OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and etiology characteristics of nosocomial pneumonia. METHODS Patients with nosocomial pneumonia from Jan 2003 to Nov 2003 were chosen to be analyzed. RESULTS There were 241 patients with nosocomial pneumonia,the incidence rate of the nosocomial pneumonia in nosocomial infection patients was 41.77%,and the incidence rate of males was much higher than females(1.87∶1),and it was 43.15% in old person among patients with nosocomial pneumonia which was much higher than others,58.72% patients began to have the symptoms in the first 20 days from the day they accessed the hospital,the incidence rate of patients who had been treated by one antibiotic or two antibiotics combination,Immunosuppressors or glucocorticoids drugs were all higher than 50%,the incidence rate of patients who treated by radiotherapy,chemotherapy,thorax-abdomen operations,tracheotomy and ventilator were also quite high,the main pathogens were Gram-negative bacilli(63.95%). CONCLUSIONS We should make heavier prevention and treatment measures in front of target population and their high risk factors and the related rings,so that we can get the real effects.

Objective The aim of this study is to study the musical ability,auditory ability and speech intelli-gibility and their relationship in children with artificial hearing devices,and to provide clinical evidence for the hear-ing and speech rehabilitation for children with hearing loss.Methods A total of 27 children (14 boys and 13 girls) with prelingual sensorineural hearing loss from Zibo participated in this study.Their hearing levels were from mod-erate to profound.Their chronological ages at evaluation ranged from 9 to 95 months with a mean of 42 months. Their chronological ages at intervention ranged from 1 to 72 months with a mean of 26 months.Their hearing ages at evaluation ranged from 1 to 60 months with a mean of 16 months.They all wore bilateral aids.Musical Ears, CAP and SIR were used to evaluate their musical ability,auditory ability and speech intelligibility,respectively.A linear and regression analysis was done in the statistic procedure.Results The means and standard deviations of the scores of musical ability,auditory ability,and speech intelligibility were 27.1±16.7,4.4±1.9,2.8±1.4,respec-tively.The scores of musical ability and auditory ability were significantly correlated (r= 0.856,P<0.001).The scores of musical ability and speech intelligibility were also significantly related (r= 0.827,P<0.001).Conclusion The musical ability is closely related to auditory ability in children with bilateral aided hearing.The musical ability is also closely related to speech ability for this group of children.

BACKGROUND:To in vitro isolate neural stem cel s with high purity and uniform biological properties and to establish a complete set of neural stem cel culture system is the basis for neural stem cel research.
OBJECTIVE:To establish an isolation and culture system for neural stem cel s from newborn mouse hippocampus, olfactory bulb and cortex and to analyze the biological properties of cel s.
METHODS:Neural stem cel s were isolated from the hippocampus, olfactory bulb and cortex tissue of newborn Kunming mice by mechanical separation and trypsin digestion. Serum-free culture technology, mechanical pipetting and trypsin digestion were used for subculture of neural stem cel s. 10%fetal bovine serum was used to induce differentiation of neural stem cel s. Neural stem cel s and their differentiated products were identified by
immunofluorescent staining of Nestin, CD133,β-TubulinIII, glial fibril ary acidic protein.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The neural stem cel obtained from newborn mouse hippocampus, olfactory bulb and cortex had the capacity of self-renewal and differentiation which were positive for Nestin and CD133. After induction with fetal bovine serum, neural stem cel could differentiation toβ-tubulinIII or glial fibril ary acidic protein positive cel s that were neurons and astrocytes. This experiment has successful y established the neural stem cel isolation, culture, identification and induction system, providing experimental basis for subsequent studies of neural stem cel s.

Objective To explore the relation between the Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2)-807 C/T gene and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Han nationality in northern part of Guangxi. Methods 206 patients with type-2 diabetes were selected from the hospital. According to the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) standards, 206 patients with type-2 diabetes were divided into diabetes without diabetic nephropathy (T2DM) and DN group, and 90 healthy people were selected as normal control (NC) group. The plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured by routine method.And the genotypes and allele frequencies distribution were assessed by Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results compared with the control group,plasma total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in DN group blood were significantly higher (P < 0.05). ITGA2 gene - 807 - c/T genotype distribution and allele frequency in DN group were statistically significant (P<0.05). CT+TT genotypes and T allele frequency in DN group were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05).The relative risk for DN in subjects carrying T allele was 1.72 times of that in the C allele carriers(OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.72 ~ 2.517). And compared with control group and the DN group, ITGA2 gene-807-c/T genotype distribution and allele frequency differences in T2DM group had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusions The polymorphism of ITGA2-807C/T gene is associated with the development of DN in Han nationality in northern part of Guangxi. The T allele may be a genetic susceptibility genes for DN, which may promote the level of TC high expression and increase the risk of DN.

Objective To study the relationship of interleukin-18 (IL-18)gene-137G/C polymorphisms in the promoter region with cerebral infarction(CI) and the effect of integrin gene polymorphisms on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) were used for the detection of integrin genotypes in 190 patients with CI and 210 healthy controls. The plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured by routine method. Results The distributions of IL-18 gene -137G/C polymorphism was significantly different between CI group and control group(P ＜0. 05＝ ,The relative risk suffered from CI of C allele was 1.624 times of the G allele (OR = 1.624,95% CI: 1.134 ～ 2.324), The level of plasma lipid C allele carriers was significantly higher than no carriers(P ＜0.05＝. Conclusion IL-18 gene-137G/C polymorphism was associated with CI, C allele may be genetic susceptibility gene for CI.

The basic situation of formation and development of toxicity theory of traditional Chinese medicine in China was systematically summarized in this paper. A new "Network regulation theory" hypothesis about of toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine was firstly proposed and provided scientific bases for the clinic application of toxic traditional Chinese medicine.
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; etiology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Models, Biological ; Nerve Net

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of TMEM16A in gastric carcinoma and its clinical implications.

METHODSA total of 72 surgical specimens of gastric carcinoma were collected for examination of TMEM16A expression with immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSTMEM16A expression was detected in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of the tumor cells. Of the 72 specimens of the tumor tissues, the total positivity rate of TMEM16A expression was 80.56% (58/72), significantly higher than the rate in the adjacent tissues (4.17%, 3/72, P<0.005).

CONCLUSIONAberrant expression of TMEM16A occurs in the majority of gastric carcinoma cases. TMEM16A can be used as a new candidate target for diagnosis and treatment of gastric carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Anoctamin-1 ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chloride Channels ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To investigate the expressions of Th17 lymphocytes and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its clinical significance. Methods Sixty patients with primary and untreated NSCLC were enrolled and designed as experimental group, at the same time, 60 healthy volunteers were collected as control group. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the level of Th17 lymphocytes. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting the level of IL-17. The relationship between the expression levels of Th17 and IL-17 in peripheral blood and clinicopathological features was compared between the two groups. Results The peripheral blood levels of Th17 lymphocytes and IL-17 in the experimental group [(1.7±1.2) ％, (8.3±2.5) pg/ml] were higher than those in the control group [(0.9 ±0.6) ％, (5.4 ±1.2) pg/ml] (P< 0.05). The peripheral blood expression of Th17 lymphocytes and IL-17 in patients with smoking history [(1.8±1.2) ％, (8.8±3.7) pg/ml] were higher than those in patients without smoking history [(1.6±1.2)％, (8.0±2.2) pg/ml], and the peripheral blood expression of Th17 lymphocytes and IL-17 were higher in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma [(1.8 ±1.2) ％, (9.4 ±4.7) pg/ml] than those in patients with adenocarcinoma [(1.6±1.1) ％, (7.3±3.9) pg/ml], furthermore, they were also higher in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ than those in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ (P < 0.05). Conclusion Th17 lymphocytes and IL-17 play certain roles in the occurrence and progression of NSCLC.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have assessed the relationship between multimorbidity patterns and mortality risk in the Chinese population. We aimed to identify multimorbidity patterns and examined the associations of multimorbidity patterns and the number of chronic diseases with the risk of mortality among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. METHODS: We used data from the China Kadoorie Biobank and included 512,723 participants aged 30 to 79 years. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more of the 15 chronic diseases collected by self-report or physical examination at baseline. Multimorbidity patterns were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis. Cox regression was used to estimate the associations of multimorbidity patterns and the number of chronic diseases with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: Overall, 15.8% of participants had multimorbidity. The prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age and was higher in urban than rural participants. Four multimorbidity patterns were identified, including cardiometabolic multimorbidity (diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension), respiratory multimorbidity (tuberculosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), gastrointestinal and hepatorenal multimorbidity (gallstone disease, chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis, peptic ulcer, and cancer), and mental and arthritis multimorbidity (neurasthenia, psychiatric disorder, and rheumatoid arthritis). During a median of 10.8 years of follow-up, 49,371 deaths occurred. Compared with participants without multimorbidity, cardiometabolic multimorbidity (hazard ratios [HR] = 2.20, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.14 - 2.26) and respiratory multimorbidity (HR = 2.13, 95% CI:1.97 - 2.31) demonstrated relatively higher risks of mortality, followed by gastrointestinal and hepatorenal multimorbidity (HR = 1.33, 95% CI:1.22 - 1.46). The mortality risk increased by 36% (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.35 - 1.37) with every additional disease. CONCLUSION Cardiometabolic multimorbidity and respiratory multimorbidity posed the highest threat on mortality risk and deserved particular attention in Chinese adults.
Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Asians ; China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Middle Aged ; Multimorbidity