The development process of science and technical in the industry of assistive devices in China went with every stages of the standardization. The authors looked back the standardization history of the industry of assistive devices in China, emphatically introduced the recent development status and proposed the suggestion how to carry out the standardization in the near future.

AIM: To establish the quality standard for Shexiangtongbi Babu plaster (Radix Astragali, Radix Angelicae sinensis, moschus, Commiphora myrrha, Resina Boswelliae Carterii, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Sanguis Draxonis, etc.) METHODS: Borneolum Syntheticum, Commiphora Myrrha, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis, Sanguis Draxonis, Radix Angelicae Sinensis were identified by TLC, and the content of Muscone was determined by GC. RESULTS: Borneolum Syntheticum, Commiphora Myrrha, Radix Angelicae Pubscentis, Radix Angelicae Sinensis could be identified by TLC. Muscone showed a good linear relationship at range of 0.026?g～0.078?g, r =0.9992. The average recovery was 97.57%, and RSD 1.50% respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate and can be used to control the quality of Shexiangtongbi Babu plaster.

Objective To investigate the influence of chronic renal disease (CKD) on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and hospitalization.Methods Fifty patients clinically diagnosed as COPD complicating CKD in our hospital from January 2011 to June 2013 were selected as the observation group and 50 patients with CKD-free COPD were taken as a control group.The comparative analysis was performed by retrospecting the data of lung function,exercise tolerance and hospitalization situation in 1 year follow up.Results The mortality rate,total occurrence rate of AECOPD,occurrence rate of severe AECOPD,hospitalization rate,hospitalization time,self-rating test (CAT) score,mMRC dyspnea index,CRP and blood creatinine level in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);FEV1%pred,6MWD and creatinine clearance rate in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);FEV1/FVC had no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion The condition in COPD patients complicating CKD at 1 year after clinical diagnosis is significantly aggravated compared with COPD patients without complicating CKD,and the prognosis for patients complicated with CKD is poorer.

Objective To evaluate the effects of tacrolimus on the secretion of IL-6 and sIL-2R as well as the expression of IL-6 and sIL-2R mRNA by lymphocytes.Methods Jurkat human lymphoma cells were cultured and treated with tacrolimus of different concentrations.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine the levels of IL-6 and sIL-2R in the supernatant of Jurkat cells at 48 hours after treatment with tacrolimus of 0,10,102,103 and 104 nmol/L,and real time reverse transcription PCR to measure the expression of IL-6 mRNA and sIL-2R mRNA of Jurkat cells at 48 hours after treatment with tacrolimus of 102 nmol/L.Results Tacrolimus of 102 - 104 nmol/L could suppress the secretion of IL-6 and sIL-2R from Jurkat cells (all P＜ 0.05),with a more marked suppressing effect achieved by the use of tacrolimus at 103 - 104 nmol/L.The expressions of IL-6 and sIL-2R mRNA from Jurkat cells were downregulated by tacrolimus of 102 nmol/L (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tacrolimus at certain concentrations could downregulate the secretion of IL-6 and sIL-2R as well as the expression of IL-6 and sIL-2R mRNA by lymphocytes.

Mechanicalventilation in newborns can be divided into invasive mechanical ventilation and non-invasive me-chanical ventilation. In order to reduce invasive ventilation-induced lung injury, more and more non-invasive ventilation patterns have been used clinically. Early application of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has become the main mode of non-invasive ventilation in many neonatal intensive care units (NICU). At the same time, the combination with selective pulmonary surfactant can reduce the incidence of chronic lung disease. This article reviews the use and prospect of non-invasive respiratory support modes which include continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bi-level CPAP mode (BiPAP) such as SiPAP and NIPPV. Some modes which are in the research stage were also reviewed including synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation, neurally adjusted ventilatory assist and non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.

Objective To investigate the gene expressions of IL-1 and TNF-? in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and lung tissues in mice with pulmonary fibrosis(PF) at various periods and to study the effects of cytokines on pulmonary fibrosis.Methods Forty male mice were randomly divided into two groups:experimental group(n=30) and control group(n=10),and poured respectively by bleomycin solutions and saline and killed on the 3rd,7th,14th,28th and 56th day.RT-PCR method was used to analyse the mRNA expressions of IL-1 and TNF-?.Results ① The expressions of IL-1 mRNA and TNF-? mRNA in BALF in experimental group were higher than those in control group(P

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative perfusion chemotherapy via left gastric artery catheterization in patients with cardiac cancer of the stomach.Methods 56 operated cases with cardiac cancer,who had undergone preoperative perfusion chemotherapy via left gastric artery,were collected and analyzed.Results Most of the tumors were hypervascular as studied with DSA.After perfusion chemotherapy,there was amelioration of symptoms.Decrease in size about 50% of the tumor mass,shown in barium study were found in 32 patients,(18% of them).The survival rates one year,two years and three years after surgical resection were 98%,78.6% and 53.6% respectively.18 cases(32%)had gastric hemorrage,that was the main complication after perfusion.Conclusion Preoperative perfusion chemotherapy via left gastric artery in cases with cardiac cancer of the stomach is an effective measure in increasing resection rates in surgery.

Objective To investigate the effect of ellagic acid on human epidermal melanocyte melanogenesis and melanin transfer, and the mechanism thereof. Methods The human melanocytes and and keratinocytes were co-cultured and purified. After passing the second generation, cells of 1∶10 ratio were inoculated into the small dish (3 cm × 3 cm). The changes of melanin content and tyrosinase activity in melanocytes were detected before and after intervention with ellagic acid (100, 10 and 1 mg/L) for 48 h. The melanin transfer in cultured cells was detected by flow cytometry method. The 10 nmol/L arbutin was used as the positive control. Results The tyrosinase activity was down-regulated by ellagic acid in a dose-dependent manner. The ellagic acid can reduce the melanin content except for the 1 mg/L of ellagic acid. The melanin transfer was also inhibited by ellagic acid in a dose-dependence manner. Conclusion Ellagic acid can be used for skin-whitening cosmetic and the depigmenting effect might be due to the down-regulation of melanogenesis and melanin transfer.

Objective:To analyze the mortality of extremely preterm infants(EPIs) born at 22 +0-25 +6 weeks of gestation in Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology and then compare it with data from other countries to provide evidence for better healthcare for this population. Methods:Clinical data of EPIs born at 22 +0-25 +6 gestational weeks in our center from January 2011 to December 2017 were retrospectively collected. The enrolled patients were grouped based on their gestational age, birth weight, and admission time in order to analyze the mortality in different groups. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, five sets of data regarding the mortality of EPIs born at 22 +0-25 +6 gestational weeks during the same period were retrieved from a multicenter survey involving 15 centers in China, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network (NICHD-NRN) in the United States, Canadian Neonatal Network TM, Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network (ANZNN) and Korean Neonatal Network (KNN). The mortality rate among data from different sources was compared using Chi-square test on the condition that the definition of death was the same. Besides, the causes of neonatal death were analyzed. Results:A total of 64 EPIs were enrolled in our center. The total mortality rate was 42.2% (27/64), and were 1/1, 8/10, 50.0%(10/20) and 24.2%(8/33) in EPIs of gestational age of 22 +0-22 +6, 23 +0-23 +6, 24 +0-24 +6 and 25 +0-25 +6 weeks, 5/6, 50.0%(16/32), 25.0%(6/24) and 0/2 in those with birth weight of ≤600 g, >600-≤800 g, >800-≤1 000 g and >1 000 g, respectively. In the 27 death cases in our center, the causes of death were as follows: neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (16 cases, 59.3%), sepsis (two cases, 7.4%), necrotizing enterocolitis (three cases, 11.1%), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (three cases, 11.1%) and others (three cases, 11.1%). The mortality rate was 57.1%(12/21) before 2016(2011-2015), 45.0%(9/20) in 2016 and 26.1%(6/23) in 2017. The total mortality of EPIs in our center was higher than that in Canada [42.2% vs 26.6%(165/621), χ2=7.015, P=0.008], as well as in Australia and New Zealand [42.2% vs 28.2%(140/497), χ2=5.330, P=0.021], while there was no statistically significant difference when compared with that in South Korea [42.2% vs 42.1%(218/518), χ2<0.001, P=0.988]. Conclusions:The mortality of EPIs born at 22 +0-25 +6 gestational weeks is higher in our center when compared with that in some developed countries such as Canada and Australia. Therefore, we should pay more efforts to reduce the mortality of EPIs through quality improvement.