Objective:To investigate the present situation of medical students′medical ethics education and fur-ther to put forward countermeasures for medical colleges and universities. Method:With the methods of question-naire, literature and interview, medical students of the second grade and above in Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xin-jiang University and Xinjiang Medical University were investigated. SPSS 20. 0 was used to establish a database and frequency analysis method was used to analyze data. Results:It is suggested that some medical students′ motiva-tion to be a doctor is pure and the professional ethical identity is correct. There exist problems in the evaluation of ethics anomie behaviors. The students lack of cognition of medical ethics but pay more attention to medical technol-ogy. Most of the medical students think that clinical practice education and the model demonstration of teachers are conducive to medical ethics education. Conclusion: Universities can develop their own medical ethics education mode through various forms of classroom education, the involvement of old professors in teaching, strengthening learning of medical laws, daily ideological education by counselors and the construction of campus spiritual civiliza-tion.

Objective To explore induced eruption techniques of the impacted maxillary canine with labial medial inclination. Methods A total of 38 cases with upper impacted canines with labial medial inclination were selected. The impacted canine was connected to the buccal hook of the upper first molar band, moved distantly and uprightly and then drawn to the dental arch after the pressure to the adjacent teeth was removed. Results After average 18 months treatment, 38 patients had good functions. The deeper impacted canines in 5 patients were extracted, and then the dental arch spaces closed. The lateral incisors of root resorption in 4 patients were extracted. The premolars in 19 patients were removed, and 10 patients without extractions. Then the impacted canines were moved into dental arch. There was no aggravated root resorption during the treatment process. Conclusion When the maxillary canine with labial medial inclination is impacted, it is moved distantly and uprightly by elastic line connected to the buccal hook of the maxillary first molar band, and then drawn to the dental arch. The process is smoothly and the neighbor teeth are protected.

The paper proposed a concept to build a management system for operating room hidden costs in an effort to better hospital management and alleviate patients' economic burden.The authors analyzed the root of such costs from the levels of operating room's design and construction,as well as management and operations,proposing a framework of such hidden costs.Based on diversified cost characteristics,they come up with a number of estimating methods,and control methods against different hidden costs by using management theories systematically.

Objective To study the expression of POKemon and pl4ARF genes in colorectal cancer cell lines. Methods The expressions of POKemon and pl4ARF were detected in 5 human colorectal cancer cell lines by RT-PCR and immucytochemistry method. Results The expressions of POKemon were positive in cell lines of SW480, SW480/M5, SW620 and LOVO, and were negative in HCT116. The expression of pl4ARF was positive in HCT116 and negative in other cell lines. Conclusion POkemon is expressed positively in colorectal cancer cell lines and its function is negatively correlated with pl4ARF.

To sum up the experiences and results of surgical treatment for recurrent rectal carcinoma after rectectomy, pelvic exenterations were carried out for 49 patients with the disease and the survival rate was estimated. No death occurred in our group. The resect rate was 91 8%, and the operative complication rate was 12 2%. The 3 year survival rate was 85 5%, and the 5 year survival rate was 60 6%. Pelvic exenteration can improve the survival rate for recurrent rectal carcinoma after rectectomy. Urinary reconstruction and repair of pelvic peritoneum are important for reducing operative complications.

Objective To investigate factors affecting residual stones in pediatric patients with the upper urinary calculi un ‐dergoing minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL ) and evaluate MPCNL curative effect before the operation . Methods A total of 240 children underwent MPCNL to remove the upper urinary calculi in People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during the period of January 2009 to November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively .Pediatric patients were di‐vided into two groups by the stone‐free rate after the first operation :those who were stone‐free after the first operation (n= 202) as the control group and those who were residual stones (n= 38) as residual stones observation group .Then the clinical data were sta‐tistically analyzed and find out risk factors which lead to residual stone .Results The stone‐free rate after primary M PCNL was 84 . 2% (202/240) .Univariate analysis showed that stone size (P= 0 .001) ,stone location(P= 0 .014) and number of stones(P= 0 .005) were significant factors which could affect residual stones between the two groups ,while did not relate with gender ,age ,stone side , urinary irritation symptom ,hematuria ,renal colic ,preoperative infection and the degree of hydronephrosis (P > 0 .05) .Multivariate analysis showed that stone size(OR = 2 .593 ,95% CI :1 .228 - 5 .475) ,stone location(OR = 2 .674 ,95% CI :1 .290 - 5 .540)and num‐ber of stones(OR = 2 .397 ,95% CI :1 .145 - 5 .019)were independent predictors of the surgical outcome .Conclusion Stone size , stone location and number of stones are significant factors affecting residual stones in pediatric patients with the upper urinary cal ‐culi undergoing MPCNL .According to the the clinical features of pediatric patients ,we can chose suitable management of upper uri‐nary tract calculi .

OBJECTIVE To observe the feasibility and safety of cryoablation of cervical lymph node metastases for nonsurgical candidates.METHODS The procedure was performed after achievement of local anesthesia for 15 cases.In this clinical study,local anesthesia with no sedation was performed to all the patients.In all cases,patients underwent two freeze/thaw cycles.RESULTS Tumors of 14 patients were thoroughly covered by ice balls.In one patient,96% of the tumorous lesion was covered by ice balls.In these patients,no complicated complication was observed during the treatment.CONCLUSION Percutaneous cryoablation therapy for cervical lymph node metastases under ultrasonic guidance is a feasible and minimally invasive method with satisfactory local control.

Objective To explore the clinical value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of breast disease ,and compared with ultrasound and mammography .Methods The clinical data of 28 patients who were pathologically confirmed with breast cancer were retrospectively reviewed .The diagnostic accuracy of DWI ,mammogra-phy and ultrasound , the surface diffusion coefficients ( ADC value ) were statistically analyzed .Results ( 1 ) DWI scan:the diagnostic accuracy of malignant tumor was 90.9%(20/22),the ADC value of malignant tumor was (0.955 ±0.199) ×10 -3mm2/s;the diagnostic accuracy of benign lesions was 83.3%(5/6),the average ADC value of benign lesions was (1.660 ±0.339) ×10 -3 mm2/s,there were statistically significant differences ( t=2.371,P<0.05).(2)Mammography:the diagnostic accuracy of malignant tumor was 81.8%(18/22),the diagnostic accuracy of benign lesions was 33.3%(2/6).(3) Ultrasound:the diagnostic accuracy of malignant tumor was 86.4%(19/22),the diagnostic accuracy of benign lesions was 50.0%(3/6).The diagnostic accuracy of malignant tumor had no significant difference among three techniques (χ2 =0.752,P>0.05),but for the diagnostic accuracy of benign lesions,DWI was better than ultrasound and mammography ,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =6.146, P<0.05).Conclusion For the diagnosis of malignant breast tumors and benign lesions ,DWI is better than ultra-sound and mammography ,which has high clinical application value .

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that vascular factors have involved in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease.This article reviews the research progress of the AD-associated vascular factors from the aspects of AD epidemiology,pathology,clinical research,imaging,and genetics,expecting to investigate the nature of AD from all aspects through vascular factors and finding a new entry point for prevention,diagnosis and treatment of AD.