Objective To study isolation and identification and culture of rat type A spermatogonial cells in vitro.Methods Percoll discontinue density gradient centrifugation combined with different speeds of different cells adhering to dish was used to purify the type A spermatogonial cells.The c-kit and TERT special antibodies were used to identify the type A spermatogonial cells.The purified cells were cultured in vitro. Results 0.614?10~6 cells per testis finally were obtained and the percentage of viable cells was 92.1% by trypan blue dye exclusion test.The percentage of type A spermatogonial cells expressing c-kit and TERT were 91.7?1.2% and 90.8?1.0% respectively.Type A spermatogonial cells could proliferate and self-renew in the DMEM containing 10% NBS.Conclusion Percoll discontinue density gradient centrifugation combined with different speeds of different cells adhering to dish is an efficiency method for isolation of rat type A spermatogonial cells.The purified cells are type A spermatogonial cells by identification of the immunohistochemistry of c-kit and TERT antibodies.Type A spermatogonial cells can proliferate and self-renew in vitro.

Objective To sum up the imaging features of tuberous sclerosis.Methods CT and MRI findings of brain in 20 patients with tuberous sclerosis proved by clinic,imaging or pathology were retrospectively studied. Results Among 20 cases,on CT,the lesions appeared as subependymal calcified noduli in 16 cases (multiple noduli in 14 cases and single nodule in 2) and subependymal uncalcified noduli in 2,the noduli were 2~12 mm in diameter,2 cases were normal.On MRI,the subependymal noduli were multiple in 19 cases and single in one case,the noduli were iso-or hypointensity on T1WI and iso-,hypo or hyperintensity on T2WI.In addition,the lesions within cortical or sub-cortical matter were demonstrated by MRI in 19 cases,and the abnormal signals were showed in local patterns of cortical tubers.The abnormal findings of white matter were radial linear or wedge-shaped or irregular type in 7 cases.The subependymal noduli were enhanced,and the most of cortical lesions were not enhanced after contrast-enhanced MR scans in 9 cases.Conclusion There are characteristic findings of tuberous sclerosis both on CT and MRI.

Objective To observe the changes of behavior, intracellular free calcium and the expression of calmodulin dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ) in the hippocampal neurons of chronic forced swimming stress rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and chronic forced swimming stress group. The behavior was examined using sucrose preference test, open-filed test and Morris water maze. The intracellular free calcium was examined by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The expression of CaMKⅡ was detected using colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy technique, Western blotting and RT-PCR. Results The consumption of sucrose and erect quantity of chronic forced swimming stress group were lower than those of control group(P<0.01, P<0.05). The escape latency time in Morries water maze test of chronic forced swimming stress group was higher than that of control group(P<0.01). The intracellular free calcium level and the expression of CaMKⅡ in the hippocampus was higher than that of control group(P<0.01).Conclusion The lasting dysfunction of Ca~(2+)/CaMKⅡ signaling cascades in hippocampus may play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic forced swimming stress rats.

Anything in the universe can be explained by Yin-yang theory of Chinese medicine. Synaptic connections in the central nervous system also embody a balance between Yin and Yang. To discover the synaptic processes of gathering,storing and retrieving information in the brain is a hotspot field of modem neuroscience. This paper attempts to analyze the synaptic connection in both structure and function from Yin-Yang theory. The connections of axons and dendrites between neurons arc malleable and constantly changing, showing a Yin-Yang balance anatomically. Remodeling, stabilization and plasticity changes of synaptic processes also embody the relationship of contradictions, conflicts and transformation of Yin-Yang functionally. Therefore, it is possible to achieve an unexpected result to solve some modem medical problems by using the thoughts and methods of Chinese medicine.

Analysis main reasonsof needle stabbing are poor self-protection awareness,unsound health care management system and dangerous behavior and habits.Therefore,medical staffshould strengthen safety education,arouse consciousness of self protection,improve working environment and do proper treatment after needle stabbing to avoid needle injury and safeguard their own health.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between the amount of interleukin-8(IL-8) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) and Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection in gastric mucosa.METHODS Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the amount of IL-8 and G-CSF in 56 patients including normal gastric mucosa(n=18) and H.pylori infection patients(n=38) who were performed with gastroscope with their supernate fluid of gastrostoma mucosa tissue culture,and to examine the difference between Hp infected cases and non-Hp infected ones and H.pylori infection patients before and after treatment.RESULTS The amount of IL-8 and GCSF in Hp infected cases was significantly higher than non-infected ones(P

Objective To investigate the changes of cerebral regional glucose metabolism and regional homogeneity (ReHo) and their relation in patients with major depression disorder (MDD) using 18F-FDG PET/CT and functional MRI (fMRI).Methods A total of 18 MDD patients (6 males,12 females,age:(33.00±7.59) years) and 17 healthy controls (6 males,11 females,age:(34.59±8.96) years) underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and fMRI.The changes of glucose metabolism on PET and ReHo on fMRI were analyzed individually by SPM and ReHo fMRI 1.0 software.Pearson correlation analysis was used.Results Compared with the glucose metabolism of control subjects,those of MDD patients decreased in the bilateral superior,middle and inferior frontal gyri,bilateral superior and middle temporal gyri,bilateral anterior cingulate cortices,bilateral putamina and caudate nuclei and the left pallidum.Meanwhile the glucose metabolism increased in the bilateral hippocampi and the left thalamus.The ReHo in MDD patients decreased in bilateral superior and middle frontal gyri,left pallidum,bilateral putamina,left anterior cingulate cortex,whereas increased ReHo was found in right hippocampus and right thalamus.The SUV of bilateral superior,middle and inferior frontal gyri,bilateral superior and middle temporal gyri,bilateral putamina,left caudate,left pallidum,left anterior cingulate cortex,bilateral hippocampi and bilateral thalami were correlated with ReHo (r =0.51-0.83,all P＜0.05).However,no correlation was found between the SUV and ReHo in right caudate and anterior cingulate cortex (r=0.41,0.37; both P＞0.05).Conclusion There may be relative characteristic models of abnormal cerebral metabolism and cerebral dysfunction impairment in MDD patients,and the changes of cerebral regional glucose metabolism may be correlated with the changes of ReHo.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging ( PWMRI ) in distinguishing brain glioma recurrence for postoperative radiotherapy patients.Methods Thirty-five patients with suggested recurrent brain glioma (20 true,15 false) were examined by conventional MRI and PWMRI.Regions of interests (ROI) were manually drawn in contrast-enhancing lesion,surround edema region and normal white matter of contra-lateral brain on regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) images.rCBV values of ROI and rCBVmax were measured,the standardized rCBV ratios were calculated,The mean rCBVmax ratio were compared between two lesion types with group t-test.The rCBVmax ratios of contrastenhancing regions was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsThe mean rCBVmax ratio of contrast-enhancing lesion in tumor recurrence was higher than those in non tumor recurrence (4.36vs 1.28,t =3.00,P =0.005 ).The mean rCBVmax of edema regions in tumor recurrence was also higher than those in non tumor recurrence ( 1.79 vs 0.85,t =2.41,P =0.026).Four patients with recurrent tumor and three with non tumor recurrence were wrong diagnosed when set the recurrent tumor rCBVmax ratio ＞2.15.The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy for recurrent tumor by PWMRI were 80％respectively.Conclusion PWMRI examination is a useful method for distinguishing brain glioma recurrence.

Objective To study the manifestations and diagnostic value of MRI for cavernous hemangioma in maxillofacial region.Methods Thirty-one cases of cavernous hemangioma in maxillofacial region proved pathologically were retrospectively analyzed.Results The lesions localized in parotideomasseteric region in 13 cases,in buccal and zygomalicotemporal region in 12 cases,in orbital area in 3 cases and labium in 3 cases.The lesions appeared as ellipse or round-like in 3 cases,fusiform in 2 cases,mass or flat irregular shape in 26 cases.On MRI,20 cases showed long T1 signal intensity,4 cases were slight long T1 and 7 cases were equal T1;on T2WI,27 cases showed high signal intensity and 4 were slight signal intensity.Conclusion The diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma in maxillofacial region can be verified and the shape,the extent of lesion can also be showed by MRI.It provides a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and operative plan.

Objective To explore the MRI appearances of tuberculosis of myelon and spinal meninges,and to study the value of MRI in diagnosis of this disease.Methods The imaging appearances of tuberculosis of myelon and spinal meninges tuberculosis in 8 cases were reviewed.All cases underwent plain MRI and contrast-enhanced MRI examinations.Results In 8 cases,there were myelonic tuberculosis in 3,myelonic tuberculosis accompanied with spinal meninges tuberculosis in 2 and spinal meninges tuberculosis in 3.Myelonic tuberculosis appeared as intramedullary tuberculous granuloma in 2,granulitis in 1 and tuberculous myelitis in 2.The appearances of MRI were spinal cord swelling,low signal intensity on T1WI and high signal intensity on T2WI.On contrast-enhanced MRI,the lesions were circular enhancement,military nodules or non-enhancement.The typical MRI appearances of spinal meningeal tuberculosis showed spinal meninges generally thickened,narrowing or closing of subarachnoid cavity,on contrast-enhanced MRI,the lesions were tubiform enhancement of sagittal images or circular enhancement of axial images.All cases had active tuberculosis in neighbourhood organ or tissue.Conclusion The MRI appearances of tuberculosis of myelon and spinal meninges are representative,the definite diagnosis of which can be made when the MRI appearances in combination with the history of the patients and the active tuberculosis of neighbourhood organ or tissue.