Objective To investigate the absorption characteristics of galangin in various intestinal segments. Methods Single-pass intestinal perfusion was employed in rats, and the mass quality was used to correct the volume;Galangin in rat intestinal perfusion was determined by HPLC to investigate the effects of intestinal segments, drug concentration and P-glycoprotein ( P-gp) inhibitor on drug’ s absorption. Results Galangin could be absorbed in the whole intestine, and its Ka values in the segments of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were (5. 12±1. 14)í10-2,(2. 23±1. 02)í10-2,(4. 61± 0. 75)í 10-2 and(2. 68 ± 0. 70)í10-2 ·min-1 ,respectively. Meanwhile, the values of the Ka in the segment of ileum were not affected by the drug concentration and P-gp inhibitor. Conclusion The galangin is well absorbed in rats intestinal segments. The absorption procedure is mainly controlled by passive diffusion but unaffected by P-gp efflux protein.

Objective\ To evaluate the immediate effects and strength of allograft fusion cage(AFC) used for reconstructing stability of cervical spine. Methods\ Discs of C 5 and C 6 were resected on 8 fresh human cervical spine specimens, and autogenous iliac bone grafts(AIBG), and AFCs were implanted into the intervertebral spaces respectively. Compression test, pull out test and segmental motion measurement were studied.Results\ Comparing with intact and AIBG groups, the range of motions of C5-6 in AFC group were decreased in all directions except for extension; with (502?114) N compressive load,the vertebrae in AFC group were broken while the AFC were intact, but the AIBG were broken at (135?42) N load; with 300 N drawing load,no loosening was found between AFCs and vertebra, but it was found between AIBG and vertebra at 60 N load. Conclusion\ AFC could provide enough support,anti slide ability and could remain or increase the height of intervertebral spaces. It completely meets clinical and biomechanical requirements.

Objective To evaluate the effects of allograft fusion cage(AFC) on anterior cervical interbody fusion. Methods AFCs were implanted in 61 degenerative cervical intervertebral spaces of 39 cases, who needed anterior cervical interbody fusion from September 1995 to December 1999. 31 cases were diagnosed as cervical spondylolysis， 2 cases as acute protrusion of cervical intervertebral disc and 6 cases as fracture and dislocation of cervical spine. The clinical effects and complications were observed, and the postoperative presentations of X－ ray examination of cervical spine were also evaluated. Results Thirty- nine cases were followed up with a mean period of 28.6 months. No neurologic complications appeared, and no AFCs shifted or dislocated. The clinical effects were satisfactory. 61 intervertebral spaces were confirmed to be solid fused completely by constant X－ ray examination at 3.9 months in average after operation. There were no collapse or angular deformities in 59 spaces of them,the other 2 spaces lost a little height because of removal of external fixation too early. Conclusion The implantation of AFC was simple, stable, less injury with similar intervertebral osseous fusion rate compared to the conventional anterior cervical interbody fusion. Forthermore, the implantation of AFC does not need auto iliac crest graft or the use of metal fixations. Some complications caused by implanting auto iliac crest and metal fixations can be avoided.

Objective To explore the changes and their correlation of event-related potential(ERP)and the plasma levels of monoamine neurotransmitter in the patients with epilepsy.Methods ERP and the plasma levels of noradrenalin(NE),dopamine(DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) were tested in 50 patients with epilepsy,and the results were compared with the normal controls.Results The latency of N2,P3 of ERP and the amplitude of P3 in the epilepsy group were significant longer and lower than those in the normal control group(all P

Objective To observe the role and mechanism of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) -2in the injured lung induced by ischmia-reperfusion (IR) of hind limbs of rat.Methods The rat model of lung injury was made by ischemia in hind limbs of rat for two hours and then reperfusion for two hours as well.There were 40 SD rats randomly ( random number) divided into 5 groups ( n =8 ),namely sham ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group,sham I/R + CORM-2 group,I/R group,I/R + CORM-2 group and I/R + DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide) group. Rats in sham I/R group underwent laparotomy without infrarenal aorta occlusion.The lung tissue structure,polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) count,wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ),nuclear IκBα degradation and NF-κB activity in the lung were measured.Results Compared with the sham I/R group,the number of PMNs in lung,W/D,MDA content,MPOactivity,ICAM-1 and NF-κB activity significantly increased in I/R group,whereas nuclear IκBα decreased (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the I/R group,the number of PMNs in lung,W/D,MDA content,MPO activity and ICAM-1 significantly decreased in I/R + COMR-2 group ( P ＜ 0.01 ), while nuclear IkBαincreased. Conclusions These data demonstrate that CORM-2 attenuates limb I/R-induced lung injury by inhibiting ICAM-1 protein,NF-κB pathway and the leukocytes sequestration in the lung following limb I/R in rats,suggesting that CORM-2 could be used as one of the most valuable therapeutic agents.

AIM:To investigate the role of PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the protection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) against limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats.METHODS:ALI was induced by limb I/R in the SD rats.Na2 SO3 (0.54 mmol/kg, ip)/NaHSO3 (0.18 mmol/kg, ip) as SO2 donor was injec-ted at 20 min before reperfusion.The inhibitors of JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways, Stattic (3 mg/kg, iv) and LY294002 (40 mg/kg, iv), respectively, were injected at 1 h before reperfusion.Peripheral blood and lung tissues were collected for determining the contents of the cytokines, the protein levels of the molecules related to the signaling pathways, apoptosis and histopathologic changes by ELISA, TUNEL and Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with control group, the content of MDA, the activity of MPO, lung coefficient, apoptotic index, cytokine expression, and the protein levels of p-Akt and p-STAT3 in I/R group all increased significantly, and administration of Na2 SO3/NaHSO3 attenuated the damage in the lung.Besides, the results of Western blot showed that the rat lung tissues expressed p-STAT3 protein and p-Akt pro-tein.After I/R, the protein levels of p-STAT3 and p-Akt were increased.After using Na2 SO3/NaHSO3 , p-Akt was in-creased, but p-STAT3 was decreased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Both JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways are like-ly involved in the protective effect of SO2 against limb I/R-induced ALI in rats.The activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway increases I/R injury.Reversely, the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway reduces I/R injury.Besides, JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways may have crosstalk during I/R-induced ALI and JAK2/STAT3 pathway may have an impact on the P13K/Akt pathway.

Objective To explore the influence of brief ischemic on fracture healing.Methods Two hundred and forty wistar rats (weight was 200 g and half male) were made the right tibial midpiece closed fracture model.1.0 mm K-wires were used to fix the fractures.Rats were divided into 4 groups.Group A was 24 hours,group B was 48 hours,group C was 72 hours,and group D was the control group.Tourniquet was used on the root of the thigh of right lower limb.Tourniquet was inflated 10 min,then released 10 min,and repeated 3 times to make the brief ischemic model.48 rats were made brief ischemic at 24 hours after the fracture fixed.Then group A was at every 24 hours,group B was at every 48 hours,and group C was at every 72 hours made brief ischemic.Group D at every 24 hours after the fracture fixed was used tourniquet on the root of thigh of right lower limb each time 1 hour,but the tourniquet was not inflated.Group A,B,and C were made brief ischemic 5 weeks.Group D was tourniquet treated 5 weeks.Group A and D at 1 day,3 days,5 days,and 7 days after fracture fixed were detected the serum VEGF.All groups of rats were X-ray examinated and detected of serum VEGF at every two weeks after the fracture fixed.Every two weeks,every group randomly selected 12 rats to do immunohistochemical staining.We used the Image Pro Plus software to quantitative compare the IGF-2 positive cells in the fracture area.Results X-ray results were used three points method for analyzing.The scores of group A,B,and C were significantly higher than group D at 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks after fracture fixed (P ＜ 0.05).The scores between group A,B,and C were no significant statistical difference at 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks after fracture fixed (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of serum VEGF of group A were significantly higher than group D at 3days,5days,and 7 days after fracture fixed (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of serum VEGF of group B and C were obviously higher than group A and D at 2 weeks (P ＜ 0.05),and there was no obvious difference between group B and C (P =0.79,P =0.90,P =0.88).The same result was found between group A and D (P =0.94,P =0.551,P =0.53).There were no significant difference between four groups on the levels of serum VEGF at 8 weeks (P =0.66).Immunohistochemical results were that group B,group C VEGF positive cells were significantly higher than group A and group D at 2 weeks,4 weeks,6 weeks (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in group B and group C (P =0.19,P =0.10,P =0.38),or group A and group D (P =0.07,P =0.17,P =0.18).There was no significantly different in four groups at 8 weeks (P =0.08).Conclusions Brief ischemic can promote the healing of fracture and stimulate the expression of VEGF.The mechanism may be related to the signal channels of VEGF and other biological factors.This study will give new idea to clinic for promoting fracture healing.

Objective To observe the curative effect of open reduction and internal fixation for capitellum and trochlea fractures.Methods A retrospective case series study was performed on 14 patients with capitellum and trochlea fractures without involving lateral and lateral column treated by open reduction and internal fixation from April 2008 to August 2016.There were four males and 10 females, aged from 24 to 62 years (mean, 41.4 years).Dubberley classification was type ⅠA in four patients, type ⅠB in three, type ⅡA in two, type ⅡB in one, type ⅢA in two, type ⅢB in two.Three patients were combined with ipsilateral capitulum radius fractures, and one patient with ipsilateral ulna olecranon fracture.Visual analogue scale (VAS) for elbow pain, elbow activity and Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) were evaluated.Postoperative complications were also observed.Results All patients were followed up for 24-55 months (mean, 27.2 months).Fracture healed after (21.3±2.1)weeks.VAS was (2.1±1.9) points at 24 months postoperatively, with painless in three patients, mild pain in seven and moderate pain in four.Elbow flexion and extension angle was (93.4±15.2)°, elbow flexion angle was (114.3±11.1)°, elbow extension angle was (33.6±20.7)°, forearm front rotation angle was (75.2±12.5)°, and forearm back rotation angle was (83.2±8.2)°.No patients had elbow instability, ischemic necrosis or internal fixation loosening.MEPS was (74.2±17.8)points, including excellent results in 3 cases, good in 8, fair in 2 and poor in 1.One case of Dubberley type ⅢA developed mild ulnar nerve symptom and alleviated after 3 months.Five cases (two type ⅢA, one type ⅢB, one type ⅡA, one type ⅡB) had a small amount of heterotopic ossification 6 month after operation, but elbow flexion and extension activity was good.One case of Dubberley type ⅢB combined with fracture of the olecranon process had elbow heterotopic ossification 1 month after operation, further developed large displaced ossification around the elbow 6 months after operation, and showed elbow flexion and extension of 30° 2 years after operation that was significantly limited compared to the contralateral side.Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation of capitellum and trochlea fractures can improve elbow activity and reduce incidence of postoperative complication.

Microglial cells are the resident immune cells of brain. The activated microglia produces a range of deleterious substances, which plays an important role in the inflammation of post-stroke, such as superoxide, nitric oxide, matrix metalloproteinases, etc. The activa-tion of microglia may involve triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, Toll-like receptors 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated re-ceptors, purinergic receptors, etc. Intervention targeted to microglial receptor is becoming a new strategy for ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate perioperative nursing of respiratory system in severe scoliosis patients.Methods 26 severe scoliosis patients with respiratory function training before operation were retrospected.All of them tested pulmonary function before and after training,postoperative respiratory system nursing were also taken to maintain airway unobstructed,including respiratory rate and oxygen saturation monitoring,effective pain management and respiratory complications controlling.Results The average forced vital capacity(FVC)was 45.9%and 52.1%before and after breathing exercises,the mean forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)was 43.8%and 48.8%before and after breathing exercises,with lung function improvement in 69.2%patients. There were two hemopneumothorax and three mild or moderate pleural effusion occurred within 10 days after surgery,but all recovered after effective treatment and nursing.Conclusions Perioperative systematic and effective training in respiratory function and airway management can improve lung function and surgical safety,reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications,and promote early rehabilitation .