Background and purpose: Chemokines play an important role in cancer occurrence and development. However, little about the function of CCL26 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is reported. This study was designed to observe and study the expression of chemokine CCL26 in ESCC tissues and to analyze their association with pathological features of ESCC. Methods: Expressions of chemokine CCL26 in 197 ESCC tissues and their corresponding paraneoplastic normal esophageal tissues were determined by tissue array and immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique, and its correlations to age, gender, lymph nodes metastasis, TNM stage, general classification and 5-year survival rate of ESCC patients were further analyzed. Results: ①CCL26 was expressed in both ESCC and paraneoplastic normal esophageal tissues. The expression of CCL26 in ESCC tissues was signiifcantly higher than that in paraneoplastic normal esophageal tissues (61.8%vs 20.6%, P<0.05).②The expression of CCL26 was correlated with lymph node metastasis, but not correlated with age, gender, tumor cell differentiation, and general classiifcation (P>0.05).③Survival analysis showed that the abnormal expression of CCL26 was associated with 5-year survival rate of patients with ESCC. The 5-year survival rate of ESCC patients with CCL26 positive expression was obviously lower than that of ESCC patients with CCL26 negative expression. Conclusion: CCL26 upexpression might play an important role in the progression and development of ESCC patients. The high level of CCL26 expression is correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival. Detection of CCL26 expression may have important prognostic values in ESCC patients.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic significance of microcalcifications in breast cancer.Methods 120 cases of breast lesions with microcalcifications confirmed by pathology were included in this study,of them,97 cases were breast carcinoma,including infiltrating ductal carcinoma(n=71),invasive lobular carcinoma(n=23),and others 3 cases,23 cases were benign breast diseases.All cases underwent mammography,X-ray features of microcalcification were analysed in comparison with that of pathology.Results (1)The microcalcifications of breast in totally 120 cases could be divided into 3 types according to the density of calcifications,those were high (45/120),middle (34/120) and low (41/120) density.The middle and low dense microcalcifications were more seen in breast cancer(73.19%,71/97),high dense microcalcifications were more seen in benign breast diseases(82.00%,19/23).(2)The malignant calcifications were mostly less than 0.5 mm in diameter.The calcifications appeared as sandy in 68/97,bulky in 18,“Y”,“V”,branch or club in 8 and worm in 3.The benign calcifications were mostly more than 0.5 mm in diameter with regular form and defined margin.(3)Dense or clustered microcalcifications were often seen in breast cancer (82/97),scatter and/or bulky microcalcifications were more seen in benign breast diseases(16/23).Conclusion Microcalcification is important finding in diagnosis of breast cancer,espcially early cancer on macrography,but it should differentiate with benign breast microcalcifications.

Objective To improve the radiological diagnosis of breast cancer .Methods The authors collected 15 cases of breast carcinoma confirmed by operation and pathology. All these cases were misdiagnosed by mammography.Mammographic manifestations and data of clinic were analyzed retrospectively. Results 4 cases changed like small fibroadenoma, 3 cases showed microcalcification, 3 cases showed localized mammary gland architecture distrotion,2 cases showed multiple small patchy shadows in the hyperplasic mammary gland, 2 case showed small focus of increased density, 1 case no abnormal sign, 4 cases among of them can not be palpated mass .Conclusion The combination between palpation and radiology is valuable for diagnosis of breast carcinoma and decreasing misdiagnosis.

Objective To compare the effects of pulse high-volume hemofiltration (PHVHF) and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) on severe acute panceatitis (SAP). Method From January 2005 to December 2009, a total of 38 patients with SAP were randomly(random number) divided into PHVHF group ( n = 18)and CVVH group ( n = 20). After hemofiltration for 72 hours, clinical symptoms, APACHE Ⅱ score, biochemical changes and mortality were observed. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in plasma were assayed by using ELISA before and after treatment. The doses of dopamine used in shock patients were also observed. Measurement data were expressed in(-x) ± s, and t-test was used for comparison between two groups. Results In both groups ,symptoms were markedly improved after treatment. The APACHE Ⅱ score, serum amylase, creatinine, and white blood cell count were decreased ( P ＜ 0.05). Besides, hypoxemia and acidosis were corrected, and the PHVHF group was superior to the CVVH group especially in heart rate, breathing and APACHE Ⅱ score ( P ＜ 0. 05).The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 decreased in both groups ( P ＜ 0.05), and the PHVHF group was superior to the CVVH group ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The doses of dopamine used in shock patients also decreased in both groups ( P ＜0. 01 ), and they decreased more in PHVHF group than in CVVH group ( P ＜ 0.05). The mortality was 11.1%in PHVHF group and 25 % in CVVH group. Conclusions PHVHF is obviously superior to CVVH in the treatment of SAP, and can serve as an important adjuvant therapy for SAP, stabilizing the hemodynamics and reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors and mortality.

Objective To discuss the diagnostic value of peritoneal effusion detection by emergency-ultrasound in patients with closed abdominal injury. Method From August 2006 to June 2009,212 patients with closed abdominal injury were studied to evaluate peritoneal effusion detection by emergency ultrasound. Results of 212 patients,peritoneal effusion frequency rate was 78.8%( 167/212), meanwhile,abdominal paracentesis confirmation ratio was only 46.2%(98/212). In the follow-up, 13 patients with injuried hollow viscera and 1 patient with rupture of kidney showed peritoneal effusion. The volume of abdominal fluid was increasing in 17 patients,which needed to be managed by surgery. The accuracy rates were respectively 78.3%( 112/143) and 36.1%(13/36) in the solid organs and the hollow organs. Conclusion During the course of diagnosis and treatment in closed abdominal injury,peritoneal effusion monitoring by ultrasound should be used routinely, which can help to decrease the rate of misdiagnosis and avoid delayed treatment.

Objective: Although previous studies have validated the effect of childhood trauma on depressive level, few studies have utilized the diathesis-stress theory to investigate the specific roles of perceived stress and rumination in the pathway between childhood trauma and depression in Chinese college students. This study aims to demonstrate the mediation effect of perceived stress and the moderation effect of rumination in the pathway between childhood trauma and depressive level in Chinese college students. Methods: A total of 995 Chinese college students in Guangzhou were included in this study by recruitment advertisement from October to December 2021. And they were asked to finish four self-report questionnaires, including Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, Perceived Stress Scale, the 22-item Ruminative Response Scale, and Beck Depression Scale-II. Then the data were analyzed with Mplus 8.3. Results: Results revealed significant correlations among childhood trauma, perceived stress, rumination and depressive level. Further analyses revealed that perceived stress played a mediation role between childhood trauma and depressive level (estimate=0.09, standard error [SE]=0.02, t=5.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.06–0.12), and rumination played a moderation role between childhood trauma and perceived stress (estimate=-0.17, SE=0.06, t=-2.86, 95% CI=-0.28– -0.05]) as well as between childhood trauma and depressive level (estimate=0.10, SE=0.04, t=2.74, 95% CI=0.03–0.16). Conclusion These results revealed the mediation effect of perceived stress and the moderation effect of rumination in the pathway between childhood trauma and depressive level in Chinese college students, which helped us to understand how the childhood trauma influenced the depressive level and gave us multi-dimensional indications for reducing the effect of childhood trauma on depressive level.

Objective To compare the molluscicidal effects between“Luo-wei”(TDS),a plant molluscicide in 4 percent, and metaldehyde and niclosamide(MNSC)in the field. Methods A natural ecological environment with Oncomelania hupensis was selected as the test area,the test concentrations of TDS and MNSC were 2.5 g/m3 and 2 ml/m3 respectively by the immersion method;the test doses of TDS and MNSC were 3 g/m2 and 2 ml/m2 respectively by the spray method;the doses of WPN in a control group were 2 g/m3 and 2 g/m2 respectively by the two methods above-mentioned. The molluscicidal effects between TDS and MNSC were compared by using the synchronous design method and parallel comparative method. Results In the TDS group,the death rate of snails was 90.70%by immersion for 24 hours,reached to 81.40%after spraying for 7 days,and there were no significant differences among the observation time points in molluscicidal effects(P>0.05). One day after the spraying,the death rate of snails was less in the TDS group compared with that in the MSCN group(P<0.01),but the death rates of snails were similar in both groups 3 days after the spraying(P>0.05). In the MSCN group,the death rate of snails was 99.17%by immersion for 24 hours,reached to 66.07% by spraying for 1 day. In the WPS group,the death rate of snails was 97.15% by immersion for 24 hours,reached to 71.43%after spraying for 1 day,and there were no significant differences(both P>0.05). Conclusion TDS has a good molluscicidal activity and stable efficacy,and the molluscicidal effect of TDS is similar to that of MSCN in the filed, but the molluscicidal sensitivity of TDS is lower than that of MSCN.

OBJECTIVE To optimite the purification technology of total triterpenoid extracts from Inonotus obliquus ，and to investigate the anti -tumor activity of its purified products . METHODS Using inotodiol as control ，the method was established for the content determination of total triterpenoid in I. obliquus. The type of macroporous adsorption resin ，sample volume ，sample concentration，sample flow rate ，eluent volume ，eluent dosage and elution flow rate were selected by single factor experiments . The purification technology of the crude extract was determined and verified . The effects of total triterpenoid purified from I. obliquus on the proliferation ，migration and apoptosis of human cervical cancer HeLa cells were detected by cell proliferation test ， migration test ，flow cytometry and AO/EB kit . RESULTS The best purification technology of total triterpenoid crude extracts from I. obliquus was as follows ：AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin was used ；mass concentration of the sample solution was 2.0 mg/mL；sample volume was 140 mL，and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min；the impurity was removed with 50% ethanol 40 mL， then eluted with 95% ethanol 160 mL，at the elution flow rate of 3.0 mL/min. After purification ，mass concentration of total triterpenoid from I. obliquus increased from 34.36% to 73.39%. The total triterpenoid of I. obliquus could inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells ，and the 50% inhibitory concentration was 184.20 μg/mL. Compared with control group ，the purified products could significantly inhibit the migratio n and promote the apoptosis of HeLa cells （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The purification technology of total triterpenoids extracts from I. obliquus is successfully optimited . The purified product could inhibit the proliferation and migration of HeLa cells and induce their apoptosis.

Objective: To explore the socioeconomic status and psychological characteristics of the children with oppositional defiant disorder(ODD), and to provide evidence for revealing the pathogenesis of ODD. Methods: General Conditions Questionnaire and Achenbach Children′s Behavior Checklist Scale (CBCL) were used to evaluate 44 cases of ODD children aged 8 to 14 years old who were first referred to the Eighth People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou City from August 2016 to January 2017, and 50 healthy children were randomly selected according to their grades from a primary school in Zhengzhou.Chi-square test and independent sample t test were used to analyze data. Results: The father′s and mother′s education levels and family per capita income in ODD group were lower than those in healthy control group, and their academic achievements in ODD group were worse than those in healthy control group, and the diffe-rences were statistically significant(all P=0.000). The scores of schizoid (2.32±2.73), depression(4.48±6.12), social problems(3.09±3.34), compulsion(4.05±5.60), social withdrawal(2.39±3.20), hyperactivity(4.95±4.37), aggressive behavior(7.59±7.62) and rule-breaking(2.91±3.85) in ODD children were higher than those of the healthy control group(1.04±1.37, 1.48±2.06, 0.68±1.13, 0.78±1.46, 0.60±1.16, 1.70±1.98, 2.48±3.28, 0.62±1.58), and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The scores of social problems(2.85±3.33), compulsion(3.96±5.11), social withdrawal(2.63±3.16), hyperactivity(5.44±4.50) in male ODD children were higher than those in the male healthy children(0.80±1.05, 1.30±1.92, 0.95±1.50, 2.15±1.56), and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Compared with the female children(0.83±1.22, 1.10±1.84, 0.60±1.18, 0.43±0.92, 0.53±1.09, 0.37±0.80, 1.40±2.17, 1.87±2.14, 0.30±0.78), the scores of schizoid(2.24±2.64), depression(4.65±4.93), social problems(3.47±3.37), compulsion(4.18±6.38), somatic complaints(2.12±3.65), social withdrawal (2.00±3.26), hyperactivity(4.18±4.12), aggressive behavior (8.24±7.26) and rule-breaking(3.76±4.85) in female ODD children were significantly higher, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). There was no significant gender difference in the score of CBCL scale in ODD group(all P>0.05). Conclusions There are significant emotional and behavioral problems in ODD children whose family socioeconomic status is lower, and their psychological characteristics vary with gender differences.

BACKGROUND: Afatinib, a second-generation irreversible epidermal growth factor inhibitor receptor for the development of non-small cell lung cancer and secondary drug resistance, has low bioavailability and adverse reactions due to current oral administration. The aim of this study was to prepare a novel drug delivery system, afatinib liposome, and to establish a method for the determination of encapsulation efficiency. METHODS: Four different preparation methods were used to prepare afatinib liposomes, and the optimal preparation process was determined by comparing the encapsulation efficiency and particle size. RESULTS: It has been verified that sephadex microcolumn centrifugation can be used to purify afatinib liposomes, and UV spectrophotometry can be employed to determine the entrapment efficiency of liposomes. Among different preparation methods, the encapsulation efficiency of afatinib liposomes prepared by ammonium sulfate gradient method was 90.73% and the average particle size was 108.6 nm. CONCLUSIONS Ammonium sulfate gradient method can be successfully applied to prepare afatinib liposomes that performed higher encapsulation efficiency and smaller particle size. The UV spectrophotometry employed to determine the liposome encapsulation efficiency was easy operation and with high accuracy.
Afatinib ; Capsules ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Liposomes ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Quinazolines ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; therapeutic use