This paper explores the existing gene doping problems of athletes in bioethical aspect,describes the development of gene doping,and points out that strengthening the anti-doping education,further improving legal system and strengthening an effective supervision and anti-doping research are main focus of anti-doping work currently.

Objective To analyze the serological markers and surgical indicators associated with biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation, explore their influencing factors and predictive indicators. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 101 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2016 to June 2022, according to the presence or absence of biliary complication (BC) at 6 months after surgery, they were divided into BC group with 21 patients and non-BC group with 80 patients.The t -test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive performance of combined indicators. Results Among the 101 patients, 21(20.8%) experienced BC.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that MELD score (odds ratio[ OR ]=0.134, 95% confidence interval[ CI ]: 0.031-0.590, P =0.008), SⅡ/Alb ( OR =1.415, 95% CI : 1.181-1.696, P =0.001), and plasma transfusion volume ( OR =1.001, 95% CI : 1.000-1.002, P =0.032) were independent risk factors for the development of BC in patients after liver transplantation.MELD score, SⅡ/Alb, plasma transfusion volume, MELD+SⅡ/Alb, and MELD+SⅡ/Alb+plasma transfusion volume had an area under the ROC curve of 0.712, 0.870, 0.712, 0.900, and 0.918, respectively, in predicting BC after liver transplantation. Conclusion SⅡ/Alb, plasma transfusion volume and MELD score are independent risk fators for BC after liver transplantation.The combination of three indicators has good predictive value and clinical guiding significance for BC after liver transplantation.

Objective: To explore the methods of establishing and maintaining community injecting drug user (IDU) cohort. Methods: From June 2014 to June 2017, a community survey was conducted on basis of local needle and syringe exchange site to recruit 200 HIV sero-negative IDU for a prospective cohort study in Longyang district of Baoshan city, Yunan province. Follow-up was carried out every six month to investigate high risk drug use behavior and sexual behavior, and blood samples were collected from them for the tests of HIV and HCV serum antibodies. The cohort would be opened every 12 months to replenish the cohort to 200 subjects. Results: The follow up was conducted for 3 years in 229 IDUs. Cohort follow-up rate was 93.0% (213/229) for 6 months, 92.1% (211/229) for 12 months, 91.7% (200/218) for 18 months, 87.2% (190/218) for 24 months, 86.0% (172/200) for 30 months and 86.0% (172/200) for 36 months. Conclusion The community IDU cohort has a high follow-up rate.

Objective    To compare the clinical effect of three operations for one-stage radical correction of small left ventricle in children with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods    We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 120 patients with left ventricular dysplasia and TOF undergoing one-stage radical surgery in the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2004 to May 2017. According to the different types of operation used, they were divided into 3 groups, including a routine group (30 patients, 16 males and 14 females, aged 11.58±2.05 months ranging from 3-24 months), a large patch group (40 patients, 22 males, 18 females, aged 11.22±2.24 months ranging from 3-25 months) who were treated with a large patch, and an enlarged ventricular septal defect group (50 patients, 26 males, 24 females, aged 10.17±2.15 months ranging from 3-22 months) using new left ventricular enlargement technique to enlarge ventricular septal defect. The clinical effect of the three operations were compared. Results    The incidence of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome (6.0% vs. 40.0% vs. 50.0%, P<0.05), renal failure (4.0% vs. 37.5% vs. 46.7%, P<0.05), infection rate (10.0% vs. 50.0% vs. 66.7%, P<0.05), mortality (2.0% vs. 12.5% vs. 20.0%, P<0.05), ventilator-assisted time (8.34±5.24 h vs. 36.14±10.91 h vs. 38.58±10.12 h, P<0.05), ICU stay (4.13±1.01 d vs. 7.64±2.11 d vs. 8.03±3.03 d, P<0.05), hospital stay (10.48±4.26 d vs. 21.02±3.23 d vs. 22.52±2.93 d, P<0.05) and hospitalization costs (51 300±9 400 yuan vs. 103 200±39 300 yuan vs. 115 500±35 200 yuan, P<0.05) were less in the enlarged ventricular septal defect group compared with the other two groups. Conclusion    The clinical effect of enlarged ventricular septal defect is better than that of the routine and large patch methods, and long-term efficacy should be further followed up.