Objective To explore the clinical effect of two different connecting tubes in hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion. Methods A total of 25 patients were selected and divided into observation group and control group by self- control method. In the observation group, the hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion was used 8 times, and the control group was treated with hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion 8 times using conventional connecting tube. The time of the unloading of the perfusate and the amount of physiological saline required were compared between the two groups. There was no blood spillover during the unloading of the perfusate, the number of cases of allergic reaction during the treatment, and the coagulation of the dialyzer and the pipeline after the treatment. Results There was no allergic reaction in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of saline needed to return blood (t=46.412, P=0.307). In the control group, there was 15 cases of blood spillover, while the observation group did not show blood spillover. There was significant difference between the two groups in unloading perfusion time(4.43±0.14)min vs. (3.02±0.11) min (t=10.784, P=0.003). The level Ⅰ and Ⅱ blood coagulation of dialyzer and pipeline was 12, 2 cases in the control group after the treatment and 5, 0 case in the observation group, no level Ⅲ blood coagulation cases, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=10.667, P<0.01). Conclusion In the hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion therapy, multi-function group of the application effect is superior to conventional piping, is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the range and the frequency of the compression load on the accuracy for discerning target stiffness differences in ultrasound elastography.Methods Quantitative ultrasound elastography was achieved by integrating two compression force sensors,a laptop computer and a clinical ultrasound elastographic system.The force sensors and the ultrasound probe were assembled in a 3D printed mounting bracket for continuous monitoring of compression loads during ultrasound elastography. Both the force measurements and the elastographic maps were acquired and displayed on the laptop computer in real time.Four targets of the same diameter(10.4 mm),the same depth (3 cm) and different stiffness levels (8,14,45 and 80 kPa) were examined by a HITACHI preirus,L74M linear-array transducer.Each target was evaluated 45 times with two different method(i.e.,freehand elastography and quantitative elastography),yielding 1 80 evaluations.The data were divided into the following three groups:group Ⅰ(80 kPa vs 45,14 and 8 kPa),group Ⅱ(80,45kPa vs 14,8 kPa)and group Ⅲ(80,45 and 14 kPa vs 8 kPa).Area under ROC curves(AUC)were calculated for different stiffness levels.Results In group Ⅲ, quantitative elastography yielded an greater AUC level than that of freehand elastography(P =0.0379).In group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ,two methods yielded the similar AUC levels (P = 1 .000).However,quantitative elastography was able to discern 8 kPa and 14 kPa targets (P <0.001),while freehand elastography was hard to differentiate them(P =0.258).Conclusions In comparison with freehand elastography,quantitative ultrasound elastography is able to improve the accuracy for discerning different target stiffnesses.

Objective:To observe the adverse reactions of Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis and Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Combined Vaccine conjugate vaccine at the anterolateral thigh muscle, upper arm deltoid muscle and upper gluteal region.Methods:A total of 12 241 infants who were voluntarily vaccinated DTaP-Hib from April 2015 to April 2019 in Beijing were selected for the study. DTaP-Hib vaccine is recommended for 3, 4, 5 months of age for basic immunization and 18 to 24 months of age to strengthen immunization. Subjects were divided into the groups of lateral thigh muscle, the upper arm deltoid and upper gluteal region according to the actual inoculation sites. Adverse reactions were collected within 30 minutes and 7 days after each does of vaccination at different sites and compared between three groups. The incidence of adverse reactions at the three different inoculation sites was compared by Chi-square test.Results:A total of 12 241 infants and toddlers received combined DTaP-Hib and 35 027 doses of DTaP-Hib were investigated. The number and of lateral thigh muscles, upper arm deltoids and gluteal muscles were 3 461 infants and 11 129 doses, 2 659 infants and 7 957 doses, 6 121 infants and 15 941 doses respectively. A total of 2 489 adverse reactions occurred. The incidence of adverse reactions was 7.11%. The incidence of adverse reactions in deltoid muscle of upper arm was 9.69%（771 doses）, which was higher than that in gluteal muscle (7.58%, 1 211 doses) and anterolateral muscle of thigh (4.56%, 507 doses). The incidence of mild, moderate and severe adverse reactions in the upper arm deltoid group were higher than those in the other two groups. The incidence rates were 4.85% (386 doses), 3.77% (300 doses) and 1.07% (85 doses) respectively. The differences between groups were statistically significant（ P<0.001）. The total adverse reactions of the three doses of basic immunization and the fourth dose of enhanced immunization had the same trend in different parts. The incidence of adverse reactions was in the order of the upper arm deltoid injection, upper gluteal injection and lateral thigh muscle injection from high to low. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The incidence of adverse reactions of DTaP-Hib vaccination in three different sites was low, which confirmed that the DTaP-Hib vaccination got expected safety regardless of the sites of inoculation. The lateral femoral muscle group had the lowest incidence of adverse reactions, hence it should be preferred as the inoculation site of DTaP-Hib vaccination.

Objective:To observe the adverse reactions of Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis and Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Combined Vaccine conjugate vaccine at the anterolateral thigh muscle, upper arm deltoid muscle and upper gluteal region.Methods:A total of 12 241 infants who were voluntarily vaccinated DTaP-Hib from April 2015 to April 2019 in Beijing were selected for the study. DTaP-Hib vaccine is recommended for 3, 4, 5 months of age for basic immunization and 18 to 24 months of age to strengthen immunization. Subjects were divided into the groups of lateral thigh muscle, the upper arm deltoid and upper gluteal region according to the actual inoculation sites. Adverse reactions were collected within 30 minutes and 7 days after each does of vaccination at different sites and compared between three groups. The incidence of adverse reactions at the three different inoculation sites was compared by Chi-square test.Results:A total of 12 241 infants and toddlers received combined DTaP-Hib and 35 027 doses of DTaP-Hib were investigated. The number and of lateral thigh muscles, upper arm deltoids and gluteal muscles were 3 461 infants and 11 129 doses, 2 659 infants and 7 957 doses, 6 121 infants and 15 941 doses respectively. A total of 2 489 adverse reactions occurred. The incidence of adverse reactions was 7.11%. The incidence of adverse reactions in deltoid muscle of upper arm was 9.69%（771 doses）, which was higher than that in gluteal muscle (7.58%, 1 211 doses) and anterolateral muscle of thigh (4.56%, 507 doses). The incidence of mild, moderate and severe adverse reactions in the upper arm deltoid group were higher than those in the other two groups. The incidence rates were 4.85% (386 doses), 3.77% (300 doses) and 1.07% (85 doses) respectively. The differences between groups were statistically significant（ P<0.001）. The total adverse reactions of the three doses of basic immunization and the fourth dose of enhanced immunization had the same trend in different parts. The incidence of adverse reactions was in the order of the upper arm deltoid injection, upper gluteal injection and lateral thigh muscle injection from high to low. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The incidence of adverse reactions of DTaP-Hib vaccination in three different sites was low, which confirmed that the DTaP-Hib vaccination got expected safety regardless of the sites of inoculation. The lateral femoral muscle group had the lowest incidence of adverse reactions, hence it should be preferred as the inoculation site of DTaP-Hib vaccination.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic intersphincter resection (ISR) for extremely low rectal cancer and construction of nomogram prediction model.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 812 patients who underwent laparoscopic ISR for extremely low rectal cancer in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) from February 2012 to February 2022 were collected. There were 459 males and 353 females, aged (51±11)years. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) follow-up; (3) influencing factors of postoperative anastomotic leakage; (4) construction and evaluation of nomogram prediction model for postoperative anastomotic leakage. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range). Count data were described as absolute numbers. The COX proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. The R software(3.5.1 version) was used to construct nomogram prediction model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the area under curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the efficacy of the nomogram prediction model. The Bootstrap method was used for internal verification and to calculate the average consistency index (C-index). Results:(1) Surgical situations. All 812 patients underwent laparoscopic ISR for extremely low rectal cancer, including 388 cases undergoing partial ISR, 218 cases undergoing subtotal ISR and 206 cases undergoing complete ISR. All 812 patients underwent ileal protective ostomy, and there were 306 cases with double anastomosis and 203 cases with left colic artery preserved, respectively. The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss of 812 patients was (179±33)minutes and (33±13)mL, respectively. (2) Follow-up. All 812 patients were followed up for (13.5±0.9)months. Of the 812 patients, there were 62 cases with postoperative anastomotic leakage and the healing time of these cases was (33±6)days. (3) Influencing factors of postoperative anastomotic leakage. Results of multivariate analysis showed that male, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, failure of reser-ving left colic artery were independent risk factors of anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic ISR for extremely low rectal cancer ( hazard ratio=5.98, 4.00, 16.26, 95% confidence interval as 1.66-24.12, 1.30-12.42, 3.00-90.89, P<0.05). (4) Construction and evaluation of nomogram prediction model for postoperative anastomotic leakage. According to the results of multivariate analysis, male, neoadju-vant chemoradiotherapy and failure of reserving left colic artery were used to construct the nomogram prediction model for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic ISR for extremely low rectal cancer, and the score of these indexes in the nomogram prediction model was 50, 49, 93, respectively. The total score of these index corresponded to the incidence rate of anastomotic leakage. Results of ROC curve showed that the AUC of nomogram prediction model of anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic ISR for extremely low rectal cancer was 0.87 (95% confidence interval as 0.80-0.93, P<0.05), with sensi-tivity and specificity 0.96 and 0.60, respectively. Results of internal verification showed that the C-index of nomogram prediction model was 0.87. Conclusion:Male, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, failure of reserving left colic artery are independent risk factors of anastomotic leakage after laparo-scopic ISR for extremely low rectal cancer, and the nomogram prediction model based on these indexes can predict the incidence rate of postoperative anastomotic leakage.

Objective:To investigate the construction and application value of a nomogram predictive model for the prognosis of rectal cancer liver metastases based on Surveillance, Epidemio-logy, and End Results (SEER) database.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 6 192 patients with rectal cancer liver metastases in the SEER database ( http://seer.cancer.gov/) and 312 patients who were admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University January 2010 to December 2016 were collected. Of 6 192 patients, there were 3 592 males and 2 600 cases. There were 1 076 cases with age lower than 50 years, 2 862 cases with age as 50-69 years, 2 254 cases with age equal to or more than 70 years, respectively. Of 312 pati-ents, there were 177 males and 135 cases. There were 51 cases with age lower than 50 years, 155 cases with age as 50-69 years, 109 cases with age equal to or more than 70 years, respectively. Patients of the SEER database were set as the training set, and patients in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University were set as the validation set. Univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze risk factors associated with prognosis, and construct and verify the accuracy of nomogram predictive model for the prognosis of rectal cancer liver metas-tasis. The training set were used to construct the nomogram prediction model, and the validation set were used to verify its performance. Observation indicators: (1) prognostic factors analysis in patients with rectal cancer liver metastases; (2) construction and verificative of the predictive model for the prognosis of rectal cancer liver metastasis. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data was analyzed using the rank sum test. The COX regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates, and Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Prognostic factors analysis in patients with rectal cancer liver metastases. Results of multivariate analysis showed that age >50 years, TNM Ⅱ-Ⅳ stage, stage T3-T4, stage N1-N2, the number of lymph nodes dissected <12, tumor diameter >5.1 cm, positive carcinoembryonic antigen, peripheral nerve infiltration, radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, poorly differentiated or undifferented tumor were independent prognostic factors of patients ( P<0.05). (2) Construction and verification of the predictive model for the prognosis of rectal cancer liver metastasis. A nomogram predictive model for the prognosis of rectal cancer liver metastasis was constructed based in the multivariate analysis. The C-index of the nomogram predictive model was 0.91, with area under the curve as 0.726, indicating a good discriminant ability. Results of the calibration curve in validation dataset showed that the colorectal cancer survival rate predicted by the nomogram predictive model was consistent with the actual survival rate. Conclusion:The nomogram predictive model can accurately predict the survival probability of patients with rectal cancer liver metastases.

Objective To apply a phantom for dose measurement in interventional therapy for pediatric vascular diseases, and calculate the effective dose (E) and conversion coefficient of dose area product (DAP) to E, and to provide a dose reference for studying radiation dose and radiation protection in children. Methods Thermoluminescent dosimeters were placed in the organs of the phantom. Low-, medium-, and high-dose groups were set for three types of vascular anomalies based on the duration of fluoroscopy. Digital subtraction angiography was used to simulate exposure conditions at different dose levels. The organ dose was measured, and the effective dose was calculated. Results For the three groups of vascular anomalies in the head and face, the red bone marrow doses were 8.15, 30.34, and 43.53 mGy, respectively, the effective doses were 12.88, 47.84, and 73.12 mSv, respectively; and the average conversion coefficient of DAP to E was 2.16. For the three groups of vascular anomalies in the trunk, the red bone marrow doses were 2.11, 15.62, and 31.21 mGy, respectively; the effective doses were 12.39, 70.56, and 134.60 mSv, respectively, and the average conversion coefficient of DAP to E was 3.03. For the three groups of vascular anomalies in the lower extremities, the red bone marrow doses were 3.58, 6.50, and 12.28 mGy, respectively, the effective doses were 3.64, 7.04, and 14.85 mSv, respectively, and the average conversion coefficient of DAP to E was 0.73. Conclusion Patient dose and DAP-to-E conversion coefficient are in the following order: vascular anomalies in the trunk > vascular anomalies in the head and face > vascular anomalies in the lower extremities. The dose data obtained can be used to estimate children’s radiation exposure.

Objective: To investigate the role of HBsAg status and content in neonatal venous blood to predict HBV mother-to-children transmission. Methods: The study candidates from a prospective study about HBV mother-to-children transmission blocking who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positivity, and HBV DNA levels >10⁵ IU/ml.All of their infants were enrolled.200 IU of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG)was injected within 6 hours after birth, and 200 IU HBIG was voluntarily selected 1 month after birth.All infants according to 0-1-6 month standard procedure were given 10 or 20 μg of hepatitis B vaccine. Pregnancy women before birth, and infants at the time of birth, 1-month and 7-month after birth, venous blood was tested for HBV virus and serological markers to assess the association with success of mother-to-children transmission blocking. Results: 530 pregnant women and 530 neonates were enrolled. 60.75% at birth and 86.02% at birth for one month children were HBsAg-negative. The successful transmission in HBsAg-negative neonates was 100.00%. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the AUC of HBsAg content≥0.35 IU/ml at birth predicted to block failure was 0.979. The sensitivity was 85.60%, and the specificity was 100.00%. The AUC of HBsAg content≥0.18 IU/ ml at one month after birth predicted to block failure was 0.988, the sensitivity was 89.40%, and the specificity was 100.00%. Conclusions The HBsAg level in venous blood at birth and 1 month after birth can predict the failure of HBV mother-to-children transmission, and the neonates with HBsAg positivity in venous blood are a high-risk group that may block failure.