Objective It has been reported that nutritional status of the patients affects neuromuscular (N-M) blockade induced by succinylcholine, tubocurarine, atracurium and vecuronium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of malnutrition on rocuronium induced N-M block. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia were divided into four groups of 12 patients each, based on body mass index (BMI): I normal group BMI = 18.5-25kg? m-2 ;Ⅱ mild malnutrition group BMI= 17-18.5 kg?m-2 ;Ⅲ moderate malnutrition groups BMI = 16-17 kg?m-2 and Ⅳ severe malnutrition group BMK90% the patient was intubated and mechanically ventilated. PETCO2 was maintained at 4.0-4.7kPa. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.5%-0.7% isoflurane +60% N2O. During operation when T1 returned to 25% of control rocuronium 0.15mg?kg-1 was supplemented. The onset time, degree of N-M block and duration of action of initial and supplemental dose were recorded.Results With initial dose the onset time was delayed in group Ⅲ [(184?58)s] and group Ⅳ [(252?62) s] as compared with that in group Ⅰ [(122?33 )s] (P0.05) .Conclusions The neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium is reduced in patients with moderate and severe malnutrition.

Objective: To investigate the effects of divided-doses mivacurium on histamine releasing and hemodynamics. Method: Forty-two patients were randomly divided into seven groups (n=6, each group). The total dose of 3?ED_(95)(0.25mg/kg)mivacurium for intubation was injected intravenously in single-dose in group I, or in divided-doses of 0.05+0.2mg/kg, 0.10+0.15mg/kg, 0.125+0.125mg/kg, 0.15+0.1mg/kg, and 0.2+0.05mg/kg in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ,Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ respectively, and 0.6mg/kg of atracurium bolus in group Ⅶ, The plasma histamine concentration and systolic blood pressure(SP), diastolic blood pressure(DP) and heart rate(HR) were determined before and 3, 5, 10, and 15 min after injection of mivacurium or atracurium. Result: The plasma histamine concentration and changes of SP, DP, HR were decreased in group Ⅳ compared with those in other groups. Conclusion: The divided dose of 3?ED_(95) mivacurium for intubation may reduce histamine release and changes in hemodynamics.

Objective To evaluate the effects of autophagy on contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in rat models.Methods Eighteen male rats were divided into control group (Con),CI-AKI group (CI-AKI) and rapamycin-pretreated group (Rapa).In the CI-AKI group,CI-AKI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of iohexol (12.25 g/kg I).In the Rapa group,rapamycin was given by intraperitoneal injection with a dose of 5 mg/(kg ·d) for consecutive 7 days,and then injected with iohexol (12.25 g/kg I).Rats in the Con group were injected by the same dose of saline.The renal function,renal histopathology,and the levels of LC3 Ⅱ / Ⅰ and Beclin-1 as well as catalase (CAT) in the kidneys of rats were evaluated one day after the injection.Results Compared with the Con group,serum creatinine in the CI-AKI group was significantly increased ((239.93±27.00)μmol/L) vs (51.70±10.59) μmol/L,P＜0.05),and the content of CAT was significantly decreased ((14.86 ± 0.32) U/mg vs (18.72±1.46) U/mg,P＜0.05).In the CI-AKI group,renal tubules were severely injured,and the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3 Ⅲ / Ⅰ and Beclin-1 in renal tissue was increased.Compared with the CI-AKI group,the pretreatment of rapamycin (Rapa group) increased the expression of LC3 Ⅱ / Ⅰ and Beclin-1 as well as the content of CAT in renal tissue ((17.62±1.86) U/mg vs (14.86±0.32) U/mg,P＜0.05),and inhibited the increase of contrast-induced serum creatinine ((187.62± 47.76) μmol/L vs (239.93±27.00) μmol/L,P＜0.05) and renal tubule injury.Conclusions The results showed that contrast administration can induce autophagy activation in kidneys,while enhancing autophagy can attenuate contrast-induced oxidative stress injury and related renal injury.

Objective:To compare the immediate therapeutic effect and safety between esmolol and lanatoside in con-trolling ventricular rate for patients with rapid atrial fibrillation.Methods:A total of 72 patients with rapid atrial fi-brillation (ventricular rate ≥120 beats/min)were randomly and equally divided into esmolol group and lanatoside group.Esmolol group received first dosage of 0.5 mg/kg intravenously for 1 min,then were observed for 5 min,if ventricular rate still >100 beats/min or decreased <20%,the 0.5 mg/kg esmolol was appended,meanwhile main-tained by 0.05mg·kg-1 ·min-1 via micro pump at first,maintenance dose can increase to a maximum 0.3mg· kg-1 ·min-1;lanatoside group received first dosage of 0.4mg or 0.2mg slow intravenous injection,if ventricular rate still >100 beats/min or decreased<20%,the another 0.2mg was appended.The onset time and adverse reac-tions were recorded after administration.Results:Compared with lanatoside group,there was significant reduction in mean onset time [(39.2±8.7)min vs.(5.6±3.1)min]in esmolol group,P<0.01;compared with before adminis-tration,there was significant decrease in ventricular rate in two groups after administration,P<0.05 or<0.01. On 2h af-ter administration,compared with lanatoside group,there was significant increase in decreasing range of ventricular rate (29% vs.39%)in esmolol group,P<0.05. The total effective rate and adverse reaction rate was no significant difference (P>0.05)between two groups.Conclusion:Intravenous using esmolol is efficient and safe,and it can be regarded as pre-ferred therapy to control ventricular rate in patients with rapid atrial fibrillation.

To enhance the quality and efficiency of ozagrel by investigating the differences between the ozagrel polymorphs in bioavailability. Solid ozagrel in different polymorph forms were orally administered to SD rats. An HPLC method was established to determinate plasma level of ozagrel. The bioavailabilities of two polymorph forms were calculated and compared. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ozagrel, were as follows: Cmax was 32.72 ± 17.04 and 34.01 ± 19.13 mg · L(-1), respectively; AUC0-t was 61.14 ± 14.76 and 85.56 ± 18.08 mg · L(-1) · h, respectively; t½ was 1.53 ± 0.51 and 4.73 ± 3.00 h, respectively. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between form I and II polymorphs of ozagrel while the t½ of form II is longer, which indicates that the use of form II polymorph as pharmaceutical product may prolong the effective action time in clinics. This would help the polymorph quality control in drug production.

Objective To investigate the effects of simvastatin preconditioning on the pulmonary heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in rats with lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of hind limbs. Methods Forty-eight adult male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 6 groups ( n = 8 each) : sham operation group (group S) ; I/R group; I/R + simvastatin 1,5, 10 mg/kg groups (S1 , S2, S3 groups) ; simvastatin control group (group SC) . I/R of hind limbs was produced by occlusion of bilateral femoral arteries for 2 h followed by 3 h reperfusion. Croups S1 , S2 , S3 received simvastatin 1, 5, 10 mg/kg respectively via an oro-gastric tube for 3 days before I/R. Group SC received simvastatin 10 mg/kg via an oro-gastric tube for 3 days. Arterial blood samples were taken at 3 h of reperfusion for blood gas analysis and PaO2 and PaCO2 were recorded. The animals were then sacrificed and the lungs removed immediately for pathologic examination and determination of the wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) count . Hie expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein in lung tissues was detected using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis respectively.Results Alveolar edema, localized pulmonary atelectasis and large amount of PMN infiltration were found in I/R group and were ameliorated in S1, S2, S3 groups. Compared with group S, PaO2 and PaCO2 were significantly decreased in I/R group, W/D ratio and PMN count were increased and SOD activity was significantly decreased in I/R, S1 , S2 groups, and expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein was up-regulated in the other five groups ( P ＜ 0.05). PaO2, PaCO2 and SOD activity were significantly increased, W/D ratio and PMN count were significantly decreased, and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated in S1, S2 and S3 groups as compared with I/R group ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01). W/D ratio and PMN count were gradually decreased, SOD activity was gradually increased, and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression was gradually up-regulated in S1, S2 and S3 groups. Conclusion Simvastatin preconditioning has protective effect against lung injury induced by I/R of hind limbs in rats through up-regulation of HO-1 expression in the lung tissues and in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective:To investigate the relation between the angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)levels in thoracic aorta and plasma and atherosclerosis(AS).Methods:Totally40healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into4groups(n=10).Four different feeding methods,including normal diet,high lipid,high lipid+vitamin D overload,and high lipid+vitamin D over-load+endothelium injury,were used for inducing AS in rats.The thickness of intima was taken as the index of AS severity, radio-immunity analysis was used to assay AngⅡin each group in thoracic aorta and plasma.Results:Only rats in high lipid diet group did not develop AS plaque;high lipid+vitamin D only resulted in AS fibrous plaque with VSMC proliferation;high lipid+vitamin D+endothelium injury formed ripe AS plaque.The thickness of intima and AngⅡof thoracic aorta in-creased gradually compared with control group(P

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II ; complications ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; complications

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with normal or slightly impaired renal function after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: A total of 254 consecutive ACS patients with normal or slightly impaired renal function received PCI in the Second Artillery General Hospital from 2013-06 to 2015-06 were retrospectively studied. All patients had eGRF≥60 ml (min?1.73 m2) and they were divided into 2 groups:CIN group, the patients with serum creatinine increased by 0.5mg/dl (44.2μmol/L) or elevated to 25%higher than the baseline, n=23;Non-CIN group, n=231. The basic condition with laboratory tests, operative indexes were recorded and eGRF value were calculated in all patients.
Results: There were 9%(23/254) patients suffered from CIN after PCI. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that emergent PCI (OR=0.370, 95%CI 0.060-2.297), increased plasma level of NT-proBNP (OR=4.209, 95%CI 1.202-14.742) and without pre-operative aspirin administration (OR=7.950, 95%CI 1.108-57.034) were the clinical risk factors for post-operative CIN occurrence.
Conclusion: Emergent PCI, higher plasma level of NT-proBNP and no pre-operative aspirin administration were the risk factors for CIN occurrence in ACS patients with normal or slightly impaired renal function after PCI.

Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane on hippocampal neurogenesis in den-tate gyrus (DG) of mice of different ages. Methods Ninety-six SPF healthy male C57BL∕6 mice, aged 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 9 months and 20 months (24 mice for each age, 12 mice for each group), were divided into 2 groups (n＝48 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and sevoflurane group (group S). Group S inhaled 3. 0% sevoflurane for 2 h once a day for 3 consecutive days, while group C inhaled the mixture of air and O2. Six mice of each age were selected, and 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) 50 mg∕kg was intraperitoneally injected immediately before and after inhalation once a day for 3 consecutive days in two groups. Mice were sacrificed at 24 h after the last inhalation (T1), brains were re-moved and hippocampi isolated for determination of the number of nestin and doublecortin ( DCX) positive cells in DG by immunohistochemistry. Mice were sacrificed at 4 weeks after the last inhalation ( T2), brains were removed and hippocampi isolated for determination of the number of neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN)∕BrdU and glial fibrillary acid protein ( GFAP )∕BrdU positive cells by immunofluorescence. Re-sults Compared with group C, the number of nestin and DCX positive cells was significantly reduced at T1, and the number of NeuN∕BrdU and GFAP∕BrdU positive cells was reduced at T2in mice of 2 weeks and 20 months old (P＜0. 05), and no significant change was found in the indices mentioned above in mice of 6 weeks and 9 months old in group S ( P＞0. 05). Conclusion Three percent sevoflurane can inhibit hipp-ocampal neurogenesis in DG of immature and old mice and exerts no influence on hippocampal neurogenesis in DG of juvenile and adult mice.