Objective To investigate the clinical application of forearm arteriovenous fistula in uremia patients, and find out the cause of fistula dysfunction. Methods Three hundred and forty-five chronic uremia patients were collected. Forearm arteriovenous fistula were set up as vascular access. Recorded the relationship betwe the using condition. Results Chronic nephritis was the most, and diabetic nephropathy was lowest in the using fistula time exceeding 2 years, the internal fistula losing function occurred 103 cases in 1 year after intenal fistula establishment, the highest rate was diabetic nephropathy, then hypertension innocence renal arteriolar sclerosis. There were significant difference beween diabetic nephropathy, hypertension innocence renal arteriolar sclerosis and chronic nephritis (P<0.05). Conclusion In diabetic nephropathy and hypertension patients, the using time of fistula is short and the accidence of fistula dysfunction is high.

Objective To explore the status of obesity and diet behavior in young and middle-aged people of Jinan and supply reference for controlling overweight and obesity by diet intervention. Methods Stratified sampling method was conducted to investigate 18～59 inhabitants in Jinan. The information about their body height,body weight and diet behavior was collected to further analyze the relationship between the status of obesity and correlated behaviors by the SPSS 11.5 software. Results The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity had a significant difference between young group and middle-aged group(P＜0.01), which was separately 21.56% and 33.46%; the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity in young group had a significant difference between males and females(P＜0.05),but no significant difference in middle-aged group.Compared with the diet behavior problems of normal body weight people, the incidence rate of overweight and obesity was significantly higher(P＜0.01),but no significant difference for the habit of midnight snack.Females paid more attention to reasonable match and the speed of food intake than males.Conclusion Overweight and obesity in young and middle-aged people of Jinan is relatively serious,which is closely correlated with unscientific diet behavior.

Based on 10 years management experience of CMA-1,OREAL China skin/hair grant,the article puts forward three main factors of scientific funds management,which are:adhereing to the fair and justice review,constantly strengthening the service consciousness and improving the service level,constantly perfecting the management system.The article also summarizes some specific experience and practice,including:Chinese and French experts joint review,avoid principle and double-blind review,Service provider role orientation,internet management platform development and whole process management,etc

Objective To explore the effects of curriculum provision of nursing risk management in standardized training of new nurses. Methods Totally 140 new recruits nurses from the year 2011 to 2014 were divided into control group and experimental group with 70 cases each. The control group received standardized training. In addition, the experimental group added the curriculum of nursing risk management from different levels in the basis of standardized training. Data were statistically analyzed according to the examination results, incidence of nursing safety events ( adverse events) and post admittance rate of new nurses, in order to evaluate the effects. Results The examination results after standardized training and post admittance rate of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group:(83.61 ±6.90) points vs. (80.13±10.58) points,95.7%(67/70) vs. 82.9% (58/70), and there were significant differences, t=-2.309,χ2=6.05, P<0.05. And the incidence of nursing safety events ( adverse events) of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group in standardized training: 1.4%(1/70) vs.11.4%(8/70 ),and there was significant difference, χ2=4.275, P<0.05. Conclusions The curriculum provision of nursing risk management can enforce the safety consciousness of new nurses , culture them self-conscious and standardized nursing behaviors, reduce the incidence of nursing safety events ( adverse events) and improve the work ability of new nurses.

By using questionnaire method,We sent the questionnaires to 74 winners and 15 jury members of CMA-L'OREAL China skin/hair grant and analyzed the questionnaires that had been filled out by them.We got a better understanding on the issue of paper publications of the funded projects,and the judges,advices and overall feelings of winners and jury members on the grant.We analyzed why the grant has been highly appraised by the dermatologists,how the grant has promoted the research activities in the specific area,and what we should do to improve the grant management in the future.

Objective To observe the effect of high flux hemodialysis (HFHD) combined with artificial kidney on fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods Eighty cases who regularly carried out long-term HFHD in nephrology blood purification center of NO.85 Hospital of PLA were enrolled. All the patients firstly received HFHD alone for 1 month, and then according to random principle, they could receive HFHD followed by hemoperfusion (HP) for treatment (HFHD+HP group) or HP followed by HFHD for treatment (HP+HFHD group). These two types of treatment were respectively carried out for 3 months, and then exchanged to proceed the procedure, the interval of exchange being 1 month (in this month, the two groups of patients all underwent simple HFHD treatment). The therapeutic course was 8 months including 2 cycles. The serum samples were taken from patients undergoing simple HFHD before and after the first month of blood purification, and patients in HFHD+HP group and HP+HFHD group before and after the last month for determination of serum creatinine (SCr), calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (iPTH), FGF-23 levels. Results The SCr level in HFHD + HP group before hemodialysis was significantly lower than that in simple HFHD group (μmol/L:773.45±212.23 vs. 803.27±192.47, P<0.05), there were no significant differences in blood calcium and phosphorus before hemodialysis between HFHD+HP group and HP+HFHD group (all P>0.05). After hemodialysis, the serum iPTH, FGF-23 were dropped significantly in HFHD + HP and HP + HFHD groups compared with those in simple HFHD group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). After hemodialysis, there were no statistically significant differences in SCr and calcium levels between the above two groups (both P>0.05). But the levels of serum phosphorus, iPTH, and FGF-23 in HFHD+HP group were significantly lower than those of HP+HFHD group [serum phosphorus (mmol/L):1.47±0.22 vs. 1.60±0.23, iPTH (μg/L):490.12±145.23 vs. 516.34±165.75, FGF-23 (μg/L): 802.11±92.58 vs. 822.39±107.23, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. Conclusions In the aspect of elimination of large and medium sized molecules, the effect of combined artificial kidney is much better than that of simple HFHD. The rates of toxin elimination in different types of combined artificial kidney treatment are different, and the HFHD+HP type has greater effect than HP+HFHD type on elimination of toxins with large or medium sized molecules such as iPTH, FGF-23, etc.

Objective To explore the formula of predicting the maximum heart rate (HRmax) of college students in China from age,and examine its validity.Methods One hundred and one students (aged 20.9 ± 1.52 years) were recruited to undergo the VO2max test,and the HRmax was acquired after they finished the graded exercise test (GXT).The predicted value was also obtained according to the formulae of the age-predicted Hrmax:205.8-0.685 × age,206.9-0.67 × age and 210-0.66 × age.Results According to the paired t-test and one-way analysis of the variance,it was found that significant differences were observed between the measured HRmax and all the predicted values except the one got according to the formula of 210-0.66×Age.Through the method of Bland-Aitman plot,the predicted value of 210-0.66×age was more consistent with the measured value.Conclusion The 210-0.66×age equation owns the acceptable level of prediction error,and is the most suitable one of the four equations to predict the HRmax of college students in China.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of strains producing extended-spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC ?-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and to supply the laboratory evidence for antibiotic rational application in clinic. METHODS Totally 105 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were identified with VITEK-32. Drug sensitivities were determined by Kirby-Bauer methods. ESBLs were detected by double-disc synergy test,and cefoxitin three dimensional test was applied to filter AmpC positive strains. RESULTS Among 105 strains of P. aeruginosa,28 strains (26.7%) were AmpC enzymes positive,20 strains (19.0%) were ESBLs positive,and 5 strains(4.8%)were AmpC+ESBLs positive. The detective rate of producing AmpC ?-lactamases strains was higher than that of producing ESBLs strains. There was significant difference between them. CONCLUSIONS ESBLs and AmpC ?-lactamases are two main enzyme types conferring resistance to ?-lactam antibiotics in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Imipenem can be the first choice for treating infections caused by P. aeruginosa producing ESBLs or AmpC ?-lactamases.

OBJECTIVE To study resistance of Enterococcus in clinical isolates to high-level gentamicin(HLG) and investigate drug resistance of these Enterococcus.METHODS Totally 140 strains of Enterococcus were detected resistance to antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer test and agar-screening test.Data were analyzed using WHONET5.3 software.RESULTS Same result was obtained by two kinds of detecting methods,there were 73 strains of high level gentamicin resistance(HLGR,52.1%) and 67 strains of non-HLGR(47.9%),the resistance rate of HLGR was higher than that of non-HLGR,the isolation rate of vancomycin resistanct Enterococcus was 3.6%.CONCLUSIONS The most common enterococci causing hospital infection are E.faecalis and E.faecium.The drug resistance rate of E.faecium is higher than that of E.faecalis.It is imperative to select the proper method to detect HLGR of Enterococcus,and select proper antibiotic in terms of antibiotic susceptibility test during clinical therapy.

During February-April 2007,questionaire investigation was conducted among ethic committees of 154 organizations,including hospitals,medical and pharmaceutical universities,academies of medical sciences and CDCs.Many aspects(establishment,working and management framework,difficulties etc) of all these ethic committees have been understood comprehensively.Based on these investigation results,with the reference of international successful experiences,we propose some suggestions for health administrative agency,all kinds of medical organizations and ethics scholars.