Objective To evaluate the applicative value of ultrasound elastography in diagnosis of focal lesions in the parotid and submandibular glands.Methods 30 patients(30 lesions) were scanned by real-time ultrasound elastography and were analyzed in elastography evaluated criteria (5 score method).All the results were compared with the pathological types.Results The elastographic grades of most benign nodules were 1 - 3,while most of malignancy were 4 - 5.The elastographic grades of benign and malignant lesions were of significant difference statistically( P ＜0.01 ).If elastographic grade 4 or 5 were diagnosed as malignancies,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy for diagnosing malignant l(e)sions in the parotid and submandibular glands were 72.73 ％,84.21 ％,80.00 ％,respectively.Conclusions Ultrasound elastography is useful in the differential diagnosis of focal lesions in the parotid and submandibular glands.

Objective To investigate the role of cHSP60 in the pathogenesis of murine cervicitis.Methods Fifty female C3H/HeN mice were randomly and equally classified into 5 groups, including the control group receiving no treatment and 4 groups receiving intravaginal inoculation of cHSP60 (cHSP60 group),live elementary bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis (MoPn group), inactive elementary bodies of MoPn (inactive MoPn group) and growth medium (medium group), respectively. Five days after the inoculation,cervical tissue was resected from these mice and subjected to pathological examination. Results There were varying degrees of inflammatory reaction characterized by neutrophil infiltration, necrosis and shedding of mucosal cells in the cervices of mice in cGSP60 and MoPn groups. No statistical difference was observed in the incidence of cervicitis (90% vs. 80%, P ＞ 0.05), neutrophile count [76.00 (25.0 - 80.0) vs. 25.00 (8.75 -32.5), P＞ 0.05] or inflammation score [12.5 (11.5 - 14.25) vs. 9.00 (8.00 - 11.5), P ＞ 0.05] between the cHSP60 and MoPn group. The inflammatory reaction was weak with decreased incidence of cervicitis (40%),inflammation score [0.00 (0.00- 12.50)] and neutrophile count [0.00 (0.00- 15.50)] in inactive MoPn group compared with the cHSP60 and MoPn groups (all P ＜ 0.05). A small number of neutrophils migrated into the superficial layer of cervical mucosa in only 2 mice in the medium group. Conclusion cHSP60 may be a primary pathogenic factor in chlamydial genital tract infection.

Objective To analyze the phytosterol content in plant materials commonly used in functional food in China.Method Thirty kinds of food commonly used as medicines and forty kinds of Chinese herbs were chosen as samples.The contents of phytosterols(?-sitosterol,campesterol,stigmasterol,?-sitostanol) were analyzed by GC methods established by our laboratory.Results The frequency of various plant materials used in functional food was different,e-g.hawthorn about 408 times and huangqi 342 times.Phytosterols were contained in all samples analyzed,but were different in contents,some less than 10mg/100g while some more than 380mg/100g.In most samples,?-sitosterol is the largest portion of total phytosterol.Conclusion The phytosterols are important functional ingredients in plant materials frequently used in Chinese traditional medicine.The data of phytosterol contents in plant materials are valuable for utilization and further study in functional food.

BACKGROUND: Glycemic index (GI) is a physiological index of carbohydrate food. It has been found out in epidemiological studies that GI is useful in controlling and preventing some chronic diseases such as diabetes,cardiovascular disease,obesity.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the acceptance and practical significance of GI knowledge in diabetic patients by comparing with the traditional education with food exchange list (FEL)as the main material.DESIGN:A comparative observational test.SETTING:Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two diabetic patients volunteered to join in the study were selected from the Department Endocrinology of Beijiog No.6 Hospital from October 2000 to February 2002,including 36 males and 36 female of 10-70 years old with an average age of 58 years.METHODS:The 72 diabetic patients were randomly assigned to two groups:① GI group which received GI-based nutrition education;② FEL group receiving FEL-based nutrition education.They were educated for 5 months by means of classes,personal education and consultation by telephone.The changes of knowledge,food selection and blood glucose in the diabetic patients were observed before and after education.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Changes of the awareness of nutrition education,fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG) before and after education.RESULTS: All the 72 diabetic patients were involved in the analysis of results.①The correct answering rates after education were obviously higher than that before education (P<0.01).Before education,the correct rates of answers to GI questions in the Gl group were lower than the correct rates of answers to FEL questions in the FEL group (0 vs.6.5%,P<0.01).After education,the correct rates in the Gl group were higher than those in the FEL group (92.2%VS.79.4%,P<0.01): whereas there were no significant differences in the average correct rate of answer to the same question between the two groups (P>0.05).The Gl group was better than the FEL group in selecting cereal,fruit,bean and its.products (P<0.01).② The FBG and 2hPBG after education were lower than those before education in both groups(P<0.01),whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The knowledge of GI was better accepted than that of FEL by the diabetic patients in dietary treatment.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects and comphcations of treatment by using transcatheter arterial chemombolization(TACE) combined with functional splenic embolization(FSE) on patients with primary hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) combinded with hypersplenism.Methods Eighty HCC patients with hypersplenism were randomly divided into two groups by computer program.Observation group was treated with TACE and FSE,while control group was treated by only TACE.The iodine oil deposition,blood routine parameters and related complications were observed.Results (1) After one-month' s treatment,abdominal CT scan showed that 38 cases(79.17％) of patients in the observation group and 27 cases (84.38％) of patients in control group had iodine oil deposition in over 50％ of the tumor area.(2) The white blood cell counting in observation group were (7.65 ± 2.3) × 109/L,(5.89 ± 1.9) × 109/L,(5.02 ± 1.7) × 109/L in the follow-up examination 1 week,1month and 3 month after splenic embolization,respectively,which were significantly increased from the preoperative level of (2.21 ± 1.1) × 109/L(P ＜ 0.05).Platelets counting were (93 ± 29)× 109/L,(127 ± 32) × 109/L and (119 ± 26) × 109/L in observation group at 1 week,1 month and 3 month after splenic embolization,respectively,which were significantly higher than the preoperative level of (39 ± 20)× 109/L (P ＜ 0.05).In the control group,there were no statistically significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative levels (P ＞ 0.05).(3) Both of the the two groups showed no serious complications.Conclusion TACE combined with FSE is a safe and an effective method to treat hypersplenism combined in HCC patients.

Objective To construct the recombinant plasmid pET32a-AKT1 and express human AKT1 protein using prokaryotic expression system .Methods Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was employed to amplify the gene AKT1 in coding region and integrated it with pET 32a plasmid ,following by transforming it into Escherichia coli DH5α and prokaryotic strains BL21(DE3) .Isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside(IPTG) was adopted to induce its expression .Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE ) and Western-blot were used for protein identification .Results Complete fusion of target gene and plasmid was observed .The recombinant plasmid pET32a-AKT1 was successfully transferred into the strain DE3 . After IPTG induction ,protein with relative molecular mass 70 000 was expressed by DE3 .Conclusion The recombinant plasmid pET32a-AKT1 is constructed successfully and AKT 1 protein is completely and efficiently expressed by prokaryotic strain DE 3 .

Objective To evaluate the value of CEUS in dynamicly assessing the blood perfusion of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) in rats.Methods The experimentally induced secondary HAE in totally 70 rats were studied at different time periods (gth week,28th week,and 50th week) with CEUS,and compared to pathology results.Results At the 9th week,55 HAE lesions (55/70,78.57％) presented hyperechoic and the rest of 15 HAE lesions (15/70,21.43％)presented mixed echogenicity.The single or multiple vesicular structures were found as pathological feature.At later stages (28th week and 50th week),the size of lesions increased compared to 9th week with more solid structures and the calcifications found in HAE lesions.Microscopically,the fibrous tissues surrounding the lesions gradually thickened and the microvascular accumulation were visible around the lesions.The HAE lesions at the 9th week showed the ring enhancement and central septa enhancement in CEUS.The HAE lesions at the 28th week and 50th week showed combinations of no enhancement,ring enhancement,and central septa enhancement in CEUS.The ratio of edge enhancement to maximum diameter of lesions decreased with the progression (P=0.02).Conclusion The ultrasonographic features in HAE lesions become more complicated with increasing calcifications and enlarged necrosis areas with the progression.The CEUS can reveal the dynamics of blood perfusion of HAE lesions at different stages.

Objective: To analyze the phytosterols content in cereals and legumes commonly consumed in China, and to estimate the intake of phytosterols in Chinese people. Methods: 25 cereals and 16 legumes were chosen as samples. The content of ?-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, ?-sitostanol, campestanol were analyzed by GC methods and the total phytosterols were calculated; The intake of phytosterols in Chinese people were estimated using the data of “Survey on the Status of Nutrition and Health of the Chinese People” in 2002. Results: The content of phytosterols in wheat flour was higher than that in rice. The refinements of cereals will decrease the phytosterols content. Phytosterols content in soybean was higher than other legumes. The intake of phytosterols in Chinese people was estimated to be 130.76mg/d from cereals and 7.86mg/d from legumes. Conclusion: The analysis of phytosterols in food and the estimation of daily intake is valuable for chronic disease prevention. The higher consumption of wheat flour and legumes in diet is recommended.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize kind of safe and effective iodophor thinner.METHODS:Iodophor solutions in several different solvents were made and diluted 5,10 and 20 times,respectively.Then their microbicidal potentials on 3 standard strains were monitored.RESULTS:The standard strains were all killed within 5 min by iodophor solution in normal sodium or by low multiple diluted iodophor solution in distilled water;however,there were a few Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa still alive within 5 min in high multiple diluted iodophor solution in distilled water.Iodophor solution in tap water failed to kill all the standard strains,especially the Pseudomonas aeruginosa.CONCLUSION:Normal saline solution and distilled water have been proved to be the ideal iodophor thinners.

Objective: To study the effects of zinc on transport function of erythrocyte membrane. Methods: This study was conducted both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, weanling rats were divided into three groups and fed with different zinc diets (2.2, 28 and 128 mg Zn/kg diet) for four weeks, the transport function of Na +/K + pump, COTS-1, COTS-2, Gardos and RF channels were determined. In vitro, different concentration of zinc (0,5,10,50,100 and 500 ?mol Zn 2+ /L) were added into fresh human blood and the activities of the five transport channels were detected. Results: Proper zinc could keep the highest activities of Na +/K + pump, COTS-2 and Gardos channel. Too low or too high zinc decreased the transport function of these three channels and the activities of COTS-1 and RF channel were increased with the increase of zinc concentration, indicating the competitive function of these two channels. Conclusion: Zinc plays an important role in maintaining the transport function of erythrocyte membrane.