The main functions of modern Clinical Engineer(CE) is discussed. By combining experience of clinical engineering in developed country with clinical practice in our country, the work character problem of clinical engineering was proposed. According to the reality of equipment management and operation, the function of CE is not only to ensure medical equipment to run normally but also estimate the value of equipment in before buying or abandoning, PSS and technology study. Through the efforts of CE, the main functions of equipment can be made the best, medical therapy and new method research is more efficient.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the most common type of malignant lymphoma. DLBCL is heterogeneous with respect to morphology, immunophenotype, biology, clinical presentation and outcome. Constitutive activity of the NF-κB pathway may contribute to the poor prognosis of patients with activated B cell-like (ABC) subgroup of DLBCL, caspase recruitment domain 11 (CARD11) is the important signal protein in the signaling pathway of NF-κB. Furthermore, various pre-clinical data have proved the importance of CARD11 in DLBCL. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of CARD11, and its relationship with NF-κB signaling transduction pathway and the outcome of DLBCL, so that we can better understanding the pathogenesis and new therapeutic target of DLBCL.

With rapid advancements in internal fixation and new surgical instruments, surgical treatment has gradually emerged as the first treatment choice for mandibular condylar fractures. An appropriate surgical incision is the first and determinant step during surgery to avoid postoperative complications. Hence, surgical approaches in relation to oral and maxillofacial trauma surgery for the treatment of mandibular condylar fractures have been extensively investigated. This review summarizes the research progress on surgical approaches in the management of mandibular condylar fractures.
Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Mandibular Condyle ; surgery ; Mandibular Fractures ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Research ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To study and evaluate the inhibitory role of ?-carboxyglutamic acid(Gla)in the Gla domain of prothrombin in the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Methods The addition of morpholine and formaldehyde to the solution of prothrombin caused the conversion of 8 Gla to ?-methyleneglutamic acid (8?-MGlu)or 2 Gla to ?-methyleneglutamic acid(2?-MGlu) ,the inhibitory activity of which to calcium oxalate crystallization was detected with seeded crystallization technique. Results The conversion of Gla to ?-MGlu leads to the decreased inhibitory activity of prothrombin to calcium oxalate crystallization,the inhibitory index being decreased from normal 14.2 to 12.8 of 2?-MGlu or 5.0 of 8 ?-MGlu prothrombin respectively. Conclusions Gla in prothrombin may play an important role to inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate calculi.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for standardized dispensation of chemotherapy drugs in PIVAS.METHODS:Cautions for the dispensation of chemotherapy drugs and process steps of emergency were introduced as well as the disposal of waste and liquid after dispensing.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Centralized and standardized dispensation of chemotherapy drugs in PIVAS improves the quality of the dispensation of chemotherapy drugs.And it ensures the safety of drug use and strengthens the occupational protection of staff.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) biochemical indexes in central nervous system (CNS) infection .Methods The results of CSF culturing and detection of biochemical indexes including glucose(Glu) ,lactate dehy‐drogenase(LDH) ,chloride ion(Cl) and protein(PRO) were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from September to December 2013 .Taking the results of CSF culturing as golden standard ,the biochemical indexes were analyzed by using receiver‐operating characteristic(ROC) curve for single index and combined indexes .Results A total of 157 CSF speci‐mens were collected ,including 39 culture‐positive specimens and 118 culture‐negative specimens .Areas under ROC curve(AUC) of Glu ,LDH ,Cl and PRO were 0 .653 ,0 .633 ,0 .626 ,0 .671 ,respectively .The AUCs of combined detection of these biochemical inde‐xes were higher than those of single index ,and the AUC of combined detection of these four indexes was the largest ,up to 0 .694 , but all were less than 0 .7 .Conclusion Glu ,LDH ,Cl and PRO all could be independent biochemical indexes for diagnosing CNS in‐fection ,among which PRO has the highest diagnostic value .And combined detections of these indexes are better than single detec‐tions ,especially combination of four indexes ,which is the strongest indicator ,but accuracy is low whether single or combined detec‐tion .More sensitive and specific biomarkers of CSF should be explored for rapid diagnosis of CNS infection .

ObjectiveTo research the hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and immune tolerance status of transgenic mice for elucidating the pathogenesis of hepatitis B and evaluating new drugs against HBV.Methods SPE grade HBsAg negative nontransgenic and transgenic mice with the same genetic background were recruited in this study.HBsAg,HBeAg and HBV DNA were detected by chemiluminescent method.Pre-S1 and HBcAg were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbont assay (ELISA).Liver pathology was examined and HBsAg expressions at different stages were determined by immunohistochemical staining.The lymphocyte proliferation of mice was detected by flow cytometry and interferon (IFN)γ-producing T lymphocytes was determined by enzyme linked immunospot (ELISPOT).The expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR9 in splenocyte suspension and splenic dendrite cells (DC) were determined by double-labeling immunofluorescence.The data were analyzed by t test and F test.ResultsHBsAg,preS1,HBeAg,HBcAg were expressed and HBV DNA was replicated in HBV transgenic mice,while anti-HBs,anti-HBc,and anti-HBe were all negative.There were no obvious pathological changes in liver tissues.HBsAg was expressed in cytoplasm and HBcAg in nucleus of hepatocytes.After stimulated with HBsAg,T lymphocyte proliferation capacity of HBV transgenic mice was (697.6±67.3) cpm,which was much lower than that of nontransgenic mice [( 1315.5 ±191.6) cpm].The number of spot forming cells of IFNγ-producing splenocytes from transgenic mice after HBsAg stimulation was 8.25 ± 1.10,which was obviously lower than that of nontransgenic mice (28.50±4.21) (F=155.967,P=0.000).The expressions of CD11c+,TLR2 and TLR9 on DC from both HBV transgenic and nontransgenic mice were not different significantly (all P＞0.05).The HBsAg expressions in liver tissues were observed in 18-day-old fetal mice and 1-day-old newborn mice.ConclusionsThe HBV transgenic mice can express HBV-related antigens,and are immune tolerant to the antigens.The innate and acquired immunity of the HBV transgenic mice are normal,which is similar to chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers of human.Therefore,HBV transgenic mouse is an ideal animal model.

Objective To investigate the relationship between bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and child bacterial pneumonia. Methods BALF levels of IL-6, IL-8 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 26 patients with bacterial pneumonia and 14 controls. Neutrophils and alveolar macrophages (AMs) of BALF were examined. Results BALF levels of IL-6, IL-8, total cell count and neutrophils of child bacterial pneumonia before treatment were significantly higher than those of pneumonia after treatment and controls (P<0.01). BALF levels of IL-6, IL-8 were significantly higher in Gram-negative infection than those in Gram-positive infection (P<0.01). BALF level of IL-6 showed positive correlation with AMs in pneumonia (r=0.7615, P<0.01). BALF level of IL-8 was correlated positively with neutrophils and AMs respectively in pneumonia (r=0.8956, r=0.6018, P<0.01). Conclusions IL-6 and IL-8 play the roles in the development of airway inflammation in child bacterial pneumonia. Detection of BALF levels of IL-6 and IL-8 is valuable to predict the state of child bacterial pneumonia.

Objective To investigate the surgical selection of retinal detachment with myopic macular holes. Methods Management strategies were adopted according to the ocular symptoms of patients with high myopia involved in posterior chorioretinal atrophy, the colour showed by the bottom of macular holes and the shape of posterior staphyloma. Seventy-five eyes of 72 patients fulfilled the study criteria. The patients were followed up in an average of eight-month-observation and were divided into three groups: single 16% C2F6 gas tamponade (26 eyes of 26 patients) as group A,vitrectomy combined with 16% C2F6 gas tamponade (26 eyes of 23 patients) as group B and vitrectomy with silicon oil tamponade (23 eyes of 23 patients) as group C. Results 69.2%(18/26) of the macular holes were closed in group A, 73.1%(19/26)in group B and 87.0% (20/23) in group C after the primary surgery. Comparison of postoperative outcomes,macular hole closure rate was not significantly different among three groups (P= 0.3184). Conclusions It suggests that good anatomic retinal reattachment be achieved using any approach. However, the optimal surgical choice regarding of the personality case offered less surgical burden and more rapid visual rehabilitation to patients.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the method for promoting drug circulation management of online pharmacies. METH-ODS:Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) was applied to identify the critical control points (CCPs) and explore the effective method for drug circulation management of online pharmacies. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:According to the HAC-CP principle,four CCPs of drug circulation management of online pharmacies are supplier qualification,acceptance method,main-tenance and storage scheme and distribution system. It is suggested to adopt correct measures of drug circulation quality manage-ment of online pharmacy. Firstly,the supplier’s legal qualification should be determined and the quality of the drug should be regu-larly checked;secondly,drug retailers should improve the acceptance method of drugs and improve the sampling rate of drug;then,the three three four scientific conservation which required the medicine to be divided into three parts according to the pro-portion of 30%,30%,40% and checked monthly should be implemented to improve the storage and maintenance program;finally, the independent distribution system should be established to ensure the full process of the appearance inspection.