In recent years, animal experiments and clinical trials have confirmed that Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix has outstanding medicinal value of cancer prevention in the aspects of inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and regulation of immune. It also has been reported that monomeric compounds with function of anti-tumor activity have been separated. This article reviewed anti-cancer effects of Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae Radix from five angles, which were anti-cancer active ingredient, anti-cancer mechanisms, clinical application, the effects of different processed products on anti-cancer effects and side effects.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons selectively. Although the motor system lesion is the most predominant clinical manifestation of ALS, with the progression of the understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical detection of the disease, more and more patients are found to have extra-motor features of ALS, such as somatosensory involvement, etc. The research results demonstrated that ALS might be a kind of disorder combined with sensory disturbance according to the electrophysiology, neuropathology, neuroimaging, animal model simulation, genetic evidence, and other methods detected. We, herein, review the prevalence and detection methods especially the aspect of genetic associations implicated in the sensory nerve disturbance of ALS.

Objective On patients with mechanical ventilation spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) success, out of breath machine smoothly pulled out after endotracheal intubation for active airway moist sequential therapy of clinical new method and new technology. Methods Between January 2013 and May 2014 respiratory endotracheal intubation implementation of mechanical ventilation with intensive medicine successful withdraw machine pulled out of 135 patients with tracheal intubation, they were divided into group A(68 cases) and group B(67 cases) by random digits table method. The patients in group A were treated with buoy type oxygen device, group B with active airway moist heat treatment unit. The breathing rate, PaO2, SpO2, heart rate, Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score(CPIS) were measured after 72 h of pull out endotracheal intubation in two groups. Sputum viscosity was evaluated by Airway Secretions Score before pull out endotracheal intubation and after 24, 48, 72 h of pull out endotracheal intubation in two groups. Results There were no significant differences between two groups in gender, age, clinical diagnosis, mechanical ventilation time, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation systemⅡrating etc (P>0.05). The breathing rate, heart rate and CPIS score respectively (20.94 ± 0.89), (80.79±4.67) times/min and (7.13 ± 2.54) points after 72 h of pull out endotracheal intubation in group B, and (24.12 ± 0.97), (86.32 ± 5.12) times/min and (8.79±3.56) points in group A, and there were significant differences(t=5.113, 7.298, 5.597, all P<0.01). PaO2, SpO2 were (93.24±1.96) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), 0.973 2±0.014 8 in group B, and (87.35±2.32) mmHg, 0.937 8±0.013 2 in group A, and there were significant differences(t=9.279, 4.548, all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in sputum viscosity before pull out endotracheal intubation between two groups (P>0.05). After 24, 48 and 72 h of pull out endotracheal intubation, group B of patients with sputum viscosity was suitable in group A (Z=-2.684,-2.870,-2.771, all P < 0.01). Conclusions Mechanical ventilation in patients with ventilator buoy type oxygen device for the pull out after endotracheal intubation success does not favor the sputum drainage, improve patients with dyspnea and hypoxemia is not obvious. By positive airway plus temperature humidity to sequential therapy is helpful to correct hypoxemia, improve the patients' respiratory function, reduce the breathing difficulties, reduce sputum viscosity, promote the airway drainage unblocked, shortening the time of lung infection.

Objective To study the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and their significance in anemia. Methods 45 DLBCL patients with or without anemia were analyzed. Peripheral blood samples were collected during diagnosis, and the concentrations of IL-6, hepcidin, serum ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb) were measured. 24 healthy volunteers were collected as controls. Results The levels of plasma hepcidin and IL-6 in patients with DLBCL were (347±171)μg/L and 0.27 ng/L (0-9.61 ng/L), respectively, and compared with those [(175 ± 92)μg/L] and 0 ng/L in healthy controls, the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.001). Plasma hepcidin levels in patients with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P=0.003), B symptoms (P=0.040) or age-adjusted international prognostic index (IPI)>1 (P=0.010) were increased. The levels of IL-6 in patients of male (P=0.003), stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (P=0.008) or IPI>1 (P=0.004) were significantly higher. The level of hepcidin was highly correlated with serum ferritin (r=0.77, P<0.001), weakly correlated with IL-6 (r=0.31, P=0.030), and not correlated with Hb (r=-0.12, P=0.3). There was a negative correlation between IL-6 expression and Hb (r=-0.35, P=0.009). Multivariate analysis showed that IL-6 could predict anemia (P=0.03), whereas hepcidin could not (P=0.89). Conclusion The elevated hepcidin level is frequent in DLBCL, and the elevated IL-6 plays the major role in the development of anemia.

Objective To study the relationship between plasma creatinine and lactic acid levels in type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function, and the effect of mefformiu administration on plasma lactic acid. Methods Blood samples were collected from 723 type 2 diabetic inpatients(275 cases treated with mefformin as treatment group and 448 without mefformin as control group). Plasma lactic acid was measured with enzyme-electrode assay. The fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, creatinine (Cr) , alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and HbA1C levels were also determined. Results (1) The lactic acid level in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group [(1.33±0.57 vs 1.17±0.47) mmol/L, P<0.01] and so was the incidence of hyperlactacidemia (9.45% vs 4.91%, P<0.01). No lactic acidosis was found in all patients. (2) The correlation analysis showed that Cr, blood urea nitrogen, ALT and body mass index (BMI) were positively correlated with lactic acid in control group, and the positive correlation between Cr and lactic acid still existed (r= 0.345, P<0.01) after adjustment for ALT and BMI. (3) After being divided by 20 μmol/L Cr in control group, lactic acid levels in subgroup increased with the Cr levels, especially when Cr was over 90 μmol/L. The Cr cutpoint for predicting lactatemia was 95.35 μmol/L. Conclusion It is safe to administrate metformin in type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function, along with low risk of lactic acidemia. The incidence of lactic acidemia may increase when plasma Cr level reaches 95.35 μmol/L,

Objective To investigate the risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) in aged people at Beicai Town in Shanghai, to provide proofs for preventing OP. Methods Questionnaire survey was carried out on bone density in 608 aged people (aged from 60 to 79 years) who were randomly chosen from 4 resident committees of Beicai Town in Shanghai. Everyone underwent bone mineral density (BMD) assay of lumbar spine and total hip by DEXA machine. Results The rate of OP was 23 % in male group, and 61% in female group. It was 40% in 60-64 years old group, 44% in 65-69 years old group, 53% in 70-74 years old group and 66% in 75-79 years old group. The rate of OP was 52% in manual work group, and 42 % in non-manual work group. In males, it was 54 % in current weight less than 60 kg group, 19% in 60-70 kg group, 15% in 70-80 kg group and 23% in over 80 kg group. In females, it was 76% in current weight less than 50 kg group, 67% in 50-60 kg group, 63% in 60-70kg group, 30% in over 70 kg group. It was 56% in low body weight group, 41% in normal weight group and 58% in over weight group in their 25-year-old. It was 61% in normal body weight group, 43% in overweight group. It was 41% in non-fracture history group, 67% in once fracture group,74% in fracture history more than twice group. It was 60% in mother humpback history group, and 47% in no history of mother humpback group. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age,history of fracture, mother's humpbacked history, disease of internal secretion and metabolism system were the risk factors for OP. Conclusions The occurrence of OP is related with many factors in aged people at Beicai Town in Shanghai, especially for the aged women, who suffer from diseases of internal secretion and metabolism, and has the history of fracture and mother's humpbacked, the attention should be payed to the prevention and treatment of OP.

Teaching design is an important part of the construction of teaching contents,and it plays an important role in improving the quality of education and teaching. At present, teaching design has not received enough attention in the teaching of the physical chemistry for the Chinese pharmacy major. This study discussed the importance of the teaching design in the classroom of physical chemistry for the Chinese pharmacy major and expounded some practices of teaching design in detail, including the design of the affective attitude goals for the purpose of improving students' sense of curriculum identity and stimulating students' interest in learning, the design of "points-lines-planes" for teaching and learning based on the mind map,and the design of the ways of the classroom lead-in such as case-based learning mode.

Objective To investigate the radioprotective effect of cimetidine on survival rate and hematopoietic system in acutely irradiated mice.Methods The total body irradiation doses were 6.0Gy and 8.0Gy respectively at 1.01Gy/min rate. Sixty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive-drug (523) group and cimetidine groups (33.3mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 300mg/kg). Each group had ten mice. The mice were given intragastric administration of cimetidine for 6d before the irradiation in cimetidine groups, and 523 was administered before irradiation once a day for one day in 523 group, and at 5h after irradiation, was given again. The 30d survival rate after 8.0Gy irradiation was recorded. The peripheral blood cells, bone marrow DNA content and frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (fMNPCE) were determined 30d after 6.0Gy irradiation.Results After 8.0Gy irradiation, all the mice died on 21th day in model control group. The survival rates in cimetidine groups were 50%, 20% and 30%, respectively. After 6.0Gy irradiation on 30th day, compared with control group, the peripheral white blood cells (WBC) and bone marrow DNA content were decreased significantly (P<0.01,P<0.05) in model group, and fMNPCE was increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, WBC was significantly increased in 300mg/kg cimetidine group (P<0.01). In cimetidine groups, the bone marrow DNA content was increased significantly after irradiation (P<0.01 orP<0.05), and the fMNPCE was decreased significantly (P<0.01 orP<0.05) and tended towards normal.Conclusion Cimetidine could improve 30d survival rate of acutely irradiated mice and has good protective effect on hematopoietic system.

The automation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pharmaceuticals has driven the development of process analysis from offline to online.Most of common online process analytical technologies are based on spectroscopy,making the identification and quantification of specific ingredients still a challenge.Herein,we developed a quality control(QC)system for monitoring TCM pharmaceuticals based on paper spray ionization miniature mass spectrometry(mini-MS).It enabled real-time online qualitative and quantitative detection of target ingredients in herbal extracts using mini-MS without chromatographic separation for the first time.Dynamic changes of alkaloids in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi)during decoction were used as examples,and the scientific principle of Fuzi compatibility was also investigated.Finally,the system was verified to work stably at the hourly level for pilot-scale extraction.This mini-MS based online analytical system is expected to be further developed for QC applications in a wider range of pharmaceutical processes.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the pathogenic features of the influenza B virus strains circulating in Anhui province during 2017-2018 influenza surveillance year. Methods: The antigenic characteristics of influenza B virus was analyzed with reference ferret anti-sera. The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza B viruses isolated in Anhui during this period were obtained by Sanger dideoxy sequencing. Then the phylogenetic trees and amino acid mutations were analyzed respectively. Results: During 2017-2018 influenza season, the activity of B Yamagata lineage virus were stronger than B Victoria lineage virus. Most of B Yamagata lineage viruses had close antigenic relation with the vaccine strain B/Phuket/3073/2013(93.3%), but D196 N substitution was detected on HA protein in all of Yamagata lineage viruses. All of B Victoria lineage viruses had close antigenic relation with the vaccine strain B/Brisbane/60/2008(100%), meanwhile I117 V and N129D were found on HA protein. Phylogenetic analysis on B influenza viruses indicated that Yamagata clade 3 and Victoria clade 1A were predominant strains, however we found that two strains had intra-clade reassortants between HA and NA gene. The NA gene of all strains did not find a molecular mutation that was less sensitive to neuraminidase. Conclusions The WHO recommended influenza vaccine could protect from influenza B virus isolated from Anhui province. However, it is still necessary to pay close attention to its significant epitope variation in order to update the vaccine candidates in time.