OR =5.02,95% CI =3.70 -6.82).Conclusion:The findings from this large cross-sectional study suggest that the presence of MDE is a risk factor for both CHD and stroke in Chinese adults aged 30 -79 years,but further prospective studies are warranted to validate the results.