Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a common pathological state. Cognitive impairment is its main manifestation in early stage, and it will eventually result in persistent or progressive cognitive impairment and neurological deficits. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion caused neuronal damage, synapse abnormity, energy impairment and the function defects of central cholinergic system and monoaminergic system are its pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in cognitive impairment.

Objective By using a newly developed animal model of limited macular translocation (LMT) in rabbit eyes, to explore the complications,indications and predictability of LMT. Methods LMT models were performed in 15 rabbit eyes, and were divided into 4.5 mm group and 3.5 mm group by the length of scleral shortening.The effect of retinal translocation (distance and direction) and its complications were analyzed. In a separated group, postoperative corneal astigmatism was studied after release of scleral shortening suture 1 month after LMT. In order to study the impact of neuroretina retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) adhesion on LMT, retinas and choroids in 4 pigmented rabbit eyes were pretreated with photocoagulation. Results Success rate of LMT was 86 7%. In these cases, retinal translocations were achieved [(distance of 610 to 2 690 ?m, [AKx-]?s =(1 395?636) ?m; translocation angle ? of 10 38?, ?s =(22.7?8.3) ?]. The difference in scleral shortening between 4.5 mm and 3.5 mm groups did not significantly influence the final translocation. Major complications of LMT included intraocular bleeding, retinal break, and corneal astigmatism. Release of scleral shortening suture reduced corneal astigmatism and made it more regular, meanwhile, retinal translocation did not regress. The neuroretina RPE adhesion induced by retinal photocoagulation made neuroretinal hydrodissection difficult, and led to retinal break readily. . The difference in scleral shortening between 4.5 mm and 3.5 mm groups did not significantly influence the final translocation. Major complications of LMT included intraocular bleeding, retinal break, and corneal astigmatism. Release of scleral shortening suture reduced corneal astigmatism and made it more regular, meanwhile, retinal translocation did not regress. The neuroretina RPE adhesion induced by retinal photocoagulation made neuroretinal hydrodissection difficult, and led to retinal break readily. Conclusion Sufficient LMT models in rabbit eye were obtained with few postoperative complications. Direction of retinal translocation is an important factor influencing the effect of LMT, except for distance. Release of scleral shortening suture can effectively reduce corneal astigmatism without causing regression of retinal translocation. For the patients with a history of macular or para macular photocoagulation, LMT should be performed carefully.

Objective To explore the effect of red lip defect repair using orbicularis oris muscles pedicle island flap disc.Methods 100 cases of unilateral pure red lip defect 1/3-2/3,lip lines full of patients were selected as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into two groups,50 cases in each group.Group A treated with debridement surgery to repair.Group B received red lip flap to promote repair treatment.The treatment effect of the two groups, satisfaction, lip survival rate and the degree of obvious scars were compared.Results he operation effect of the two groups was good.The satisfaction rates of group A and group B were 94.00% and 96.00%,respectively.For the lip shape treatment satisfaction, the difference was no statistically significant (P>0.05).The patients of the two groups with lip all alive, and 1 patient in group A with obvious scar, the scar was not obvious in group B.Conclusion For patients with red lip defect, take orbicularis oris muscles pedicle island flap of the oral mucosa or red lip flap to promote repair treatment has relatively significant clinical efficacy, with easy operation, less influence on the patients with facial form, it is worthy of popularizing.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis and anticoagulant therapy for post-traumatic acute submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) in middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods Totally 45 patients with post-traumatic acute submassive pulmonary embolism in our hospital were selected.Patients were divided into thrombolysis group (n =22) and anticoagulation group (n=23) according to their conditions.Symptoms and signs,blood gas analysis,D-dimer,echocardiography,CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) were performed before and after thrombolysis or anticoagulant therapy.Results There were no significant differences in clinical curative rate between thrombolysis group and anticoagulation group [95.5％ (21/22) vs.91.3％ (21/23),x2 =0.32,P＞0.05],and no case was found dead in both two groups.There was a significant difference in hemorrhage rate between thrombolysis group and anticoagulation group [27.3％ vs.4.3％,x2 =4.53,P ＜ 0.05].At 24 hours after thrombolysis or anticoagulant therapy,the improvement rate of dyspnea,PaO2 level was significantly higher and the pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly lower in thrombolysis group than in anticoagulation group [45.5％ (10/22) vs.17.4％ (4/23),(80.4±8.1) mm Hg vs.(73.6±9.3) mm Hg,(51.2±6.2) mm Hgvs.(60.3±5.7) mm Hg,respectively,all P＜0.05],and there were no statistical significances at other time points between the two groups.Conclusions The clinical curative rate and fatality rate are similar in thrombolysis group versus anticoagulation group.Hemorrhage rate is higher in thrombolysis group than in anticoagulation group.Thrombolysis can relieve dyspnea rapidly,reduce pulmonary artery pressure and make the embolized blood vessels recanalized.Patients with low bleeding risk in a critical condition are suggested to take thrombolysis therapy,while patients with high bleeding risk in a light condition are suggested to take anticoagulant therapy.

BACKGROUND: Precise clinical treatment of talar ischemic necrosis remains controversial at present.OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in the stress and its distribution on talar trochlear articular surface in case of talar necrosis at different levels.METHODS: The present study adopted eight ankle specimens to establish the three-dimensional finite element model of ankle. Through changes in the talar necrosis volume of these models, this study analyzed the change law of talar trochlear articular surface stress and its distribution and calculated the critical necrosis volume of traumatic foot and ankle arthritis or talar collapse that may be induced by talar ischemic necrosis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The experiment successfully established the three-dimensional finite element model of ankle. This study found that talar trochlear articular surface stress distribution showed little change in case of talar medial and lateral necrosis at a lower level; when medial talar necrosis volume reached (26.6±1.5)%, and lateral talar necrosis volume reached (35.0±2.5)%. Stress concentration phenomenon occurred in the boundary area between talar necrosis tissue and normal osseous tissue, and the stress area took the shape of irregular pattern. It is suggested that surgical treatment should be considered due to the high-risk induction of ankle-foot traumatic arthritis or talar collapse.

Objective To research the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of Plasmacytomas Variant Translocation Gene(PVT1) and diabetes nephropathy.Methods To assay PVT1 SNPs (rs10808565,rs13447075,rs2648862,rs2720709,rs2648875) in two groups individuals with diabetes nephropathy and diabetes by MassARRAY system.Then analysis the results by statistical methods to evaluate the relationship between PVT1 SNPs and diabetes nephropathy.Results The distributions of SNPs of PVT1 (rs10808565,rs13447075,rs2648862,rs2720709,rs2648875) were all under the Hard-Weinberg equilibrium in two groups.Difference in PVT1 rs2648875 between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05);and there were no significant differences in the others SNPs (rs10808565,rs13447075,rs2648862,rs2720709) between two groups.Conclusion PVT1 rs2648875 may contribute to the susceptibility of DN in chinese people and the others PVT1 SNPs (rs10808565,rs13447075,rs2648862,rs2720709) may not be Chinese susceptibility gene in DN.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of velvet antler polypeptides(VAP)on hydrogen peroxide( H2 O2 )-induced injury in vascular endothelial cells and the possible mechanism.METHODS The EVC-304 cells cultured invitrowere incubated with H2 O2 for another 12 h after pretreat-ment with VAP 20,40 and 80 mg·L-1 for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, Hoechst333258 staining was used to observe cell morphology,the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)and the level of malondialdehyde( MDA)were detected with kits and the expression of heat shock protein(HSP70)and caspase 3 was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group,the cell survival rate was decreased significantly in H2 O2 injury group( P ﹤0.01),cell shrinkage,chromatin condensation,and nuclear fragmentation were seen,the intracellular SOD activity decreased while MDA content increased(P﹤0.01),and caspase 3 and HSP70 expression increased(P﹤0.01). Compared with H2 O2 group,the cell survival rate in VAP 20,40 and 80 mg·L-1 pre-treatment groups increased significantly(P﹤0.01),the apoptosis ratio declined from(25.3±1.0)% to (15.2±1.2)%,(10.3±0.9)% and(7.9±1.4)%(P﹤0.01),the SOD activity increased to 19.2±0.5,22.3± 1.7 and(24.9±0.6)kU·g-1 protein(P﹤0.01),MDA concentration decreased to 1.51±0.2,1.48±0.3 and (1.02±0.1)μmol·g-1 protein(P﹤0.01),and the expression of caspase 3 and HSP70 declined significant-ly(P﹤0.01). CONCLUSION VAP has exert protective effect on H2 O2-induced injury in vascular endothe-lial cells. The possible mechanism might be related to improvement of intracellular oxidative stress level.

The Acetobacter xylinum and Schizosacchromyces sp. were isolated from tea fungus culture. Each strain 's function on the production of antibacterial protein was explored by single-strain culture and double-strain culture under various condition. The preliminary conclusion is that the protein is synthesized by the yeast cells and its antibacterial activity is significantly improved through modification by bacteria enzymes. The results of co-cultures of several yeasts with the Acetobacter xylinum show that Schizosacchromyces is superior to other yeasts.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of head-up tilt test with sublingual isosorbide dinitrate （HUTSI）in patients with vasovagal syncope (VVS). Methods: A total of fifty-two consecutive patients with clinically vasovagal syncope (VVS group) and thirty-eight control subjects without prior experience of syncope (normal control group) were evaluated by baseline head-up tilt table test (BHUT) , then the BHUT negative subjects underwent HUTSI test. . Results: (1) Positive BHUT test rate of VVS group and normal control group were 25% (13/52) and 0 respectively; from supine to HUT positive, there were significant decrease in heart rate [(73.1±8.5) times/min vs. (56.2±11.2) times/min] and mean arterial pressure [MAP, (81.2± 10.8) mmHg vs. (50.2±10.4) mmHg，P<0.05 both] in BHUT positive subjects. There were 21 HUTSI positive cases（53.9%）among the other 39 VVS patients, and two cases（5.3%）among the 38 subjects of normal control group. From supine to HUTSI positive, there were significant decrease in heart rate [(65.2±7.5) times/min vs. (52.9±10.5) times/min] and MAP [(78.3±10.7) mmHg vs. (48.8±11.2) mmHg, P<0.05 both] in HUTSI positive subjects. Duration from tilt started to positive reaction occurred in HUTSI positive group was significantly shorter than that of BHUT positive group [(10.8±9.3) min vs. (21.1±11.5) min，P<0.05]. All subjects can tolerate the test and only two cases in VVS group and one case in normal control group occurred headache and face red. Conclusion: Head-up tilt test with sublingual isosorbide dinitrate is a practical and easy-to- perform method with high sensitivity, specificity and few side effects for diagnosis of vasovagal syncope.

Objective:To examine the effect of compound ketotifen eye drops(CKF,containing 0.1% ketotifen and 0.000 5% dexamethasone) on experimental acute allergic conjunctivitis in rats.Methods:27 male Wistar rats were immunized by intraperitoneal injection of egg albumin and were randomized into three groups: CKF,0.1% ketotifen (KF) and 0.000 5% dexamethasone (DM) Rats in each group received the respective eye drops in one eye and vehicle in the other eye 60,45,30,15 min before and 15,30 min after challenge.Immediately before challenge,the rats were injected intravenously with Evans Blue(EB).The challenge was performed by topical instillation of egg albumin,and 60 min later,the animals were killed and the dye was extracted from the eyes.The intensity of EB extravasation was determined by spectrophotometry at 620nm and inhibitory rates were calculated.Results:CKF,KF and DM suppressed EB extravasation significantly.The inhibitory rate was 53.98%±15.57% for CKF,27.91%±28.36% for KF and 11.90%±34.16% for DM.CKF was more effective than both KF and DM on inhibiting dye vascular leakage in the eyes (P＝0.028,0.004,respectively).Conclusion:These data clearly indicate that the compound of ketotifen eye drops has potential as a topical ocular formulation for anti-allergic disease.