Three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has been improving the industrial process from uniform pipeline production procedure in manufacture into individualized production with distributed network. 3D printing technique also provokes these changes in the field of medicine, especially in orthopedics, stomatology and radiology. The role of 3D printing technique has been increasingly highlighted in tumor radiotherapy. Current studies and application mainly focus on personalized tissue compensato (bolus), brachytherapy (high-dose post-loading and particle implantation therapy), 3D printing personalized phantom and individualized fixtures, etc. In this article, research progresses on the application of 3D printing technique in radiotherapy at home and abroad were reviewed.

0.05) in the maimed group, indignation score was high, depression score was low and self-esteem score was high ( P

Objective To explore the new way of administration and clinical effect of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of focal hyperhidrosis.Methods The clinical efficacy was observed in 132 sites of 28 patients with focal hyperhidrosis,and the degree and range of focal hyperhidrosis were determined by the minor iodine-starch test.50 U of botulinum toxin A was injected in unilateral axillary,palms and soles with BellaVita instrument and 30 U for forehead.Each patient was followed-up in 1 week,2 weeks and every month after injection for 8 months.According to the results of the minor iodine-starch test the objective effect and evaluation score were obtained,and the comprehensive effect evaluation score was calculated with the objective effect evaluation score and the subjective effect evaluation score in each follow-up.Results The comprehensive effect evaluation score before injection of botulinum toxin A was 1.34±3.94,and that after injection was 23.21±9.44 for 1 week,92.41±11.95 for 1 month,98.21±5.60 for 2 months,95.98±5.94 for 3 months,and 86.61±10.17 for 4 months,respectively.Compared with that before injection,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).The effect decreased slowly after 4 months of injection,and the efficacy was maintained for 8 months (4.46±6.98);compared with that before injection,the difference of the clinical efficacy was not statistically significant (P ＞0.05).Based on the comprehensive effect evaluation scores,the differ ence of the clinical efficacy was not statistically significant between 1 week and 6 months after injection (P＞0.05).Conclusions The clinical effect of botulinum toxin A injected by BellaVita is prompt and effective for focal hyperhidrosis.

Objective:To observe the adverse reactions of killer cytokine-induced (CIK) in the treatment of malignant tumor and to analyze the possible mechanism ,and to develop the targeted prevention and treatment measures .Methods: The clinical data, including various adverse reactions , laboratory tests and the corresponding preventive measures against adverse reactions .In 1 240 patients with malignant tumor after treated with CIK cells from May 2013 to September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed .Results:The main adverse reactions after the first infusion of CIK cells were weak (10%),fever(7.25%),shiver (4%),arthralgia (3%),systemic in flammatory response syndrome reaction ( 3%) , digestive tract discomfort ( 0.96%) , acute allergic reaction ( 0.08%) , rash (0.08%),angina pectoris (0.08%),tumor lysis syndrome(0%),infection(0%).With the increase of the treatment ,the incidence of adverse reactions increased and the fever was the main performance ,after the fourth course into the platform .The combination of blood pressure increased or decreased and severe allergic reaction and systemic inflammatory response syndrome was needed to be treated .The CIK cells were pretreated before treatment could reduce the incidence of these reactions .Conclusion:CIK cells therapy is a safe and effective adoptive immunotherapy for malignant tumor and its adverse reactions can be treated expectantly , but rare adverse reactions may have potential risks .

Objective To study the behavioral changes of the spinal cord injury model to provide important data for neuroal factor therapy of the impaired spinal cord.Methods In SD rat,aged 8 weeks,(T7~T8 spinous processes as control),after the spinous process and corresponding lamina of vertebra were removed,the spinal cord was cut by using scissors to prepare the complete transversal abruptly spinal model.The behavioral score of the rat was recorded at different time.The evaluation was made in imageology and pathology.Results The score of SD rat in the experiment group was higher than the control group at different control time.The pathobiology and imageology alterations were very apparent in the damaged spinal area.Conclusion GAP-43 has neuroprotective effect on the recovery of spinal cord injury.

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanism of allogeneic platelet rich plasma (PRP) on collagen in wound surface at different time. Methods: A total of 50 clean 7-week rats were selected for this study, including 10 rats for platelet-rich blood plasma preparation, 20 rats for PRP group and 20 rats for control group, 0.1 ml allogenic PRP and 0.1 ml saline were smeared respectively on wound surfaces of PRP and control group, wound regeneration and healing were examined. Cellular and histological morphology alteration was observed via Masson staining, type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen protein and mRNA expression level were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR. T test was applied for comparison between two samples and one-way ANOVA was utilized for comparison between two groups. Results: The wound healing rate of PRP group was higher than that of control group on 3^rd, 6^th, 10^th and 15^th day (30.33±3.35 vs.18.35±2.04, 55.51±2.74 vs.36.83±2.34, 79.64±1.40 vs.56.92±1.44, 86.88±2.12 vs.65.80±1.76) after wound surface formation, there were statistic differences (t=13.66-50.48, all P<0.05). The wound collagen of PRP group form faster and coarser, and the fibers arrayed more densely in Masson staining. The protein expression of type Ⅰ collagen(1.92±0.09 vs.1.18±0.11) and type Ⅲ collagen(1.16±0.05 vs.0.74±0.11) of PRP group were higher than that of control group (t=22.99, P<0.01; t=17.62, P<0.05); the mRNA expression of type Ⅰ collagen(5.17±0.11 vs.1.79±0.18, 6.97±0.09 vs.1.96±0.08, 6.00±0.26 vs.2.10±0.05, 4.95±0.11 vs.3.58±0.09)and type Ⅲ collagen(2.35±0.08 vs.1.44±0.05, 3.08±0.05 vs.1.84±0.06, 3.48±0.07 vs.2.36±0.09, 4.42±0.07 vs.2.77±0.10) were higher than that of control group on 3^rd, 6^th, 10^th and 15^th day after wound surface formation, there were significant differences (t=43.37-188.37, all P<0.05). Conclusion The allogeneic platelet rich plasma may promote fibroblasts secreted collagen by activated and releasing all kinds of growth factors, especially type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen to accelerate the wound healing.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of CT- and bronchoscopy-guided 125I seed implantation in the treatment of central lung cancer complicated with atelectasis. Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted on twenty-nine patients who were treated from May 2016 to Oct 2019 in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University for central non-small-cell lung carcinoma complicated with pulmonary atelectasis that was inoperable due to medical reasons. 125I seeds were implanted into the trachea under the guidance of bronchoscopy first.The 125I seeds were then implanted into the hilum of the lungs by percutaneous puncture under the guidance of the CT and template.The seed activity was 18.5-29.6 MBq, and the prescription dose was 120 Gy.TPS planning and quality verification were performed before and after the operations.The rate of atelectasis recanalization, the satisfactory rate of dose verification, the improvement of dyspnea index, the survival time, and the adverse events during and after operation were observed. Results:All 29 patients with lung cancer complicated with atelectasis successfully completed the seed implantation, and the satisfactory rate of quality verification was 93.1%.The rate of atelectasis recanalization at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months was 93.1%, 89.7%, 78.6%, 76.2%, and 60%, respectively.Their dyspnea and anoxia symptoms were significantly relieved in 5-28 months after treatment.The results showed that the patients′ dyspnea index was 2.8-0.8 before treatment and 1.4-0.9 after treatment.The median follow-up period was 20 months and median survival was 21 months.Adverse events associated with the radiation therapy included pneumothorax, hemoptysis, cough, fever, and particle displacement.No level-3 or more serious adverse events occurred.Conclusions:The CT- and bronchoscopy-guided 125I seed implantation is a safe and effective therapy option for the treatment of central non-small-cell lung carcinoma associated with atelectasis.It contributes to a high rate of local recanalization, and can rapidly improve clinical conditions and quality of life of the patients with few adverse reactions.

Objective To express human-mouse chimeric antibody against anthrax protective anti-gen and to analyze its biological activities. Methods A new mammalian bipromoter expression vector was constructed with dihydrofolate reduetase(DHFR) gene as the selection and complication marker. First, the light and heavy chain variable region gene of the monoclonal antibody 5E1 were cloned by RT-PCR, at the same time the human IgG1 heavy chain constant region gene and kappa type constant region gene were cloned. Next, the human-mouse chimeric antibody genes were synthesized by fusion PCR. Then, the hu-man-mouse chimeric antibody gene were inserted into MCS of pSecTag and B1 to construct pSecTag-5E1L and B1-5E1H, respectively. Finally, heavy chain expression cassette excised from the B1-5E1H with Bgl Ⅱ/BamH Ⅰ was further cloned into the Bgl Ⅱ site of the pSecTag-5E1L to construct pSecTag-5E1. Plasmid pSecTag-5E1 was transfected into CHO(dhfr) engineering cells and high production cell clones that were screened by enhancing MTX concentration. After collecting medium and purifying chimeric antibody with af-finity chromatogram, purified chimeric antibody was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, Western blot. Results A sta-ble and high production cell line was acquired at MTX concentration 5×10~(-8) mol/L. Conclusion The hu-man-mouse chimeric antibodies were successfully expressed in CHO cells.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of 125I seed implantation for treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods An electronic literatuire search was performed about randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of 125I implantation for treamtent of advanced pancreatic cancer in CNKI,Wanfang Data,CBM,Cochrane Library,PubMed and Embase (from the date of building the database to November 2016).Two investigators independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk bias of included studies,and the Meta-analysis was performed by using Revman 5.3software.Results There were 12 RCTs (n =689) included.Meta-analysis showed that the objective respond rate(ORR) (OR =3.24,95％CI2.33-4.52,P＜0.001),the 6-month survival rate(OR =3.61,95％ CI 1.53-8.52,P =0.003),the 12-month survival rate(OR =4.80,95％ CI 2.40-9.57,P ＜ 0.001) and the relief rate of pain were higher than those in the control group.However,there were no significant differences between both groups in the 2-year survival rate and the adverse reaction rate,which were (OR=2.36,95％ CI 0.47-11.74,P =0.29) and (OR =4.94,95％ CI 1.05-23.23,P =0.04),respectively.Conclusions The limited current evidence showed that 125I implantation for treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer is effective and safety.125I implantation can improve the ORR,short-time survival rate and pain relief rate.In addition,there was no significant increase in the incidence of related adverse events except for seed malposition.Although the quality and quantity of evidences is limited,it merits further study to provide high quality evidences.

Objective To explore the safety,effectivity and dosimetric continence of 3D-printing coplanar template(3D-PCT)combined with CT-guided 125I seed implantation in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods From May 2014 to November 2016,a total of 20 NSCLC patients who were suitable for 125I seed implantation were recruited in this study.Of all the patients,10 received 125I seed implantation treatment by CT-guided combined with 3D-PCT (3D group),and the rest,by freehand puncture combined with CT-guided 125I seed implantation (free-hand group).During two days before the surgery,the patients received the CT scan.Then the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) was collected to input to the Brachytherapy Treatment Planning System (BTPS).The dose parameters including D90,D100,V100,V150,conformal index(CI),external index(EI),and homogneneity index(HI) were compared between pre-operation and post-operation.Pair t-test and single sample t-test were performed.Results V150 in 3D group between preoperation and postoperation showed statistically significant difference (t =-2.916,P ＜ 0.05),and there was no significant difference in the rest parameters(P ＞ 0.05).However,the number of seeds,V100,EI,HI in free-hand group between preoperation and postoperation showed statistically significant difference (t =-2.516,2.492,4.725,7.258,P ＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the rest parameters(P ＞0.05).Comparison of indicuted that there was significant difference in V100,V150,CI,EI,HI and dose error rate between the 3D group and the free-hand group with single sample t test,the result showed V100,CI,EI,HI between two groups(t =2.598,2.278,4.637,4.616,-4.785,P ＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in V150 (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions CT-guided 125I seed implantation brachytherapy combined with 3D-PCT for treatment of NSCLC safe is feasible,and dose controllable,and there is a certain advantage in the spatial distribution of seed compared with free-hand puncture.