The internal limiting membrane (ILM),composed of collagen fibers,glycosaminoglycans,laminin and fibronectin,is the basement membrane of the retinal Müller glia cells and serves as an interface between the vitreous and retina.The ILM is the structural interface between the vitreous and retina.ILM removal ensures separation of the posterior hyaloid from the macular surface,which can relieve macular traction and prevent postoperative epiretinal membrane formation.Thus,vitrectomy with ILM peeling has become an increasingly utilized and vital component in surgical intervention for various vitreoretinal disorders.However,many recent studies showed that ILM peeling is a procedure that can cause immediate traumatic effects and progressive modification on the underlying inner retinal layers.There were some surgical strategy (fovea-sparing ILM peeling or inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique,or Abrasion Technique).But some controversies exist,such as when ILM peeling is necessary,which adjuvant to use to perform the procedure,and what is the best technique to peel the ILM.A full assessment ILM structure and function and related factors of surgery is helpful to predict the anatomical and functional prognosis.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of the treatment of neodymium-yttrium aluminum garne (Nd:YAG) vitreolysis for the anterior vitreous opacity after implantation of intraocular lens.MethodsForty-nine eyes of 47 patients with the anterior vitreous opacity after implantation of intraocular lens received the slit lamp examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and B-scan. The anterior vitreolysis and posterior capsulotomy were performed simultaneously with Nd:YAG laser. The outcomes of visual acuitiy changes and complications were studied. ResultsIn 49 eyes, 46 had anterior vitreous opacity associated with posterior capsule opacification, and the other 3 without obvious posterior capsule opacification. In all patients, the visual acuity improved significantly without any complications after the laser procedure (t=32.50, P=0.007). After Nd:YAG laser treatmen, transparent area was found in anterior opaque vitreous in 21 eyes (42.86%) within 15 minutes, and in 47 eyes (95.92%) within 24 hours. No complication occured in or after the operation. ConclusionsIn the patients with visual deterioration after implantation of intraocular lens, the prescence of anterior vitreous opacity should be concerned. Opening the opaque anterior vitreous with Nd:YAG vitreolysis is effective for the patients with the anterior vitreous opacity after implantation of intraocular lens.

Objective To improve the deficiencies of current methods ,explore a new way to estimate endogenous antibodies in‐terference in immunoassay reagent .Methods According to EP14‐A3 ,RF samples and normal samples were tested at the same time by reference reagents ,reagent A and B respectively .Reagent A and B were to be evaluated .RF samples′location was compared to 95% CI of Deming regression line based on the normal samples .Results In comparison of reagent A vs .reference reagent ,RF sam‐ples exceeded 95% CI upper limit ,which indicated the anti‐interference ability to RF of reagent A was different from the reference reagent statistically .Meanwhile ,all RF samples tested by reagent B fell in 95% CI ,RF samples interfered reagent B hardly ,which indicated the reagent B had similar anti‐interference performance to RF as reference reagent .Conclusion The method from EP14‐A could intuitively reflect the resistance to endogenous antibodies for newly developed immunoassay reagents .

Objective To estimate the effect of tretinoin gel sheeting on early-stage hyperplastic scars in rabbit ears,and to evaluate the feasibility to prevent and treat hyperplastic scars with it.Methods The ears of 24 rabbits were used to establish a model of hyperplastic scar according to previously reported methods.Then,the rabbit ears were randomly divided into four groups:control group receiving no treatment,gel sheeting group treated with the vehicle of the tretinoin gel sheeting,0.05％ tretinoin group treated with 0.05％ tretinoin gel sheeting,0.1％ tretinoin group treated with 0.1％ tretinoin gel sheeting.All the gel sheetings were topically used twice daily for six consecutive weeks.During the treatment,the size,thickness,color and texture of scars were estimated.After six weeks of treatment,all the scar tissues were resected from the rabbit ears and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and van Gieson (VG) staining.Statistical analysis was carried out by analysis of variance and rank sum test.Results The scars were deeply colored,thickened,hard and elevated with an uneven surface in the control group,but lightly colored,thinned and soft with the presence of small subcutaneous nodules in the other three groups.The surface of scars in the two tretinoin groups was similar to that of adjacent normal skin,and scaling was observed on the scar surface in the 0.1％ tretinoin group.HE and VG staining showed a disarrangement of collagen fibers with the formation of vortex-like structures in the control group.A significant decrease was noted in the number of fibroblasts and microvessels as well as amount of collagen deposition per unit cross-sectional area in the two tretinoin groups compared with the control group and gel sheeting group.Additionally,the collagen fibers were regularly arranged and parallel to the long axis of scars in the two tretinoin groups.The scar hyperplasia index (HI) was 3.173 ± 0.26,2.465 ± 0.19,1.906 ± 0.21 and 1.903 ± 0.23 in the control group,gel sheeting group,0.05％ tretinoin group and 0.1％ tretinoin group respectively,the fibroblast density (NA) was 5836.7 ± 527.03,4128.73 ± 387.66,3207.59 ± 439.17 and 3200.28 ± 421.48 respectively,and the area density of collagen fiber (AA) was 45.38 ± 5.83,36.57 ± 6.84,28.09 ± 3.82 and 28.07 ± 3.47 respectively.As far as HI,NA and AA were concerned,the control group differed significantly from the other three groups (all P ＜ 0.01),and the gel sheeting group from the two tretinoin groups (all P ＜ 0.01),but no significant difference was observed between the two tretinoin groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Topical tretinoin gel sheeting can inhibit scar proliferation at early stage in rabbit ears,and may provide a new choice for the prevention and treatment of hyperplastic scars.

MicroRNAs ( miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post transcriptionally regulate the gene expression , involving in the process of growth , development , aging and death of organisms .It has been demonstrated that miRNAs were associated with the structure and function of blood vessels and heart , involving in the aging process of blood vessels and cardiomyocytes .For example , miR-29, miR-34a, miR-217, miR-146a may participate in the regulation of aging blood vessels;miR-21, miR-22, miR-18, miR-19 may emerge as the regulators of aging cardiomyocytes .These miRNAs may function as the novel biomarkers for the cardiovascular ag-ing.This article reviews the current studies on miRNA and cardiovascular aging .

The paper collects the network data from www.haodf.com to establish a model,conducts an empirical study on the factors influencing the selection of doctors in online medical websites,and puts forward the suggestions for the construction of online medical websits from 4 aspects of normalizing management,focusing on propaganda,highlighting online public praise,and expanding profit channels.

Based on literature research and data analysis, the current development situations of the large comprehensive hospitals in the underdeveloped area were analyzed objectively.In addition, with the practical situation of Guangxi, the article did not only elaborate the necessity of establishing a research oriented hospital, but also the way for the construction of research oriented hospital in the underdeveloped area.

Objective To study the effect of Pingl? Formula (PL) on the arrhythmia of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods Rat arrhythmia models were established by occlusion of the LAD coronary artery for 15 min and thereafter reperfusion for 45 min.At the same time,the changes were observed on lead Ⅱ dynamic ECG.The activities of Ca~(2+)-ATPase,Mg~(2+)-ATPase,and Na~+,K~+-ATPase were determined, respectively.The levels of ATP,total adenine nucleotides(TAN),and energy charge(EC) of the myocardial organized energy state were analyzed by RP-HPLC.Results PL(ig 0.04,0.20,and 1.00 g/kg) showed to decrease the incidence of arrhythmia induced by ischemia-reperfusion,shorten the duration of ventricular arrhythmia and eliminate the incidence of ventricular fibrillation.The activities of Ca~(2+)-ATPase,Mg~(2+)-ATPase,and Na~+,K~+-ATPase were increased by PL.In the PL(0.04,0.20,and 1.00 g/kg) groups,ATP levels recovered to 58%,68%,and 86% as compared with normal group,simul-taneously,TAN values were enhanced to 25%,49%,and 66% and EC values to 24%,27%,and 29%, respectively.Conclusion PL has obvious antiarrhythmic effect on rat,the protective action is related to the improvement of energy metabolism.

Objective To explore the effects of low density lipoprotein(LDL) containing immune complexes(IC) on the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) in U937 cells.Methods U937 cells were incubated with native LDL,oxidized LDL or LDL-IC,respectively.mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) in U937 cells were measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(PT-PCR).Results Normal U937 cells hardly expressed MMP-1,but highly expressed TIMP-1.N-LDL had no effect on the expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 mRNA.Ox-LDL can induce slightly expression of MMP-1 and markedly down-regulate expression of TIMP-1.Similarly,nature and oxidized LDL-IC had significantly more effect on the mRNA expressions of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 than that of control(P

Skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) is the microenvironment for muscle cells to survive and function. Changes in ECM components and structure directly affect the activity and function of muscle cells. Pathological remodeling occurs to skeletal muscle ECM in insulin resistance, including collagen deposition, hyaluronan accumulation, activation of membrane protein integrin signaling path-way, and the imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, while all those would impair the tissue insu-lin sensitivity.