Epilepsy is a common disease in nervous system.Most antiepileptic drugs are metabolized by liver enzymes.such as cytochrome P450 enzyme.CYP3A4 iS the most important enzyme in P450 family.involved in the metabolism of about 40%～60% of the drugs use for clinic.It also has a close relationship with the metabolism of antiepileptie drugs.This review summarizes the general characteristic of CYP3A4 and itsrelationship with the metabolism of antiepileptic drugs.

Objective To analyze how to establish a quality control(QC) procedure covering the whole samples process within a hospital.Methods To analyze how the different sample handling stage require specific QC methods according to the processing demond of different stage.Results The QC at the original stage help to select proper sample type of specific disease according to its research purpose.The QC at the process stage help to ensure the proper handling procedure of disease samples according to the biological characteristics,which would provide reliable samples for the research.The feedbacks of sample research results to biobank help the biobank to obtain more understanding and more resource to ensure its sustainable development.Conclusions Analysis of the whole process QC on the management of biobank will facilitate and maintain the biobank with high quality and ultimately support the translational medical research.

Objective To investigate the effect of perindox administration combined with psychological intervention on patients with lung cancer after thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods Fifty patients with lung cancer underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy from November 2015 to November 2016 in our hospital were randomly divided into experimental group and experimental group according to the time of hospitalization.Control group, 25 cases.The rats in the experimental group were treated with ambroxol hydrochloride(600 mg/d)from the day of operation to the postoperative 3d administration.The control group was treated with the same volume of saline.At the same time, the experimental group was treated with psychological intervention and the necessary psychological guidance was carried out.The data were collected and compared with the two groups before and after the general information, intraoperative conditions, lung function before and after surgery and blood gas analysis Results , mechanical ventilation time, early postoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay and treatment costs.ResultsThere were no cases of death in the perioperative period.Compared with the control group, the total incidence of postoperative complications was not significant, but the pulmonary complications were significantly reduced, only 1 case and 9 cases in the control group The In addition, the postoperative mechanical ventilation, ICU time, postoperative hospital stay, total treatment costs, the difference between the two groups was significant, the data were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The patients with lung cancer underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy with high dose intravenous ambroxol hydrochloride in the perioperative period can greatly improve the postoperative pulmonary function and reduce the postoperative complications, and effectively reduce the postoperative hospitalization Time, the material pressure on the patient is further reduced.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of cryptogenic stroke accompanied with patent foramen ovale ( PFO) .Methods The clinical data of 8 cryptogenic stroke patients accompanied with PFO were analyzed retrospectively.Results Eight patients aged 15-55 years old, average age was 39.75 years old.They were acute onset.The clinical symptoms were limb weakness in 5 cases, speech disorder in 2 cases, walking instability, weakness of lower limbs, epilepsy, acmesthesia decrement of one side in 1 case retrospectively. Doppler echocardiography showed PFO was in all the patients.Brain MRI showed frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, insular cortex, periventricular body, hind limb of the internal capsule, basal ganglia, cerebellum had low T1 single, and high T2 single.Four cases were unilateral involvement, and 4 cases were bilateral involvement;6 cases were multiple lesions, 2 cases were single lesion;involved in anterior circun systemlatio system was in 4 cases, involved in posterior circulation system was in 1 case, and involved in anterior and posterior circulation system was in 3 cases.All cases had no recurrence after treatment.Conclusions The onset age of cryptogenic stroke patients accompanied with PFO is relatively young.Brain MRI shows multiple lesions, it can involed in bilateral, anterior and posterior circulation system.Prognosis of cryptogenic strok accompanied with PFO is good.

Objective A lot of drugs have side effects on the central nerves system. Especially in children. In vivo neurotoxicity tests are time-consuming and expensive. The neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells and amniotic fluid stem cells provides all ideal in vitro system that Can be applied to evaluate neurotoxicity of drugs. This study was to try to establish such a system. The kainie acid was selected to test the neurotoxicity. Methods The human embryonic stem cells and amniotic fluid stem cells were indueed to differentiate into neural cells by a chemically defined neural induction medium. The induced neural cells were propagated in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor. Immunocytochemical staining Was applied to confirm these cells' neural identity. The induced cells were propagated under different concentration of kainic acid, then the gosh curve were made based on the cell numbers. Results Both of the human embryonic stem cells and amniotic fluid stem cells could be efficiently induced to be differentiated into neural cells. The neural differentiation efficiency of human embryonic stem cells is higher than that of human amniotic fluid stem cells. The kainic acid has neurotoxieity to the indueed neural cells. Conclusions The neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells and amniotic fluid stem cells were proved to provide a rapid and convenient approach for estimating the neurotoxlcity of drugs.

Objective To evaluate the effect of electric vagal stimulation on myocardial ischemia-reperfu-sion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 4-5 months,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =15 each):sham operation group (S group),I/R group,electric vagal stimulation group (EVS group).Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in I/R and EVS groups.In group EVS,the left cervical vagus nerve trank was stimulated for 30 min with continuous electric pulses (5 V,2 ms,10 Hz) starting from 10 min before reperfusion until 10 min of reperfusion.The animals were sacrificed at the end of 120 min reperfusion and the hearts were removed for determination of the infarct size,TNF-α and IL-6 contents and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in myocardial tissues.Results Compared with group S,the infarct size was significantly enlarged,and TNF-α and IL-6 contents and MPO activity were increased in I/R and EVS groups (P ＜ 0.05).The infarct size was significantly smaller,TNF-α and IL-6 contents and MPO activity were lower in EVS group than in I/R group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Electric vagal stimulation can reduce myocardial I/R injury in rats and activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is involved in the mechanism.

AIM:To establish a capillary electrophoresis with field-amplified sample stacking method for the separation and determination of aconitine alkaloid in Xiaohuoluo Pills. METHODS: An uncoated fused-silica capi-llary column(50 ?m i.d.?43 cm,effective length 35 cm) was used.The running buffer was 60 mmol/L phosphate electrolyte solution(pH=6.0)-acetonitrile(8(∶)2).The ruuning voltage was 10 kV and the capillary inlet was dipped in water for 5 s with 3.5 kPa prior to electrokinetic injection(12 kV,30 s).The detection wavelength was 235 nm. RESULTS: This method allowed 400 fold enrichment of aconitine alkaloid.A good linear relation was obtained in the range of 37.5～2.4?10~3 ng/mL (r=0.999 5),with the detection limit of 9.4 ng/mL.The average recovery was 97.6% with the RSD of 1.9%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,rapid,specific and selective with high stacking efficiency;it provides a new reliable means for production and quality control of Xiaohuoluo Pills.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of multislice CT (MSCT) on the misdiagnosis reasons of children bronchial foreign body, avoid missed diagnosis, to achieve reasonable application. METHOD: Fourteen cases of misdiagnosed cases of data were retrospectively analyzed in our department of suspicious in children with bronchial foreign body, and discuss the misdiagnosis reasons. RESULT: Fourteen cases of misdiagnosis of children with 9 cases by MSCT examination showed no obvious foreign matter. Through bronchoscopy intraoperative found foreign body, 5 cases by multislice CT (MSCT) to found foreign body, 4 cases of phlegm scabs, 1 case is inflammatory granulation, all recovered after treatment. Reasons of misdiagnosis were threshold selection error, scanning level from the inception glottis, imaging error, etc. CONCLUSION MSCT is a very valuable diagnostic on airway foreign body check method, but there are certain limitations, we should improve the understanding of misdiagnosis and reduce the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Bronchi ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of plasma eardrum perforation homochronous with palatoplasty on hearing and tympanic cavity pressure in cleft palate children with secretory otitis media. METHOD: Fifty-six cases of cleft palate children with secretory otitis media were randomly divided into observation group and control group. For the control group, palatoplasty was carried out alone. For the observation group, homochronous with palatoplasty, plasma eardrum perforation was performed with the diameter of the aperture 2-3 mm, which was decided by observing viscosity of tympanum fluid under microscope or otoscope. RESULT: Compared with the simple cleft palate repairing palatoplasty, the perforation in the observation group could keep for 6-8 weeks after the surgery. Followed up 6 months later, the children in observation group improved better in terms of hearing restoration and tympanometry. CONCLUSION By means of plasma eardrum perforation homochronous with palatoplasty, the children of cleft palate with secretory otitis media could improve hearing and tympanometry in a short period, recovering the function of middle ear.
Acoustic Impedance Tests ; Child ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Middle Ear Ventilation ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; surgery ; Palate ; surgery ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation

The cingulate cortex, especially its anterior portion has been found to be connected with the head of the caudate nucleus in our previous study. In order to ensure accurate placement of adequate amounts of HRP in the cingulate cortex, a microiontophoretic delivery technique coupled with single cell recording was employed. The use of electrophysiological criteria as aids in placing the injection is described in detail. It was found that the influence of the caudate neuron was inhibitory, and the cingulate neurons responded with monosynaptic IPSPs to caudate neuron stimulation. Following HRP injections into the cingulate cortex, the retrogradely labeled cells were found in the head of the caudate nucleus. It is obvious that some neurons of the head of caudate nucleus which have inhibitory effect on unit discharge of the cingulate cortex project to the anterior portion of the cingular cortex.