The current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke are more limited. In the field of biotherapy bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSC) is a seed cell with the most potential. Synthesizing the advances in methodology of preclinical studies, this article mainly reviews the types of BMSC, time window for cell transplantation, approaches of cell transplantation, tracing technique in vivo after cell transplantation, and treatment effectiveness evaluation.

Scientific moral is an import integrant of bio-medicine research.The development of scientific morals in scientific research has great ethical significance.The author holds that the scientific morals should include the love for the subject animals,the respect for the human being subject,and esteeming the work of others.

Neural system diseases are the significant burden threatening life quality of human beings. The investigation of stem cells especially the adult stem cells improved the related basic and clinical research of biological therapy and highlighted a prpspective future. The transplantation of adult stem cells maybe an effective method to treat neural system diseases. So the collaboration between the basic and clinical research will be strenthened to serve patients. Translational medicine is a potential field in which the basic medicine and clinical medicine and linked.

To study the microstructure characteristics and clinical significance of olfactory cistern,we dissected the olfactory cisterns of 15 adult cadeveric heads under an operating microscope. The results showed that olfactory cistern was situated in the shallow part of the olfactory sulcus, which separated the gyrus rectus from the orbital gyrus. The cistern was triangular in shape in all coronal sections. The anterior portion of the cistern encased the olfactory bulbs, high and broad. The posterior portion of the cistern, which was also broad, was on the medial superior side of internal carotid artery. There were openings in the lower aspects of the posterior portions of 53 4% of the cisterns. The middle portion, which made up more than half length of the cistern, became narrower and narrower as it extended backwards. Most cisterns were spacious, in which there were less fiber trabeculae and bands between olfactory nerves and cistern walls. 23% of the cisterns were narrow and small, with their walls encasing the nerves tightly. The blood supply of the olfactory nerve was mainly from several slender arteries. But the arterial supply was segmental in some cisterns. In conclusion, most olfactory cisterns were spacious and short of fibril connections. The arterial supply of most olfactory nerves was relatively independent. Olfactory tract could be separated from the walls of the cisterns for 1-2cm in operation. But the tracts could not be separated easily in about 1/4 cases, because the originating sites of olfactory arteries were much in front of them or there were abundant fiber connections in the cisterns.

The neural stem cells (NSCs) can migrate into the injured area and differentiate into neurons or oligodendrocytes.Endogenous neurogenesis may potentially be harnessed as a putative therapy for neural injury.But the complex micro-environment due to TBI will be one of the biggest challenges for endogenous NSCs to perform neural regenerations.Exogenous NSCs have been shown to be able to survive in host tissues and regulate microenvironment via paracrine effects.Thus, transplantation of NSCs to assist neural regeneration has become an attractive option.Recently, rapid advances in the stem cell biology have raised appealing possibilities of replacing damaged or lost neural cells by transplantation of in vitro-expanded stem cells and/or their neuronal progeny.

OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution of common pathogens and their drug resistance trend and to provide the basis of the correct selection of antibiotics for clinic.METHODS Retrospective analysis was taken for blood culture specimens during 2 years in our hospital.And statistical analysis was done.All of 4028 cases of blood culture specimens were detected on automatic BacT/Alert3D rapid blood culture system,strains isolated were taken to VITEK-2 automatic microbiological analysis/sensitivity system for identification and drug susceptibility testing.Drug susceptibility results were analyzed using WHONET 5.3 software.RESULTS Totally 435 pathogen were isolated from 4028 cases of blood culture sample and the positive rate was 10.8%.195 Gram-negative bacteria strains accounted for 44.8%,mainly Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Burkholderia cepacia,Acinetobacter baumannii,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 49.9%;mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis,S.haemolyticus and S.aureus dominated.Fungi were 23 strains(5.3%),mainly Candida albicans.Among them,extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs) produced by E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains were 43.9% and 48.8%,respectively.Meticillin-resistant S.aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were 35.3% and 72.9%,respectively.But vancomycin-resistant S.aureus was not found.CONCLUSIONS The bacteria identification detected in blood culture class is quite complicated,and the drug resistance is high.Laboratories should increase the detection rate of bacterial culture and provide drug monitoring results for the clinics on time based on CLSI norms.Clinicians should use the antibiotics reasonably based on the drug susceptibility results in order to reduce nosocomial infections and the emergency of multiple drug-resistant strains.

Objective To explore the value of MRI and iron oxide particle labeling in stem cell therapy of stroke model. Methods Nine rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion were randomly selected and underwent Neurological Severity Scoring(NSS), MRI and pathological examination. The results of the 3 evaluation criteria were correlated. Bone marrow stromal cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. Eighteen models were screened and divided into 3 groups based on different transplantation sites. MRI was performed at different time points. The MR appearance of labeled stem cell transplantation sites was observed. The relative infarct volume of the models in three groups were recorded and compared. Results Significant correlations among the NSS, MRI and pathological examination were found. Different MR sequences could depict local transplanted labeled stem cells and gradient echo sequence was the most sensitive method, while the T2WI showed its advantage of better temporal resolution. MR images showed the morphological changes of transplanted stem cells. The change of the relative infarct volume showed no significant differences among the three groups. Conclusion MRI is an ideal tool to evaluate the rat stroke model. MRI together with iron oxide particle labeling technique helps to in vivo track and monitor the transplanted stem cells.

Objective To label Flk-1+CD31-CD34-human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and to evaluate the effect of SPIO on proliferation and neural differentiation of labeled cells. Methods hMSCs were incubated with SPIO (50 mg/L) and PLL (1.5 mg/L) overnight(12～18 hours). Both labeled and unlabeled cells went through growth curve test,Trypan blue staining and flow cytometer to evaluate the effects of SPIO on cell proliferation,cell viability and surface markers. Immunofluorescence assay was conducted for neuron and neuroglia specific cell surface markers after neural induction protocols were used. Results Cell viability of the two groups were both more than 90% for 7 days. There was no significant difference in cell viability and growth curve test between two groups. The results of flow cytometer showed that both labeled and unlabeled cells expressed CD44, CD105 and Flk-1 markers, while CD31 and CD34 were negative. After neural induction, the statistical analysis of A value for all the markers showed no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion SPIO, as MRI cellular contrast, is safe and efficient.

Objective Investigate the behaviors of cerebral ischemic rats after treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Methods Bone marrow was collected and BMSCs were separated and cultivated.Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were performed transient(2 hours) middle cerebral arterial occlusion(MCAO) and then divided into treated group(n=12) and control group(n=12).All rats received corresponding behavioral training before surgery,15 ?L hBMSCs(2?1010cells/L) and D-hanks(15 ?L) were injected into the brain cortex after 24 h of MCAO.Morris water maze test,NSS,Rotarod test and adhesive-removal test were performed serially and cyclically from the 4th day after transplantation.Results Since the 8th day after transplantation,the mean escape time and the mean swimming distance of treated group significantly are shorter than control's in Morris water maze test(P

Objective To compare and evaluate the efficacy of three operating procedures to produce permanent rat models of cerebral ischemia, including mortality, neurological evaluation score, infarction volume of ischemia and time consumed in the operation. Methods The rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1: The common carotid artery (CCA) and external carotid artery (ECA) were ligated during the operation and ICA was clipped temporarily by artery clamp. Group 2: The CCA and ECA were ligated and the superior thyroid artery and pterygopalatine artery were exposed but not ligated. Silk suture was utilized to hang the internal carotid artery (ICA). Plastic suture was inserted into ICA and stepped over the initiation point of pterygopalatine artery under microscopic observation. Group 3: The CCA and ECA were ligated and ICA was hanged with a silk suture, and the pterygopalatine artery was not exposed, but during the period of inserting plastic suture, the proximal part of the suture was pressed to make the suture's round distal end elevated, and then pass the initial point of pterygopalatine artery. Mortality, neurological score, volume of ischemic infarction and operation time consumed of the three groups were compared after the operation. Results The procedure to prepare the model was most efficient in the group 3, taking only 17.5 min to complete, significantly less than that in the group 1 (50 min) and group 2 (40 min), (P<0.05), and with a lower mortality and more steady neurological evaluation score and infarction volume. Conclusion The use of the third operating method can shorten the operation time and improve the efficacy of operation. Using this method, more consistent and repetitive focal cerebral ischemia models can be produced effectively, and meet the demands of clinical trials.