Objective To explore the experience in removing the axillary accessary breast by Mammotome system.Methods Axillary accessary breasts of 23 patients were removed by Mammotome system .Results The pa-thology of the 23 patients was accessary breast .There are no accessary breast by checking axillary by ultrasonic or mammography postoperative 3 months.Conclusion It is feasible and safe to remove axillary accessary breast surgery by Mammotome system method .

Objective To evaluate the value of PET-CT in patients with breast cancer and to determine if the PET-CT can provide additional information to predict early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).Methods NAC was given to 20 patients with breast cancer confirmed by biopsy puncture from September 2009 to March 2012.The PET-CT was carried out for all patients before NAC.TEC program with three weeks for one cycle was selected.After 6 days of the first cycle,the PET-CT was performed again.The changes of standard uptake value before and after the first cycle were compared.At the same time hand palpation was selected to detect the changes in tumor size before and after the first cycle of NAC.The changes of the standard uptake value and in tumor size need to refer to the pathology Miller & Payne classification methods to evaluate the efficacy of the NAC.Results The SUV were (7.51±1.76) Bq/ml and (4.98±1.61) Bq/ml before and after chemotherapy (t =7.916,P ＜ 0.05) the maximum tumor diameters were (9.62±4.38) cm and (8.89±4.08) cm before and after NAC (t =2.154,P＞ 0.05).SUV had highly correlated with pathological MP classification (r =0.725,P =0.000); while for the tumor size there was no significant change (r =0.026,P =0.824).Conclusion PET-CT can predict the efficacy earlier and is more accurate than clinical efficacy standard for the NAC.

Objective To improve the radiological diagnosis of breast cancer .Methods The authors collected 15 cases of breast carcinoma confirmed by operation and pathology. All these cases were misdiagnosed by mammography.Mammographic manifestations and data of clinic were analyzed retrospectively. Results 4 cases changed like small fibroadenoma, 3 cases showed microcalcification, 3 cases showed localized mammary gland architecture distrotion,2 cases showed multiple small patchy shadows in the hyperplasic mammary gland, 2 case showed small focus of increased density, 1 case no abnormal sign, 4 cases among of them can not be palpated mass .Conclusion The combination between palpation and radiology is valuable for diagnosis of breast carcinoma and decreasing misdiagnosis.

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of serum carrying Fortune's drynaria rhizome chomocor on proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblast of new-born SD rats. Methods (1) Preparation of serum carrying Fortune's drynaria rhizome chromocor: Fortune's drynaria rhizome chromocor was administered once everyday for continuous 12 days to 12 months old female SD rats. Blood was obtained from aorta. (2) Creation of the experiment model; Isolated the osteoblast from the neonatal SD rats' calvaria by using enzyme digestion twice, subcultured. The third passage of cultured osteoblast was chosen as the experiment model. (3) Index; ①The proliferation capacity of osteoblast: detected by method of MTT. ②The differentiation activity of osteoblast: detected by the alkaline phosphatase assay (PNPP) and the amount of ostecalcin (radioimmunoassay). ③The mineralization activity of osteoblast: detected by counting mineral deposites under 40× microscope after chinalizarin staining. Results Serum carrying Fortune's drynaria rhizome chromocor stimulated proliferation of osteoblast of new-bom SD rats in vitro, promoted the excretion of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalsin, and increased the formation of the mineral deposites. Conclusions Fortune's drynaria rhizome chromocor can stimulate proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts and promote the bone formation.

Objective To compare the molluscicidal effects between“Luo-wei”(TDS),a plant molluscicide in 4 percent, and metaldehyde and niclosamide(MNSC)in the field. Methods A natural ecological environment with Oncomelania hupensis was selected as the test area,the test concentrations of TDS and MNSC were 2.5 g/m3 and 2 ml/m3 respectively by the immersion method;the test doses of TDS and MNSC were 3 g/m2 and 2 ml/m2 respectively by the spray method;the doses of WPN in a control group were 2 g/m3 and 2 g/m2 respectively by the two methods above-mentioned. The molluscicidal effects between TDS and MNSC were compared by using the synchronous design method and parallel comparative method. Results In the TDS group,the death rate of snails was 90.70%by immersion for 24 hours,reached to 81.40%after spraying for 7 days,and there were no significant differences among the observation time points in molluscicidal effects(P>0.05). One day after the spraying,the death rate of snails was less in the TDS group compared with that in the MSCN group(P<0.01),but the death rates of snails were similar in both groups 3 days after the spraying(P>0.05). In the MSCN group,the death rate of snails was 99.17%by immersion for 24 hours,reached to 66.07% by spraying for 1 day. In the WPS group,the death rate of snails was 97.15% by immersion for 24 hours,reached to 71.43%after spraying for 1 day,and there were no significant differences(both P>0.05). Conclusion TDS has a good molluscicidal activity and stable efficacy,and the molluscicidal effect of TDS is similar to that of MSCN in the filed, but the molluscicidal sensitivity of TDS is lower than that of MSCN.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)frequently results in sudden death and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide.The drugs approved for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD are usually used in combination but are inefficient owing to their side effects and single therapeutic targets.Therefore,the use of natural products in developing drugs for the prevention and treatment of ASCVD has received great scholarly attention.Andrographolide(AG)is a diterpenoid lactone compound extracted from Andrographis paniculata.In addition to its use in conditions such as sore throat,AG can be used to prevent and treat ASCVD.It is different from drugs that are commonly used in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD and can not only treat obesity,diabetes,hyperlipidaemia and ASCVD but also inhibit the pathological process of atherosclerosis(AS)including lipid accumulation,inflammation,oxidative stress and cellular abnormalities by regulating various targets and pathways.However,the pharmaco-logical mechanisms of AG underlying the prevention and treatment of ASCVD have not been corrobo-rated,which may hinder its clinical development and application.Therefore,this review summarizes the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying the development of ASCVD and the in vivo and in vitro pharmacological effects of AG on the relative risk factors of AS and ASCVD.The findings support the use of the old pharmacological compound('old bottle')as a novel drug('novel wine')for the pre-vention and treatment of ASCVD.Additionally,this review summarizes studies on the availability as well as pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties of AG,aiming to provide more information regarding the clinical application and further research and development of AG.

BACKGROUND: Afatinib, a second-generation irreversible epidermal growth factor inhibitor receptor for the development of non-small cell lung cancer and secondary drug resistance, has low bioavailability and adverse reactions due to current oral administration. The aim of this study was to prepare a novel drug delivery system, afatinib liposome, and to establish a method for the determination of encapsulation efficiency. METHODS: Four different preparation methods were used to prepare afatinib liposomes, and the optimal preparation process was determined by comparing the encapsulation efficiency and particle size. RESULTS: It has been verified that sephadex microcolumn centrifugation can be used to purify afatinib liposomes, and UV spectrophotometry can be employed to determine the entrapment efficiency of liposomes. Among different preparation methods, the encapsulation efficiency of afatinib liposomes prepared by ammonium sulfate gradient method was 90.73% and the average particle size was 108.6 nm. CONCLUSIONS Ammonium sulfate gradient method can be successfully applied to prepare afatinib liposomes that performed higher encapsulation efficiency and smaller particle size. The UV spectrophotometry employed to determine the liposome encapsulation efficiency was easy operation and with high accuracy.
Afatinib ; Capsules ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Liposomes ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Quinazolines ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; therapeutic use

Objective: To explore the socioeconomic status and psychological characteristics of the children with oppositional defiant disorder(ODD), and to provide evidence for revealing the pathogenesis of ODD. Methods: General Conditions Questionnaire and Achenbach Children′s Behavior Checklist Scale (CBCL) were used to evaluate 44 cases of ODD children aged 8 to 14 years old who were first referred to the Eighth People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou City from August 2016 to January 2017, and 50 healthy children were randomly selected according to their grades from a primary school in Zhengzhou.Chi-square test and independent sample t test were used to analyze data. Results: The father′s and mother′s education levels and family per capita income in ODD group were lower than those in healthy control group, and their academic achievements in ODD group were worse than those in healthy control group, and the diffe-rences were statistically significant(all P=0.000). The scores of schizoid (2.32±2.73), depression(4.48±6.12), social problems(3.09±3.34), compulsion(4.05±5.60), social withdrawal(2.39±3.20), hyperactivity(4.95±4.37), aggressive behavior(7.59±7.62) and rule-breaking(2.91±3.85) in ODD children were higher than those of the healthy control group(1.04±1.37, 1.48±2.06, 0.68±1.13, 0.78±1.46, 0.60±1.16, 1.70±1.98, 2.48±3.28, 0.62±1.58), and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The scores of social problems(2.85±3.33), compulsion(3.96±5.11), social withdrawal(2.63±3.16), hyperactivity(5.44±4.50) in male ODD children were higher than those in the male healthy children(0.80±1.05, 1.30±1.92, 0.95±1.50, 2.15±1.56), and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Compared with the female children(0.83±1.22, 1.10±1.84, 0.60±1.18, 0.43±0.92, 0.53±1.09, 0.37±0.80, 1.40±2.17, 1.87±2.14, 0.30±0.78), the scores of schizoid(2.24±2.64), depression(4.65±4.93), social problems(3.47±3.37), compulsion(4.18±6.38), somatic complaints(2.12±3.65), social withdrawal (2.00±3.26), hyperactivity(4.18±4.12), aggressive behavior (8.24±7.26) and rule-breaking(3.76±4.85) in female ODD children were significantly higher, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). There was no significant gender difference in the score of CBCL scale in ODD group(all P>0.05). Conclusions There are significant emotional and behavioral problems in ODD children whose family socioeconomic status is lower, and their psychological characteristics vary with gender differences.

Vision formation is classically based on projections from retinal ganglion cells (RGC) to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the primary visual cortex (V1). Neurons in the mouse V1 are tuned to light stimuli. Although the cellular information of the retina and the LGN has been widely studied, the transcriptome profiles of single light-stimulated neuron in V1 remain unknown. In our study, in vivo calcium imaging and whole-cell electrophysiological patch-clamp recording were utilized to identify 53 individual cells from layer 2/3 of V1 as light-sensitive (LS) or non-light-sensitive (NS) by single-cell light-evoked calcium evaluation and action potential spiking. The contents of each cell after functional tests were aspirated in vivo through a patch-clamp pipette for mRNA sequencing. Moreover, the three-dimensional (3-D) morphological characterizations of the neurons were reconstructed in a live mouse after the whole-cell recordings. Our sequencing results indicated that V1 neurons with a high expression of genes related to transmission regulation, such as Rtn4r and Rgs7, and genes involved in membrane transport, such as Na/K ATPase and NMDA-type glutamatergic receptors, preferentially responded to light stimulation. Furthermore, an antagonist that blocks Rtn4r signals could inactivate the neuronal responses to light stimulation in live mice. In conclusion, our findings of the vivo-seq analysis indicate the key role of the strength of synaptic transmission possesses neurons in V1 of light sensory.