Objective To explore the value of galactography in the diagnosis of breast diseases with nipple discharge. Methods X-ray features, clinical manifestations and pathological results in 70 patiens with nipple discharge proved by clinic and pathology were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were intraductal papilloma in 45 cases, ductal carcinoma in 5 cases, ductal dilatation in 17 cases, breast duct hyperplasia accompanied chronic mastitis in 3 cases .Conclusion Galactography plays important role in diagnosis and differentiation of the breast duct tumor and chronic mastitis diseases, and provides significant information for clinic.

Objective: To observe the main pharmacodynamic effects of Yinaoning (YNN) on acute blood stasis rats and cerebral ischemia rats. Methods: Rats were prevented by the oral administration of YNN (0.4375～ 1.75g/kg once daily for 7 days. The acute blood stasis model and cerebral ischemaed model were used. Results: YNN could decrease the blood viscosity and plasma viscosity, shorten the length of in vitro thrombus, abate the wet and dry weights of thrombus in the acute blood stasis model group. It decreased the brain index significantly in the cerebral ischemia model group. The high dose of YNN could decrease the level of Evans blue obviously and reduce the degeneration of cranial nerve cells. These effects were similar to those of YNN Tablets and were dose dependent. Conclusion: YNN is effective for acute blood stasis rats and cerebral ischemaed rats.

Objective:To establish the method for determining nimesulide in thermo-sensitive hydrogels and study the stability of the preparation. Methods:An HPLC method was adopted with a Shim-Pack C18-ODS (150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column, the mobile phase was composed of menthol-water-acetic acid (65∶35∶0. 8) with the flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 at 30℃, the detection wavelength was at 299 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The separation of nimesulide, impurities and degradation products was good. The linear range of nimesulide was 2. 43-24. 37μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 8), the average recovery was 100. 02%(RSD=1. 12%, n=5). The lowest detectable limit and the lowest quantitation limit was 0. 098μg·ml-1 and 0. 25μg·ml-1, respectively. The stabil-ity results of hard-light exposure, destructive testing and long-term testing showed that the preparation was basically stable at room tem-perature, while under high temperature with hard light, strong basicity, acidicity or oxidation solution, the preparation was unstable. Conclusion:The method is accurate and reliable in the determination and stability study of nimesulide thermo-sensitive hydrogels. The hydrogels should be stored in shady, cool and dark place.

BACKGROUND: Besides being a basic growth factor crucial to maintain and promote the development, differentiation and survival of the central nervous system, nerve growth factor(NGF) also plays an important role in the repair of injured peripheral nerves.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the muscular injection of NGF on the regeneration and functional recovery of rat sciatic nerve after crush injury.DESIGN: A randomized controlled pilot study in rats with repeated observation and measurement.SETTING: Center for new drug evaluation in a military medical university.MATERIALS: This study was performed in the Center for New Drug Evaluation, Department of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University during the period from July 1999 to March 2000, using 40 SD rats weighing 200 to 250 g(of either sex of half number) provided by the Sino-British SIPPR/BK Lab Aninal Ltd (Shanghai).METHODS: Forty rats were randomized into high-, mid- and low-dose NGF treatment groups, normal control group and model control group. The sciatic nerves were clamped at 6 nm distal to the sciatic notch to induce a 4-mm-wide area of crush injury. In the high-, mid-; and low-dose NGF groups, the rats were given NGF at 8, 4 and 2 μg/kg per day(corresponding to 1.6 × 10 3, 8 × 10 2 and 4 × 10 2 IU/kg per day) respectively via the muscular injection for 56 consecutive days.(NCVs) and sciatic function index(SFI) at different time points after the RESULTS: Compared with that of the model control group, the NCVs significantly increased in the high-dose NGF group 35 and 56 days after the injury,and in the mid-dose NGFgroup at 35 days(t=2.32-5.14, P ＜0.05-0.01 ). The SFIs significantly increased in all NGF-treated groups at 14 days ( t = 2. 29-6.28, P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ), with the recovery most conspicuous in high-dose NGF group; No significant difference in the SFIs was found between the NGF-treated groups on the 56th day. Morphological examination of the tissues identified no significant difference in the nerve myelin sheaths and axons in NGF-treated groups as compared with the normal control group,while in the model control group, myelin sheath dislocation with unclear microstructure was observed, accompanied by Schwann cell degeneration and necrosis.CONCLUSION: NGF promotes the repair of the damaged nerve myelin sheath and axon and stimulates nerve fiber regeneration and function recovery of the crushed rat sciatic nerves.

OBJECTIVE To explore cell death type of lateral line hair cellsinduced by cisplatin in zebrafish. METHODS Zebrafish larva were incubated in 1mM cisplatin solution for 6 hrs to induce about 90%lateral line hair cells loss. Time lapse imaging was used to detect the morphology of cisplatin-incubated hair cells in wildtypezebrafish pre-labelled by live dyes Bodipy TR C5-ceramide and Sytogreen 24. TUNEL assay and In situ anti-active Caspase-3 antibody staining were performed to detect nuclei fragmentation and Caspase-3 activity respectively. RESULTS Compared to control group, hair cells condensationand nuclei fragmentation (P<0.05) were detected in cisplatin-incubated group, and active Caspase-3 activity was also observed after cisplatin addition. CONCLUSION Cisplatinmay induced zebrafish lateral line hair cells loss by Caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway.

Objective:To study the influence of vitamin C ( VC) on dendritic cells ( DC) ,and detect DC maturation,to provide a feasible method and thought for quickly preparating DC vaccines.Methods:Collected the peripheral blood (about 50 ml) from healthy volunteers,and isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with lymphocyte separation medium and obtain DC.With stimulating with different concentrations of VC for (24 h),then washed with PBS,and set up blank control group (V0).The expression of DC surface co-stimulating molecules CD80/86 and HLA-DR, CD40 was detected by flow cytometry.By setting the concentration gradient and time gradient, exciting optimal concentration and stimulating time of VC on DC, and analyzed the reasons of VC promoting DC maturation.Results:VC could effectively stimulate DC,CD80/86 expression had significantly increased contrast to the blank control group (V0).And the experiments show that VC’s best stimulating concentration was 1 mmol/L,and on the third day,the CD80/86 expression rate of VC group was (78.6±4.6) %,and blank control group V0 was (34.1±5.7) %.DC surface HLA-DR expression:VC (56.8± 4.4) %,blank control group V0 (25.4 ±4.7) %,the difference between two groups was statistically significant,P<0.05.CD40 and CD40L expression and results show that VC 2.5 mmol/L group of CD40 expression rate up to (59.3±3.7) %,while V0 group was only (11.1 ±2.4) %,that illustrate VC could significantly regulate CD40 expression on DC surface,but CD40L not reflect.Fluorescence mi-croscope results showed that DC’ s antigen catching ability was also significantly promoted.Conclusion:VC can significantly regulate DC maturity,and may up regulate CD40,thus promoting the express of CD80/86 and HLA-DR.When the concentration is 1 mmol/L,VC expresses the strongest regulation function on DC.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of resin infiltration in the treatment of post-orthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs)and compare it with microabrasion.Methods:1 0 subjects with 66 teeth with noncavitated and unrestored WSLs after multibracket treatment were recruited.A simple randomized,split-mouth and controlled design was used to allocate WSLs to the resin infiltration and micro-abrasion groups(n =33).The area of the WSLs were measured photographically by using image analysis software before treatment (T0),1 week(T2)and 3 months(T3)after treatment.Data were analyzed with multifactorial analysis of the variances with repeated measures at an a level of 5% and a power of 80%.Results:The area of the white spot lesions(R)decreased significantly in both groups(P <0.05).At T3 the success rate of resin infiltration group(88.68%)was significantly higher than that of microabrasion group (64.67%)(P <0.05).Conclusion:Resin infiltration is more effective than microabrasion in the treatment of post-orthodontic WSLs.

Objective To study the relationship between the mammographic features and clinicopathologic characteristics in breast cancer.Methods Digital mammograms of 176 patients with pathologically proved breast cancer were reviewed.X-ray findings were analysed compared with clinical and pathologic data(histological types and axillary nodes status).Results The breast cancer simplely with micro-calcifications was common seen is the young women under 50 years old(27/32,84.4%) and microcalcifications with the mass was common seen in the aged women over 50 years old(53.8%,28/52).Microcalcifications in mammography occurred frequently occurred in 51.9%(14/27)in intra-ductal carcinoma and early invasive carcinoma.The breast cancer with expression of microcalcification cimbined with burr-like mass had a high metastatic rate to axillary lymph nodes(69.4%,25/36).A high metastatic rate of axillary lymph nodes could also be found in the patients with solitary worm-like microcalcification,solitary burr-like tumor and simple non-wormlike microcalcification.Conclusion The X-ray features of breast carcinoma are certainly related to the clinicopathological manifestations.

Ketoconazole(KET) is a new imi-dazole derivative with broad antimycotic spectrum. In order to verify the clinical toxic and side effect and its properties in animals, we made a long-term toxicity test for 30 days. Dosages of 70, 35 and 17. 5 mg?kg-1?d-1(e-quivalent to 21, 10. 5 and 5. 2 times of the clinical dosage) were given ig to dogs. The salivation , vomiting, anorexia, decrease in heart rate and loss of weight occurred in the large dosage group. Half of the dogs died from toxicosis within ig 15 days. Laboratory examination showed that the activities of ALT, LDH and ALP, the content of T-BIL, BUN in serum in-creased in this group. Pathological examination revealed that there were some pathological changes in the liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and sex gland in the group. There were no significant changes in other dosage groups compared with the normal control group. After withdrawal of KET, all toxic symptoms disappeared and the abnormal indexes were restored. The results indicated that toxic target organs of KET were liver, kidney, adrenal gland and sex glands. The safe dosage for dogs was about 17. 5 mg?kg-1?d-1.

BACKGROUND:Vertebroplasty with bone cement injection can achieve a correction of kyphosis, enhancement of vertebral strength, and elimination of vertebral lesions during reduction of the fracture. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of vertebroplasty with bone cement injection on osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. METHODS:Totaly 84 patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures (T6-L4), 37 males and 47 females, aged 58-80 years, were randomized into two groups: study group undergoing vertebroplasty with bone cement injection and control group subject to bed rest and conservative treatment (functional exercise of the back muscle). Visual analog scale score, Oswestry disability index and vertebral height were detected and compared between the two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no difference in vertebral height, visual analog scale score and Oswestry disability index between the two groups before treatment. At 3 months after treatment, the vertebral height was (1.653±0.168) cm in the study group and (1.521±0.200) cm in the control group, with a significant difference (P< 0.05). The visual analog scale scores and Oswestry disability index scores in the study group were both lower than those in the control group at 3 months after treatment and at the last folow-up (P < 0.05). After treatment, there were two cases of pressure sores, three cases of deep venous thrombosis, one case of pneumonia and two cases of urinary tract infections in the control group; while only 4 cases developed bone cement leakage in the study group, but with no obvious clinical symptoms. No difference in re-fracture rate occurred between the control group (n=3) and study group (n=4;P > 0.05). These findings suggest that the bone cement injection as vertebral augmentation therapy can rapidly relieve pain, improve patients' quality of life within a short term and restore the vertebral height in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.