OObjective] Study on“Shanghuo”connotation,expression and its application of the Chinese medicine.[Method] Based on studying the ancient literature,we can define the“Shanghuo”disease concept according to the anatomical site at the head part,pathogenesis with“Shanghuo”pathological features;We can summarize the specific words of“Shanghuo”disease expression according to a variety of pathogenesis. [Results]The common terms of“Shanghuo”disease include“Shangchong”“Chongshang”“Shangyan”“Yanshang”“Shangfu”“Shanggong”“Shangyue”“Huoyan”“Huosheng”“Shengyan”“Shangzhuo”“Shangteng”“Shangxing”,they are thirteen kinds.The category of“Shanghuo”disease includes“epistaxis”“toothache”“sore throat”“aphtha”“ kakostomia”“tongue pain”“tinnitus”“headache”“facial acne”and more than 30 species.Clearing-heat and nourishing-yin is not the only treatment for“Shanghuo”being divided into Yinhuo and Yanghuo. [Conclusion]“Shanghuo”disease is generally expressed through the specific words,the latter is intrinsically linked with the fire of different organs,the different parts of disease and the nature of disease.Treatment of“Shanghuo”should be based on syndrome differentiation.

Objective] Study on the exact meaning of Quhan in traditional Chinese medicine processing. [Methods] Based on studying the ancient and modern Chinese literature, with Sichuan pepper as the breakthrough point, we can analyze Quhan method of processing and the role. [Results] The process of Quhan is a component of the water or oil that is contained in the internal drug, which is transferred to the surface of the drug by frying or heap stuffy, it can not simply be regarded as to remove the water or oil from the drug. A correct understanding of Quhan is practically significant for people to master some of the traditional Chinese medicine processing degree and improve the treatment result of the drug instead of removing the water or oil from the drug. [Conclusion] Quhan is the method that the liquid substance is free to the surface of traditional Chinese medicine processing, which can make the drug's effect better.

[Objective] Have a research on therapeutic methods of phlegm syndrome of Li Ziyi in Qing dynasty, to sum up his therapeutic experience of such syndrome.[Methods]Analysis on the related states and cases on the base of researches on the contents of “Approaches of phlegmatic scrofula ”which was written by Mr. Li, elaborating his characteristics in treating such syndrome. [Results] Mr. Li considered that phlegm syndrome can be classified into milder phlegm and scrofula according to its level of the patient ’s condition and therapeutic effect. He also believed that several aspects should be taken into consideration through the therapeutic process:treat by internal combing with external treatment ,pay attention to seven emotions and smoothen the temper, emphasize nursing care and obey to the contraindication strictly. [Conclusion]There are features in Mr. Li ’s view on phlegm and his treating method of phlegm syndrome. His treating method has a good therapeutic effect and it is worth popularizing.

Objective]Summarizing the thinking and experience for pediatric diseases of Zhi Yu QiaoKe. [Method]Analyse and induce the contents of“Clear-headed of Pediatric”, which was written by Zhi Yu QiaoKe ,elaborating his characteristics in treating pediatric diseases features.[Results]Zhi Yu QiaoKe amended the treatments and academic point of views, which were not conformed to the medical principles and practice proved to be errors, proposed“the differentiation of infantile convulsion of error theory”,“not hungry theory”; he considered that clinical cure, then pathogenesis diagnosis was accurate;medication must be care of primordial qi and spleen and stomach;in addition, we still should also focus on nursing and adhere to the taboo. [Conclusion]The Clear-headed Pediatric with precise arguments and appropriate classification reflects the author ’s advanced medical theory and excellent medication principle of dialectical thinking, rigorous medication principle and exquisite nursing technique, the clinical diagnosis and treatment rules and characteristics of a certain reference value for the modern clinical, worthy of promotion.

Objective] To explore the treatment of cough caused by fire-evil from its pathogenic characteristics. [Method] To analyze the specificity about fire-evil invading lung for cough cases during the Qing Dynasty and Modern Times, with the basic theory of TCM and the discussion of past dynasties. [Results] Lung covering other viscera, fire flaming upward,cough easily caused by fire-evil, these are due to yin deficiency to see more, such as kidney-yin deficiency, heart-yin deficiency, liver-yin deficiency, there is also excess fire from the dyspepsia. The treatment should be fire-clearing, gas-dropping, yin-nourishing and removing food retention. [Conclusion] In the cough caused by other evil,it can also be modeled on the analysis of its pathogenesis and therapeutic rule.

Objective:In order to research the relationship between the function and the structure of human brain Acetylcholinesterase,use the monocolonal antibodies scanning antigenic decapeptides of human brain Acetylcholinesterase.Methods:Synthesis of overlapping decapeptides corresponding to the sequence of the human brain Acetylcholinesterase has been carried out on biotinylated with primary amino groups according to a method developed by M Geyson. Peptides Synthesized using the multipincombinatorial chemical synthesis technique have been used in an enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay.Results:A antigenic epitope of human brain Acetylcholinesterase recognized by monoclonal antibody against Torpedo Acetylcholinesterase is received by decapeptide scanning.Conclusion:The antigenic epitope 111 could be recognized by the polycolonal antibody against human brain Acetylcholinesterase and monoclonal antibody against Torpedo Acetylcholinesterase,the results indicate that the epitope is highly conserved in human brain AChE and Torpedo AChE.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of mammography,3.0T MR and the combination for benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods Sixty-one patients with breast lesion proved by postoperative pathology included 47 malignant cases and 14 benign cases.Imaging indexes were recorded and analyzed for all cases,including TIC type,ADC value and whether the Choline peak was detected on MRS.SPSS 17.0 statistical software package was used for analysis.Chisquare test was used for count data and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results The accuracy were 45.9% and 62.3% respectively for mammography or MR as a sole method for the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast disease.When combining the two techniques,the diagnostic accordance rate was 80.3%.The rate based on the combination of mammography and MR were higher than on basis of either kind of examination along, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=4.08,P<0.05).Conclusion MR examination was superior to mammography for the diagnosis value of benign and malignant breast lesions.When combining mammography with MR examination,it could not only obviously improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer but also provide the theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and the prognosis.

OBJECTlVE To investigate the effect of α-glycan isolated from Isatis indigotica on humoral immunity and cellular immunity functions in mice immunized with H1N1 influenza vaccine. METHODS BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly once with H1N1 influenza vaccine ( 3 μg) plusα-glycan ( 100μg) each mouse. The serum total antibody titer and its isotype antibody titer of immu-nized mice were analyzed by ELlSA at 5, 8, 10, 12 and 14 d after injection at vaccine. The proliferation activities of spleen T and B lymphocytes were determined with MTT method. The levels of cytokines interferon-γ( lFN-γ) , tumor necrosis factorα( TNF-α) , interleukin-4( lL-4) and lL-12 were measured by ELlSA kits. The populations of CD4+, CD8+, CD3+ and CD19+ lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the proliferation rate of macrophages was studied with MTT method in vitro. RESULTS The α-glycan from I.indigotica could gradually induce high specific-antibody production 5-14 d after immunization with H1N1 influenza antigen plus theα-glycan in mice compared to immunization with antigen alone ( P<0.01) . After injection of antigen withα-glycan for 5 d, the main lgG isotype was lgM, and the titer levels of total lgG, lgG1 , lgG2a and lgG2b were also significantly raised following 5-14 d after immunization. The α-glycan significantly promoted the spleen T and B lymphocytes proliferation ( growth rate 44.2%and 37.8%) , stimulated the secretion of lFN-γand lL-12 of splenocytes ( P<0.01, P<0.05) , and also promoted lL-4 secretion of thymocytes (P<0.01). The polysaccharide significantly raised the percent age of CD3+T cells ( P<0.01) , CD3+/CD19+ T lymphocytes ( P<0.01) , and CD8+ T cells ( P<0.01) but decreased the percentage of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes compared with antigen alone group ( P<0.01) . Furthermore, the α-glycan exhibited significant effects on the proliferation and TNF-α secre-tion of MH-S macrophages. CONCLUSlON Theα-glycan isolated from I.indigotica can improve humoral and cellular immunity response in mice immunized with H1N1 influenza vaccine.

Objective To establish the method for isolation and culture of porcine Sertoli cell sand detect the expression of the immune privilege-related molecules in the cultured cells. MethodsTestes were aseptically removed from the 10-to 15-days old Large White piglets. Testes were decap-sulated, minced and then digested with 0.2% (W/V) collagenase type V, 0.25% (W/V) trypsin and 0.05% (W/V) DNaseI. In the primary isolation, Sertoli cells were cultured at 37℃with 5% CO2.Inverted phase contrast microscopy and HE staining were used to observe the morphology of Sertoliceils, and the Sertoli cells were identified under an electron microscope. Viability and apoptosis ofcultured cells were measured with the AnnexinV-PI staining by flow cytometry. The expression of sox9, FasL, TGF-β and clusterin in Sertoli cells was detected by RT-PCR. The viability of long-termcultured Sertoli cells was assayed by MTT. Results In the cultured total cells, Sertoli cells accountedfor more than 90%. The apoptosis rate and mortality of Sertoli cells was (2.61±0.96)% and (2.12±0.74)% respectively. RT-PCR revealed that the expression of sox9, TGF-β and clusterin in theSertoli cells was strongly positive, but FasL was weakly positive. Viability of cultured cells measuredby MTT conformed that the sertloli cells could survive more than 21 days. Conclusion The isolationand culture methods of the neonatal porcine Sertoli cells was established. Under the culturedconditions, the Sertoli cells can express the immune privilege molecules and successfully survive at least 21 days.

Objective To evaluate the risk-benefit of aspirin discontinuation during the perioperative period in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Methods Eighty-eight patients of both sexes,aged ≥65 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy,taking aspirin to prevent cardiovascular diseases,were divided into 2 groups (n =44 each) using a random number table method:non-discontinuation group (N group) and discontinuation group (D group).No aspirin was discontinued during the perioperative period in group N.Aspirin was discontinued at 7 days before surgery and resumed at 3 days after surgery.Venous blood samples were collected at 24 h before surgery (To) and 30 min and 24 h after surgery (T1.2) for measurement of blood coagulation by thromboelastography,and clot reaction time,coagulation time,angle oα,maximal amplitude,and coagulation index were recorded.The occurrence of TEG parameters below/above normal values of clinical significance was recorded.The intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage,reoperation due to hemorrhage within 48 h,perioperative blood transfusion and fluid infused,and adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial ischemia,venous thrombosis of lower extremity,pulmonary embolism,etc.)within 30 days after surgery were also recorded.Results Compared with group N,no significant change was found in the intraoperative blood loss,intraoperative fluid infused,postoperative drainage rate and drainage volume,reoperation due to hemorrhage within 48 h,or length of hospitalization (P＞0.05),angle α,maximal amplitude and coagulation index were increased,clot reaction time was shortened,the incidence of clot reaction time below normal values of clinical significance was increased in group D (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events between group D (7％) and group N (0) (P＞0.05).Conclusion Perioperative discontinuation of aspirin does not reduce the perioperative blood loss with no clinical benefit,induces blood hypercoagulation and increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events,and thus it is recommended not to discontinue aspirin in the perioperative period in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.